Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of California, Berkeley, October 1963. / TID-4500 (24th Ed). Bibliography references : p. 66-68.

<p> The alpha decay properties of nuclei decaying across the N = 126 closed neutron configuration are examined. A systematic occurrence of isomerism is esteblished in the odd-odd N = 2.27 isotones from a detailed study of 214Fr and 216Ac. Energy level spacings of the odd-odd N = 125 isotones 208Bi, 210At, and 212Fr are found to exhibit a distinct· correspondence. The Mang shell model theory of alpha decay is evoked to explain the reduced width fluctuations of the even-odd N = 127 isotones. Theoretical and experimental results are also presented for the alpha decay of 215Ra. The new isotopes 222Th , 221Th , 218Ra, and . 217R a are synthesized and studied. Precise atomic masses are calculated for several nuclei from the measurement of alpha decay Q-values. </p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Radioactive decay of nuclei via emission of ??-particles is studied using three different theoretical approaches, viz: the quasi-bound state wavefunction approach (QSWA), the superasymmetric ??ssion model (SAFM) and the semiclassical approximation (QCA). The half-lives of the radioactive nuclei, calculated using these methods, are compared with each other and with available experimental data. The resonance wavefunction is obtained by numerically integrating the Schrödinger equation with outgoing boundary conditions. The sensitivity of the calculated decay widths to two particular parameter sets of the Woods-Saxon (WS) optical potentials are studied. Double folding (DF) model calculations to obtain the bare ??-nucleus potential have been carried out with the Reid M3Y effective nucleon-nucleon (NN) interactions. The exchange part of the interaction was taken to be of zero-range pseudo-potential and the density dependence of the NN interaction is accounted for. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated using both even-even and odd-mass spherical nuclei. / Physics / MSC (PHYSICS)

Radioactive decay of nuclei via emission of ??-particles is studied using three different theoretical approaches, viz: the quasi-bound state wavefunction approach (QSWA), the superasymmetric ??ssion model (SAFM) and the semiclassical approximation (QCA). The half-lives of the radioactive nuclei, calculated using these methods, are compared with each other and with available experimental data. The resonance wavefunction is obtained by numerically integrating the Schrödinger equation with outgoing boundary conditions. The sensitivity of the calculated decay widths to two particular parameter sets of the Woods-Saxon (WS) optical potentials are studied. Double folding (DF) model calculations to obtain the bare ??-nucleus potential have been carried out with the Reid M3Y effective nucleon-nucleon (NN) interactions. The exchange part of the interaction was taken to be of zero-range pseudo-potential and the density dependence of the NN interaction is accounted for. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated using both even-even and odd-mass spherical nuclei. / Physics / MSC (PHYSICS)

No description available.

<p> Fine structure in thermal neutron (n, α) reactions has been studied for 149Sm, 147Sm, and 143Nd by means of an instrument called an electrostatic particle guide. This device, which was designed to eliminate the problems of background and low energy tailing in (n,α) spectroscopy, is described in detail. Alpha decay has been observed from thermal neutron capture states to levels in the daughter nucleus to greater than 2 MeV excitation. Cross sections and alpha energies are presented for each transition and as well, the alpha decay schemes for 146Nd, 144Nd, 140Ce. Experimental reduced widths have been calculated and are discussed in terms of Mang's theory of alpha decay. Evidence is presented for the (n, γα) process in the 143Nd (n,α) 140Ce reaction. </p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

No description available.

The existence of highest proton numbers at which the nuclear landscape cease to ex- ist, the end of the periodic table of elements and the limits of the existence of the nu- clei are some of the difficult questions to answer. To explore those questions, we in- vestigated hyperheavy nuclei (Z ≥ 126) using covariant density functional theory. We demonstrate the existence of three regions of spherical hyperheavy nuclei centered around (Z ∼ 138, N ∼ 230), (Z ∼ 156, N ∼ 310) and (Z ∼ 174, N ∼ 410). Also, we explored other properties of hyperheavy nuclei such as octupole deformation, alpha decay half lives, chemical potential, etc.

Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde eine Frisch-Gitterionisationskammer zum Messen kleinster spezifischer Alphaaktivitäten realisiert. Im konkreten Fall soll der Detektor dafür genutzt werden, die Halbwertszeit von 144Nd erneut zu bestimmen. Da diese sehr lang (T1/2 = (2,29 ± 0,16) · 10^15 Jahre) und die Reichweite der emittierten Alphateilchen in Feststoffen sehr gering ist, können nur sehr dünne Proben untersucht werden. Die Fläche der Proben sollte sehr groß sein, um die nötige Aktivität zu erhalten. Im Vergleich haben sich Gitterionisationskammern als das geeignetste Detektorkonzept erwiesen. Es wurde eine Kammer realisiert, welche aus zwei Gitterionisationskammern mit geteilter Anode besteht. Mit Hilfe dieses Aufbaus ist es möglich den Detektornulleffekt zu reduzieren. Die Auslese der auf den Detektorelektroden induzierten Ladung erfolgt mit Hilfe eines Analog-Digital-Konverters. Die Auswertung der gewonnenen Daten wird vollständig nach der Messung durchgeführt. Anhand einer Pulsformanalyse können verschiedene Informationen über jedes, im Detektor stattgefundene, Ereignis gewonnen werden. So ist es möglich den Gitterdurchgriff und die damit verbundene Winkelabhängigkeit der Pulshöhen zu korrigieren und somit die Energieauflösung des Detektors zu verbessern. Es wird eine Energieauflösung von 0,86 % bei 5,1 MeV erreicht. Die Charakterisierung der Ereignisse wird außerdem für die Reduktion des Detektornulleffekts herangezogen. Aufgrund verschiedener Bedingungen, die für ein zu erwartendes Alphaereignis notwendig sind, kann ein Großteil der, die Messung störenden Ereignisse, unterdrückt werden. So kann der Nulleffekt im Energiebereich von 1 MeV bis 2,2 MeV von 435 Ereignissen pro Tag ohne Charakterisierung um etwa ein Faktor 20 auf 21,6 Ereignisse pro Tag mit Charakterisierung reduziert werden. Die Nachweiseffizienz wird davon nicht merklich beeinträchtigt. Für ausreichend lange Messzeiten ist eine Nachweisgrenze von weniger als 10 Ereignissen pro Tag zu erwarten. Für eine, für diesen Aufbau geeignete, Targetgeometrie ist mit etwa 50 Alphazerfällen des 144Nd pro Tag zu rechnen. Mit einer Nachweiseffizienz von etwas unter 50 % sollte die Messung am 144Nd gut möglich sein. / The realization of this work was the usage of a Frisch grid ionization chamber for measuring the lowest specific alpha activity. In the practical case the detector should be used to remeasure the half life of 144Nd. Only very thin targets can be used, due to the extreme long half life and the very short range of alpha particles in matter. The area of the samples must be big enough to get the required activity. In comparison gridded ionization chambers are the most practical devices. The chamber was realized in that way, that two gridded chambers shares a common anode. This could be used to minimize the detector background. The charge, which was induced in the detector electrodes, is acquired by an analog to digital converter. The full analysis of the data is done after the measurement. With the pulse form analysis it is possible to extract information about every event occurring in the detector. It is also possible to correct the grid inefficiency and the correlated angle dependence of the pulse height. This improves the energy resolution. A resolution of 0.86 % at 5.1 MeV is possible. The characterization of the events is also used for the suppression of the detector background. Due to different conditions for an assumed alpha event the majority of the events which disturbs the measurement could be removed. So it is possible to suppress the background in the range between 1 MeV to 2.2 MeV of 435 events per day without the characterization to 21.6 events per day with characterization, which is a factor of roughly 20. The detection efficiency is not noticeably effected. For sufficiently long measurements a lowest limit of detection of 10 counts per day is expectable. For a target geometry which can be used with this setup, about 50 alpha decays of 144Nd per day will occur. With a detection efficiency a bit below 50 % the measurement on Nd should be possible.

No description available.