This study determined the independent effects of various homogenization cycles and precipitation treatments on the elevated temperature workability and the final ambient temperature mechanical properties of AA2024 aluminum alloy and on the T3 tensile properties of 2014 aluminum alloy as well as T6 tensile properties of 2618 and 2618 (Curich) aluminum alloys. The elevated-temperature tensile and extrusion tests indicate that the workability of AA2024 alloy improves with elevated-temperature precipitation treatment as suggested by earlier investigations. The precipitation treatments do not appear to degrade the ambient-temperature T3 and T8 tensile properties. The time at the precipitation temperature appears to affect the T3 and T8 tensile properties in unextruded ingot, longer times especially providing both relatively high ambient-temperature strength and ductility of AA2024 alloy. The time at the standard homogenization temperature and the heat-up and cool-down rates do not dramatically affect the T3 tensile properties of unextruded ingot of AA2024 and 2014 alloys. However, long soak times at the homogenization temperature and more rapid cooling rates may improve the properties somewhat of AA2024 alloy and longer heat-up times and rapid cooling rates may slightly improve the properties of 2014 alloy. The higher standard solution temperature appears to increase both strength and ductility of 2014 alloy over lower temperatures. The homogenization temperature affects the T6 tensile properties of 2618 and 2618 (Cu-rich) alloys, a high homogenization temperature (compare to standard homogenization temperature) providing both high strength and ductility. Increased manganese and copper appears to increase the strength, but slightly decreases the ductility. The standard aging temperature and time produce higher strength but lower the ductility than lower temperatures at the same or shorter aging times in 2618 (Cu-rich) alloy. / Graduation date: 1993

No description available.

No description available.

M.Ing. (Mechanical Engineering) / High strength alloys such as titanium are widely used within applications that require specific material properties. These include high strength, high temperature as well as low weight applications. Thus a need arises to investigate the fundamental to understand the mechanics of how these materials are machined. Titanium alloys are known for the difficulties that arise during the machining thereof. Complexities arise due to its inherent material properties, the most important property being the retention of strength at high temperatures. In addition to maintaining its strength, it becomes highly chemically reactive with other materials at increased temperatures. All these factors contribute to extreme temperatures at the tool chip interface contributing to increased tool wear and shortened tool life. The aim of the research is to investigate the effect of machining on various cutting process parameters including cutting force, temperature, tool wear and surface finish for grade 2 and grade 5 titanium alloys during high speed turning. Grade 2 titanium is a commercially grade with lower mechanical properties, while Grade 5 is titanium alloy with substantially higher mechanical properties and is the most widely used titanium alloy. In addition an experimental setup was developed and verified to conduct fundamental research on the high speed machining of titanium alloys. A literature review was concluded with focus on the machining of titanium alloys. This was followed by the development of the experimental setup, measurement and compilation of data. The data was compiled into graphs and compared with the current research available. The research found that for the cuts performed, that cutting forces are independent of cooling applied and that no substantial variation was noted between the two grades. When temperatures were evaluated, dramatic drops in temperature were noted when coolant was applied. As temperatures increased, specifically during un-cooled cutting, the inserts deteriorated having an effect on the quality of the surfaces obtained. When coolant was applied, substantial temperature drops were achieved, improving tool life and directly improving surface finishes. The best surface finish was achieved for higher cutting speeds as and lower feed rates. This phenomenon was found for both grades of titanium evaluated. The largest amount of tool wear was noted for the highest cutting speeds, with increased values noted for Grade 5 in comparison with Grade 2. This phenomenon is noted for crater as well as flank wear.

Due to the problem of obtaining the predicted mechanical properties for Al-Si alloys, especially after heat treatment, trial batches of sodium, strontium and unmodified alloys were cast. The alloys were cast using a standard test bar design. The material was solution treated, quenched and aged (at both increasing time and temperature) to obtain the best properties possible. Initial background information and theory was obtained at libraries to obtain a better working knowledge of the alloy...

Abstract not available

Abstract not available

The successful use of Nickel-Titanium (Nitinol) in biomedical applications requires an accurate control of its unique mechanical properties. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of a wide range of heat treatments on the mechanical behavior of hot-rolled and cold-drawn Nitinol. Results comprise an understanding of the effect of heat treatment temperature and time variation on final material response which is imperative for optimization of material properties. Thirty-three heat treatment variations are tested by combining three durations, 10 minutes, 90 minutes, and 8 hours, with eleven different heat treatment temperatures between 200°C and 440°C. Following heat treatment, the Nitinol samples undergo tensile testing with upper plateau strength, lower plateau strength, ultimate tensile strength, strain to failure, and residual elongation compared for all test groups. Heat treatment "power" is used to describe the efficacy of different combinations of heat treatment temperature and duration. When using hot-rolled Nitinol, results show a low heat treatment power does not create significant precipitation hardening or a significant decrease in martensite transformation stress, resulting in a high upper plateau strength, high residual strain values, and evidence of plastic deformation upon unloading. Moderate power treatments lead to sufficient hardening of the material and a decrease in martensite transformation stress resulting in a pseudoelastic response. Increasing to a high treatment power further decreases the transformation stress and increases the martensite transformation temperature leading to a shape-memory response in hot rolled Nitinol. When using cold-drawn Nitinol, low and moderate heat treatment power levels result in the material exhibiting a pseudoelastic response. Increasing heat treatment power shows the same effects on martensite transformation stress and temperature as seen with the hot-rolled material resulting in a material response transition from pseudoelastic to shape memory.

Orientador: Eugênio José Zoqui / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T00:04:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Naldi_MarcosAntonio_M.pdf: 15438226 bytes, checksum: ccd17a2befec608057948a418e6317b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: A tecnologia de semi-sólidos normalmente utiliza ligas de alumínio de baixo silício, como AA356 (Al-7,0wt%Si) como matéria-prima. Ligas contendo alto teor de silício com uma composição quasi-eutética diminuem a faixa semi-sólida, tornando difícil controlar a temperatura de tixoconformação. Entretanto, ligas de alumínio com alto teor de silício apresentam excelentes propriedades mecânicas. Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a tixoconformabilidade da liga Al-9,5wt%Si- 2,5wt%Cu (AA332) abrangendo as etapas de caracterização em termos de micro e macroestrutura, caracterização do comportamento viscoso até o processo de tixoforjamento em prensa do tipo excêntrica em matriz do tipo aberta. Através das simulações do software Thermo-Calc e técnicas experimentais de DSC a temperatura de transição de sólido para líquido foi mapeada a fim de obter o melhor comportamento semi-sólido e, conseqüentemente, a melhor temperatura de tixoconformação. Amostras de 20 mm de diâmetro por 15 mm de altura foram aquecidas foram aquecidas a três temperaturas, 562oC, 567oC e 572oC, pra se obter cerca de 30%, 45% e 60% da fração sólida por tempos de permanência de 0s, 30s, 90s e 210s. A evolução morfológica e o comportamento semi-sólido das amostras para estas temperaturas foram determinados através do teste de compressão a quente. A despeito das temperaturas e tempos usados a estrutura se mostrou bastante estável sendo que o melhor comportamento semi-sólido ocorreu à temperatura de 572º C, com uma viscosidade aparente de até 1.5E+5 Pa.s / Abstract: The thixoforming technology typically uses semi-solid aluminium alloys low silicon, as the AA356 (Al-7wt%Si-0.5wt%Mg) as raw material. Alloys with high content of silicon, with a quasi-eutectic composition decreases semi-solid range, making it difficult to control the thixoforming temperature. However, aluminium alloys with high silicon content present excellent mechanical properties. The goal of this work was to evaluate the thixoformability of Al-9,5wt%Si- 2,5wt%Cu(AA332) alloys, including the following stages process: characterization in terms of microstructure and macrostructures; characterization of the viscous behavior; and the tixoforging process in an eccentric press using a matrix-type open. Simulations using Thermo-Calc software and DSC experimental technique were used to map the transition temperature from solid to liquid to obtain the best semi-solid behaviour and, consequently, the best thixoforming temperature. Samples 20mm diameter, 15mm height were heated were heated at three distinct temperatures, 562oC, 567oC and 572oC, to obtain circa 30, 45 and 60% of solid fraction for soaking times of 0s, 30s, 90s and 210s. The morphological evolution and the behaviour of the semi-solid samples at these temperatures were determined by the hot compression test. Despite the different temperatures and times used, the structure proved to be quite stable and the best semi-solid behaviour occurred at a temperature of 572°C with an apparent viscosity of up to 1.5E+5 Pa.s / Mestrado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Dissertation (M Eng (Metallurgical Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering / unrestricted