В нашей дипломной работе рассматривается феномен self-publishing как способ самостоятельного издания публикации, отражаются его история в России и в мире, виды self-publishing, принцип работы платформы Amazon. Таким образом, проводится практическое исследование публикаций на Amazon, выделяются основные характеристики наиболее продаваемых книг, что позволило нам сделать выводы о критериях успешности публикации. / The diploma paper examines the phenomenon of self-publishing as a way of independent publishing, reflects its history in Russia and in the world, types of self-publishing, the principle of publishing on Amazon. Thus, a practical study of publications on Amazon is carried out, the main characteristics of the best-selling books are highlighted, which allowed us to draw the conclusions about the criteria for publication success.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 1980. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Science. / Vita. / Includes bibliographies. / by Robert Forster Stallard. / Ph.D.

One of the primary challenges facing researchers and practitioners in their efforts to address issues of poverty and environment is the need to deepen our understanding of the logic that guides local people's decisions over resource use, particularly among the rural poor whose livelihoods depend on fragile and dynamic environments. This study seeks to identify the set of factors that influences how rainforest people respond to abrupt natural disturbances and resource scarcity through changes in livelihood and resource management practices in two rural poor communities of the Peruvian Amazon. Data were gathered through in-depth survey interviews (n=95 households) between June and December 2003 in the Amerindian community of Arica Viejo (Ucayali River) and the mestizo (ribereno) community of Roca Fuerte (Maranon River). The results reveal that socioeconomic characteristics such as forest experience and knowledge, and access to agricultural land explain striking differences among households in livelihood responses to environmental change, particularly concerning resource use behavior, resilience to disturbance, and the propensity to adopt sustainable resource management strategies.

No description available.

Ensemble simulations of smoke aerosol radiative effects with a regional climate model in the Amazon has been conducted to investigate the radiative effects of aerosols on clouds, rainfall, and circulation from dry to wet season. The results of the ensemble simulations suggest that the radiative effect of the smoke aerosols can reduce daytime surface radiative and sensible fluxes, the depth and instability of the planetary boundary layer (PBL), consequently the clouds in the lower troposphere in early afternoon in the smoke center, where the aerosols optical depth, AOD, exceeds 0.3. The aerosol radiative forcing also appears to weaken moisture transport into the smoke center and increase moisture transport and cloudiness in the region upwind to the smoke center, namely, the northern Amazon. Anomalous wind convergence over the equatorial western Amazon occurs to compensate the anomalous wind divergence in the southern Amazon, leading to an increase of both clouds and rainfall in that region. The increased atmospheric thermodynamic stability in Southern Amazonia also appears to block synoptic cyclonic activities propagated from extratropical South America, leading to an increased synoptic cyclonic activities and rainfall in southern Brazil, Paraguay and northern Argentina. Evidently, the dynamic response of the monsoon circulation plays a major role in determining the pattern of rainfall change induced by the radiative effect of the aerosols.

Orientador: Carlos Gomes da Nave Mendes / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T02:21:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Magalhaes_AlexFabianoRibeirode_D.pdf: 14333418 bytes, checksum: ee01e311442ea58a94ba5bd94ef4790c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Através de informações do Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Saneamento, verifica-se baixos índices de atendimento por água potável na Região Norte do Brasil, que chega a um percentual menor do que 40% no estado de Rondônia (SNIS (2005)). De maneira a disponibilizar tecnologias para tratamento das águas brancas e pretas da Região Amazônica para o atendimento a esta população, este estudo desenvolveu novas tecnologias, aptas para o tratamento destas águas. Para este desenvolvimento, foram implantadas unidades em escala de protótipo em Manaus-Am, para tratamento das águas pretas, e em Careiro da Várzea-AM, para tratamento das águas brancas, sendo a eficiência destas monitoradas através dos parâmetros de pH, turbidez, cor aparente, cor verdadeira e coliformes termotolerantes. Disponibiliza-se uma tecnologia para o tratamento das águas brancas da Amazônia composta de fases de pré-filtração dinâmica com taxa de 2,4 m³/m².d, préfiltração vertical ascendente em camadas com taxa de 4,3 m³/m².d, filtração lenta com taxa de 1,7 m³/m².d e a injeção de solução coagulante de Sulfato Alumínio Ferroso com dosagem de 30 mg/L, posicionada na tubulação de saída do pré-filtro dinâmico. Também se disponibiliza uma tecnologia para o tratamento das águas pretas da Amazônia composta de fases de pré-filtração dinâmica com taxa de 2,4 m³/m².d, préfiltração vertical ascendente em camadas com taxa de 4,3 m³/m².d, filtração lenta com taxa de 1,7 m³/m².d e filtração em carvão ativado granular com taxa de aplicação de 6,1 m³/m².d, sendo esta última posicionada após o filtro lento / Abstract: Through information from the National System of Sanitation Information, there is a low attendance rate for drinking water in northern Brazil, which arrives at a percentage lower than 40% in the state of Rondônia (SNIS (2005)). In order to provide technologies for water treatment of white and black waters of the Amazonian region to assist this population, this study developed new technologies, able to treat these kind of water. For this development, were implemented at scale prototype units in Manaus-Am, for treatment of black water, and the Careiro da Várzea - AM, for the treatment of white waters, the efficiency of these treatment was monitored through the parameters of pH, turbidity, color Apparent, true color and thermotolerant coliforms. Provides a technology for the treatment of white waters of the Amazonian consisted of the dynamic pre-filter with a rate of 2.4 m³/m².d, pre-filter layers in vertical upward with a rate of 4.3 m³/m².d, slow filter with a rate of 1.7 m³/m².d and the injection of Ferrous Sulfate Aluminum coagulant with a dose of 30 mg/L, positioned in the outlet dynamic pre-filter pipe. It also provides a technology for the treatment of the black waters of the Amazonian consisted of the dynamic pre-filter with a rate of 2.4 m³/m².d, pre-filter layers in vertical upward with a rate of 4.3 m³/m².d, slow filter with a rate of 1.7 m³/m².d and filter with granular activated carbon with a rate of 6.1 m³/m².d, this one positioned after the slow filter / Doutorado / Saneamento e Ambiente / Doutor em Engenharia Civil

Usage of cloud-based storage systems gained a lot of prominence in fast few years. Every day millions of files are uploaded and downloaded from cloud storage. This data that cannot be handled by traditional databases and this is considered to be Big Data. New powerful platforms have been developed to store and organize big and unstructured data. These platforms are called Big Data systems. Some of the most popular big data platform are Mongo, Hadoop, and Cassandra. In this, we used Cassandra database management system because it is an open source platform that is developed in java. Cassandra has a masterless ring architecture. The data is replicated among all the nodes for fault tolerance. Unlike MySQL, Cassandra uses per-column basis technique to store data. Cassandra is a NoSQL database system, which can handle unstructured data. Most of Cassandra parameters are scalable and are easy to configure. Amazon provides cloud computing platform that helps a user to perform heavy computing tasks over remote hardware systems. This cloud computing platform is known as Amazon Web Services. AWS services also include database deployment and network management services, that have a non-complex user experience. In this document, a detailed explanation on Cassandra database deployment on AWS platform is explained followed by Cassandra performance tuning.    In this study impact on read and write performance with change Cassandra parameters when deployed on Elastic Cloud Computing platform are investigated. The performance evaluation of a three node Cassandra cluster is done. With the knowledge of configuration parameters a three node, Cassandra database is performance tuned and a draft model is proposed.             A cloud environment suitable for the experiment is created on AWS. A three node Cassandra database management system is deployed in cloud environment created. The performance of this three node architecture is evaluated and is tested with different configuration parameters. The configuration parameters are selected based on the Cassandra metrics behavior with the change in parameters. Selected parameters are changed and the performance difference is observed and analyzed. Using this analysis, a draft model is developed after performance tuning selected parameters. This draft model is tested with different workloads and compared with default Cassandra model. The change in the key cache memory and memTable parameters showed improvement in performance metrics. With increases of key cache size and save time period, read performance improved. This also showed effect on system metrics like increasing CPU load and disk through put, decreasing operation time and The change in memTable parameters showed the effect on write performance and disk space utilization. With increase in threshold value of memTable flush writer, disk through put increased and operation time decreased. The draft derived from performance evaluation has better write and read performance.

Amazonian tropical forests account for 20-50% of global primary productivity and up to 40% of carbon stored in terrestrial biomass (Phillips et al., 1998). The Amazon is also home to the Earth’s largest river system, accounting for approximately 20% of the world’s total river discharge (Richey et al., 1989). Despite the clear global significance of the Amazon basin, substantial uncertainties remain in terms of both aboveground wood biomass and carbon storage within its extensive forests (Houghton et al., 2001), and the functioning of its river systems, particularly in terms of floodplain inundation (Wilson et al., 2007). This thesis addresses the aforementioned uncertainties through providing new insight into the interaction between fluvial processes and Amazonian floodplain varzea forests, for the Beni floodplain in north east Bolivia. Flood inundation dynamics for the Beni floodplain are quantified through application of a 1D-2D hydraulic model code, with topographical forcing provided through bare earth DEMs derived from the SRTM global elevation dataset (Farr and Kobrick, 2000). Subsequently, in the final part of the thesis, aboveground wood biomass estimates are generated for the Beni floodplain, through extrapolation of plot scale inventory measurements with respect to spatially distributed remote sensing datasets. These estimates are subsequently integrated with modelled flood inundation and maps depicting Beni river channel migration, in order to explore the influence which fluvial processes exert upon aboveground wood biomass storage in varzea forest stands. Overall, results presented within this thesis quantitatively demonstrate that fluvial processes, specifically flood inundation and lateral channel migration, exert significant impacts upon aboveground biomass storage within Beni floodplain forests. Furthermore, as a result of these influences, aboveground wood biomass storage within Beni floodplain forests is substantially lower than would be expected based upon published estimates for varzea forests across the Amazon (Baker et al., 2004; Saatchi et al., 2007). This implies that systematic overestimation of aboveground wood biomass storage for Amazonian varzea forests may constitute a significant source of uncertainty in basin scale biomass estimates.

No description available.

Small-scale logging by indigenous people in Amazonia remains little studied despite the importance of this activity to forest communities and its relevance to the implementation of conservation initiatives. Previous studies in the region have given an overview of small-scale logging and the role of local institutions in the management of timber resources. This study provides insight into the local institutions that govern the use of timber resources and the timber extraction practices of indigenous communities in Amazonia. Timber extraction was examined through a regional case study of indigenous people along the Ampiyacu River, an affluent of the Amazon near Iquitos, Peru. An analysis of the actors within and outside of the Ampiyacu Basin involved in timber harvest and the local institutions for regulating access to forest resources provides the context for examination of local arrangements in small-scale logging. Detailed information about local institutional arrangements was collected through a mixture of qualitative methods, including archival research, focus groups, structured interviews, and direct observation. An analysis of timber practices and the sustainability thereof in extraction areas for the 13 villages of the region allowed a characterization of small-scale logging practices and revealed the most relevant factors in timber extraction strategy and economics. Local arrangements were explained by policy, proximity to an urban market, and access to funding. Most loggers are poor, earning less than $ 496/year in cash, although income levels varied widely within type of funding. The higher income loggers are specialists who log more than the permissible quota and have greater access to funding. Timber was the central economic activity of all local residents. The implications of these findings are discussed for local arrangements and future research on small-scale logging by indigenous peoples of Amazonia. / text