Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-09-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:19:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rocha_ts_dr_sjrp.pdf: 2028689 bytes, checksum: fc26ec97a8f0c09ef335056fc152bcbe (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Para auxiliar o entendimento da estrutura semicristalina de grânulos de amido, o ‘annealing’ e as hidrólises ácida e enzimática de amidos granulares podem ser empregados. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de utilizar estes tratamentos para obter maiores informações sobre a estrutura granular de amidos de diferentes fontes botânicas, além de compreender o mecanismo de reorganização da estrutura granular provocada pelo ‘annealing. Amidos de milho normal, milho ceroso, mandioca, mandioquinha-salsa e batata foram isolados e caracterizados quanto a sua composição química, distribuição dos comprimentos de cadeias ramificadas da amilopectina, difração de raios-X, propriedades de pasta e propriedades térmicas. Suspensões de amidos nativos (5% p/v) foram submetidas ao ‘annealing’ à temperatura de 2 a 3 ºC menores que as temperaturas de início de gelatinização de cada amido, por 24 horas. Após ‘annealing’, os amidos foram avaliados quanto às suas características morfológicas (microscopia óptica, SEM e microscopia a laser confocal), teores de amilose, distribuição dos comprimentos de cadeias ramificadas da amilopectina, difração de raios-X, massa molar da amilopectina, propriedades térmicas e suscetibilidade às hidrólises enzimática (alfa-amilase e amiloglucosidase) e ácida. Os amidos submetidos à hidrólise enzimática ou ácida (em diferentes tempos) foram também avaliados quanto ao teor de amilose, massa molar da amilopectina, SEM, distribuição dos comprimentos de cadeias ramificadas da amilopectina, difração de raios-X e propriedades térmicas. O amido de mandioquinha-salsa apresentou características estruturais diferentes das apresentadas pelos outros amidos. Como o amido de batata, este amido apresentou polimorfismo tipo B e altas proporções de cadeias laterais muito longas (DP > 37) da amilopectina, o que pode ter superestimado... / To help understanding the semi-crystalline structure of starch granules, the annealing, the enzymatic and acid hydrolysis can be performed. Objectives of this study were to use these treatments to obtain more information about the granular structure of starches from different botanical sources, and help comprehend the starch granular reorganization mechanism provoked by annealing. Normal corn, waxy corn, cassava, Peruvian carrot and potato starches were isolated and characterized regarding their chemical compositon, amylopectin branch-chain length distribution, X-ray diffraction, pasting properties and thermal properties. Starches suspensions (5% w/v) were subjected to annealing for 24h at 3 ºC below the onset gelatinization temperatures of each starch. After annealing, the starches were evaluated regarding their morphological characteristics (optical microscopy, SEM, laser confocal microscopy), amylose content, amylopectin branch-chain length distribution, X-ray diffraction, amylopectin molar mass, thermal properties and susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis (alpha-amylase and amiloglucosidase) and acid hydrolysis. The starches subjected to enzymatic and acid hydrolysis (at different times) were also evaluated regarding their amylose content, amylopectin molar mass, SEM, amylopectin branch-chain length distribution, X-ray diffraction and thermal properties. Peruvian carrot starch had structural characteristics different of that of the other starches. As potato starch, it displayed a B-type Xray diffraction pattern and high proportion of very long amylopectin branch-chains (DP 37), which may have overestimated the apparent amylose content of these starches. However, the Peruvian carrot starch also displayed a high amount of short amylopectin branch-chains (DP 6-12). Normal corn and waxy corn starches displayed an A-type pattern and cassava starch displayed a CA-type... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-02-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:10:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rocha_ts_me_sjrp.pdf: 4148399 bytes, checksum: ce0ff94a04b39123b97024a446e8f545 (MD5) / Enzymatic hydrolysis of granular starch has been used to study the structure and the physicochemical properties of the granules. It depends, among others, on the starch botanic source, on the enzymatic system used and on the size of the granules. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of granule size on enzymatic susceptibility and on structural and physicochemical properties of Peruvian Carrot starch. Starches from two varieties (Amarela de Carandaí, AC and Amarela de Senador Amaral, ASA) were isoladed, fractionated by size and classified into whole granules (without separation); large granules (d 20æm); medium granules (> 10 e < 20æm) and small granules (£ 10æm). The whole and fractionated granular starches were hydrolysed with bacterial -amylase and fungal amyloglucosidase. Samples, before and after hydrolysis, were analyzed regarding their structural and physicochemical characteristics. The whole and fractionated native starches shown in optical microscope and scanning electron microscope circular shape for large granules and polygonal shape for small granules. The granular surface was smooth with some had openings, especially for the larges granules, with some depressions and holes. From chromatograms of gel permeation in Sepharose CL-2B was not possible to observe differences on the molecular size from both varieties of Peruvian Carrot. The amylose content, that was higher to AC variety, was concentraded mainly in large granules. Both varieties exhibited B-type X-ray diffraction pattern and relative degree of cristallinity (DC) (~20%) was not different for the different starches, despite the intensity of the peaks decrease for small granules. The intrinsic viscosity of starches from both varieties was smallest 24% and 14%, respectively, to small granules in relation of large granules. Gelatinization temperatures, from DSC, decreased as the granule sizes decreased, while the enthalpy remained the same. The smaller the granule