Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-22T13:34:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Ronner Joaquim Mendon?a Brasil.pdf: 1892406 bytes, checksum: 2af27f8c4405579c52f8e3c5a83f0bce (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-22T13:34:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Ronner Joaquim Mendon?a Brasil.pdf: 1892406 bytes, checksum: 2af27f8c4405579c52f8e3c5a83f0bce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-08 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Lysine is an essential amino acid used as a reference in diets based on the ideal protein concept. Determining the actual requirement for lysine is of great importance to formulate efficient feed without amino acids limitation or excesses. Three experiments were conducted in the Poultry Complex of Integrated Production Centre at Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, objecting to estimate the digestible lysine requirements to broilers of low genetic potential for growth through the assessment of performance, carcass characteristics and breast meat quality. The first experiment corresponds to growth phase I (29-49 days), the second growth phase II (50-69 days) and the third final phase (70-84 days), where during each experiment was used different chickens. All experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design, with five treatments, four replications and twenty experimental units. The treatments were set with increasing lysine amounts obtained from the addition of L-Lysine HCl to the basal diet, replacing the ingredient corn starch as follows: 0.871, 1.011, 1.151, 1.291 and 1.431% in the growth phase I; 0.803, 0.943, 1.083, 1.223 and 1.363% in the growth phase II; and 0.766, 0.906, 1.046, 1.186% and 1.326% in the final phase. At the three stages studied, the lysine values nfluenced quadratically feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion. Lysine intake increased with enhanced amounts of lysine, however, it was detected a decrease in its usage efficiency. It was possible to measure the nutritional requirements for feed intake (1.298, 1.109, 1.150%), weight gain (1.183, 1.199, 1.162%) and feed conversion (1.203, 1.162, 1.126%), respectively for the growth phases I, II and final. The absolute weight as well as carcass and cuts yield were influenced by digestible lysine values of rations, where the highest carcass yield for growth phase I (73.62%) was estimated in the value of 1.162%, growth phase II (74.24%) in the value of 1.068%, and final phase (69.34%) in the value of 1.065% for digestible lysine. For chemical composition of breast meat, birds slaughtered at 70 days of age (growth phase II) was observed linear increase in moisture percentage and crude protein, and reduction the ether extract percentage. Nevertheless, it was not observed significant effect of broilers slaughtered at 85 days of age (final phase). For birds slaughtered at 70 and 85 days of age, the weight loss was significant by thawing and cooking the breast meat, increasing as improved lysine values. Therefore, optimizing feed conversion of Redbro Plum? broilers might be recommended, respectively, 1.203, 1.162, and 1.126% of lysine in the diet at phases 29 to 49, 50 to 69, and 70 to 84 days of age, corresponding to a proportion of digestible lysine:crude protein 6.09, 6.34, and 6.36%. / A lisina ? um amino?cido essencial utilizado como refer?ncia em ra??es formuladas com base no conceito de prote?na ideal. A determina??o da real exig?ncia de lisina ? de grande import?ncia na formula??o de ra??es eficientes, sem limita??es ou excessos de amino?cidos. Tr?s experimentos foram conduzidos no Setor de Avicultura do Centro de Produ??o Integrada da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, com os objetivos de estimar as exig?ncias de lisina digest?vel para frangos de corte de menor potencial gen?tico para crescimento, atrav?s da avalia??o do desempenho, caracter?sticas de carca?a e de qualidade da carne do peito. O primeiro experimento corresponde a fase de crescimento I (29-49 dias), o segundo a fase de crescimento II (50-69 dias) e o terceiro a fase final (70-84 dias), sendo que em cada experimento foram utilizados frangos distintos. Todos os experimentos foram conduzidos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos, quatro repeti??es e 20 unidades experimentais. Os tratamentos foram constitu?dos com valores crescentes de lisina digest?vel obtidos a partir da adi??o de L-Lisina HCl ? dieta basal, em substitui??o ao ingrediente amido de milho., sendo: 0,871; 1,011; 1,151; 1,291 e 1,431% na fase de crescimento I; 0,803; 0,943; 1,083; 1,223 e 1,363% na fase de crescimento II; e 0,766, 0,906; 1,046; 1,186% e 1,326% na fase final. Nas tr?s fases estudadas os valores de lisina digest?vel influenciaram de forma quadr?tica o consumo de ra??o, ganho de peso e convers?o alimentar. O consumo de lisina aumentou com os valores crescentes de lisina digest?vel, no entanto foi verificado uma redu??o na efici?ncia de utiliza??o de lisina. Foi poss?vel a estimativa das exig?ncias nutricionais para o consumo de ra??o (1,298; 1,109; 1,150%), ganho de peso (1,183; 1,199; 1,162%) e convers?o alimentar (1,203; 1,162; 1,126%), respectivamente para as fases de crescimento I, II e final. Os pesos absolutos e rendimentos de carca?a e cortes foram influenciados pelos valores de lisina digest?vel das ra??es, sendo que na fase de crescimento I o maior rendimento de carca?a (73,62%) foi estimado no valor de 1,162%, na fase de crescimento II (74,24%) no valor de 1,068%, e na fase final (69,34%) no valor de 1,065% de lisina digest?vel. Para composi??o qu?mica da carne do peito, nos frangos abatidos aos 70 dias de idade (fase de crescimento II) foi verificado efeito linear crescente no porcentual de umidade e prote?na bruta, e decrescente no porcentual de extrato et?reo. J? nos frangos abatidos aos 85 dias de idade (fase final), n?o foi constatado efeito significativo. Nos frangos abatidos aos 70 e 85 dias de idade, as perdas de peso por descongelamento e cozimento na carne do peito foram significativas, aumentando a medida que aumentou os valores de lisina digest?vel. Para otimiza??o da convers?o alimentar de frangos de corte Redbro Plum? podem ser recomendados, respectivamente, 1,203, 1,162 e 1,126% de lisina digest?vel na dieta nas fases de 29 a 49, 50 a 69 e 70 a 84 dias de idade, correspondendo a uma rela??o lisina digest?vel:prote?na bruta de 6,09; 6,34 e 6,36%.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-05T16:04:05Z No. of bitstreams: 2 renata_gomes_oliveira.pdf: 686590 bytes, checksum: 0f17761923025eae7337021352f6c0bd (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-05T16:04:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 renata_gomes_oliveira.pdf: 686590 bytes, checksum: 0f17761923025eae7337021352f6c0bd (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-05T16:04:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 renata_gomes_oliveira.pdf: 686590 bytes, checksum: 0f17761923025eae7337021352f6c0bd (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-05T16:04:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 renata_gomes_oliveira.pdf: 686590 bytes, checksum: 0f17761923025eae7337021352f6c0bd (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / Foram conduzidos quatro experimentos para avaliar n?veis de lisina digest?vel para frangos de corte tipo caipira, linhagem Colonial, machos e f?meas, criados em semiconfinamento durante as fases: inicial (1 a 21 dias), crescimento I (22 a 42 dias), crescimento II (43 a 56 dias) e final (57 a 60 dias). As aves foram alojadas em 30 boxes (?rea de abrigo), com acesso ? ?rea de pastejo. Em cada experimento foram utilizados 630 frangos e o delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualisado, em esquema fatorial 5x2 (n?veis de lisina x sexo) e tr?s repeti??es de 21 aves cada. Os n?veis de lisina digest?vel avaliados foram: 8,1; 9,5; 10,9; 12,3 e 13,7(g/kg) na fase inicial; 7,07; 8,07; 9,07; 10,7 e 11,07 (g/kg) na fase de crescimento I; 6,07; 7,07; 8,07; 9,07 e 10,07 (g/kg) na fase de crescimento II e 6,0; 7,0; 8,0; 9,0 e 10,0 (g/kg) na fase final. As vari?veis de desempenho avaliadas foram: consumo de ra??o (CR, g/ave), consumo de lisina (CL, g/ave), ganho em peso (GP, g/ave) e convers?o alimentar (CA, g ra??o consumida/ g de ganho em peso). Foram avaliadas as vari?veis de carca?a e de qualidade da carne: rendimento de carca?a, peso da gordura, rendimento e peso dos cortes de peito, de asa+coxinha e de coxa+sobrecoxa, o potencial hidrogeni?nico (pH), a capacidade de reten??o de ?gua (CRA), a perda de peso por cozimento (PPC), a maciez objetiva (MO) cor e luminosidade (L*, a*, b*). Para o per?odo inicial, recomenda-se o n?vel de 12,95 g de lisina/kg, na ra??o de machos e f?meas para melhor CA. Na fase de crescimento I, recomenda-se 9,61 g de lisina/kg na ra??o para minimizar a CA de ambos os sexos, e, para melhor GP, os n?veis de 10,08 e 9,49 g de lisina digest?vel/kg na ra??o de machos e f?meas, respectivamente. Verificou-se que, para a fase de crescimento II, o n?vel de 6,0 g lisina/kg de ra??o atende ?s exig?ncias dos frangos. Para a fase final, observou-se efeito dos n?veis de lisina digest?vel para a CA, sendo recomendados 8,51 g de lisina/kg de ra??o. Para as vari?veis de rendimento de carca?a obteve-se efeito linear crescente de lisina sobre o rendimento de coxa + sobrecoxa das f?meas. A MO da carne de coxa aumentou, linearmente, com os n?veis de lisina, e, para a CRA e L* da carne do peito, observou-se efeito linear decrescente dos n?veis de lisina. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2013 / ABSTRACT Four experiments were carried out to determine the digestible lysine requirements for alternative line of broilers, Colonial line, male and female, created in free range system during phases: initial phase (1 to 21 days), growing I (22-42 days), growing II (43-56 days) and last phase (57-60 days). The birds were distributed into 30 pens (shelter area) with access to the pasture. In each trial, 630 birds were used and the experimental design was a completely randomized in a factorial arrangement 5 x 2 (levels of lysine and gender), with three replicates of 21 birds each. The digestible lysine levels evaluated were: 8.1; 9.5; 10.9, 12.3 and 13.7 (g/kg) for initial phase, 7.07, 8.07, 9.07, 10.07 and 11.07 (g/kg) for growing phase I, 6.07, 7.07, 8.07, 9.07 and 10.07 (g/kg) for growing phase II and 6.00, 7.00, 8.00, 9.00 and 10.0 (g/kg) for the last phase. The performance parameters evaluated were: feed intake (FI, g/bird), lysine intake (LI, g/bird), weight gain (WG, g/bird) and feed convertion (FC, g feed intake/ g weight gain). There was evaluated carcass parameters and meat quality: carcass yield, fat weight, yield and weight about the cuts (breast, wing + drumstick, thigh + drumstick), hydrogen potential (pH), water holding capacity (WHC), cooking loss (CL), tenderness, color and brightness (L*, a*, b*). For the initial phase we recommend the level of 12.95 g of lysine/ kg, on the ration for males and females to improve FC. In the growing phase I, we recommend 9.61 g of lysine/kg in the ration to minimize FC for both genders, and to improve WG the levels 10.08 and 9.48 g of digestible lysine/kg on the ration for males and females, respectively. We verified that for growing phase II, the level of 6.0 g of lysine/kg on the ration meets the chicken?s requirements. At last phase, there was digestible lysine effect for FC and can be recommended 8.51 g of lysine/ kg. For yield carcass parameters, there was an increasing linear effect of females? thigh + drumstick. The tenderness increased linearly with lysine levels and for WHC and L* of the meat breast there was a decreasing linear effect of lysine levels.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2018-08-23T14:07:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Barbara Brandt Moura.pdf: 2285485 bytes, checksum: 9eae3c35e652afad0a110dc64eafec10 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T14:07:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Barbara Brandt Moura.pdf: 2285485 bytes, checksum: 9eae3c35e652afad0a110dc64eafec10 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-28 / Summary chapter 1 Lysine is an essential amino acid used as a reference in diet formulations based on the ideal protein concept and is also the main nutrient involved in the muscular development of broilers. Research related to the requirement of lysine for broilers with lower genetic potential for growth are scarce and sometimes quite divergent. The objective of this study is to determine digestible lysine requirements for male broilers with lower genetic potential for growth. A total of 520 male broilers of the RedBro-plum? commercial strain from 42 to 72 days of age and slaughtered at 73 days of age were used. The experimental design was completely randomized (DIC), with five treatments with four replicates with 26 broilers each. The treatments were constituted with the values 0.689, 0.842, 0.995, 1.148 and 1.301% of digestible lysine obtained from the addition of L-Lysine HCl to the basal diet, replacing the corn starch. In parameter of negative linear recess performance for feed conversion and linear and line use efficiency positive for lysine consumption. In carcass traits, there was a negative linear regression in absolute carcass, breast, wing, thigh + overcook and heart and quadratic effects for absolute fat weight, back yield and relative fat weight. The lowest digestible lysine in the feed, 0.689%, determining adequate performance and carcass characteristics. However, lower abdominal fat deposition would be obtained with 1.05% digestible lysine in the diet, it can be considered the requirement value for slow-growing male broilers in the evaluated phase. The qualitative food restriction consists in the dilution of the diets, through the inclusion of ingredients with low nutritional value, in order to reduce the amount of nutrients absorbed. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the rates with different inclusion levels of ground Tifton 85 hay in the proportions of 0, 5, 10 and 15%. A total of 288 male broilers of the RedBro-plum? lineage were used, in a completely randomized design, in 4 treatments and 4 replicates of 18 broilers each. As broilers received as experimental feeds from 42 to 72 days of age. At 73 days the chickens were slaughtered for carcass analysis and intestine collections were performed in 8 broilers per replicate for morphological and morphometric analysis. A studied hay inclusion influenced linearly negative for weight gain and, in a positive way, feed consumption and feed conversion. Linear reductions without absolute carcass and breast weight, carcass yield and our liver and gizzard weights were also observed. Quadratic effect was observed for absolute weight of dorsum, liver and fat, yield of dorsum and villus height. The inclusion of Tifton 85 hay in the broiler ration of lower potential for growth from 42 to 72 days of age resulted in worsening performance and carcass yield. The use of hay was effective as a measure of qualitative restriction Summary chapter 2 The qualitative food restriction consists in the dilution of the diets, by means of the inclusion of ingredients with low nutritional value, usually, rich in fibers to reduce the amount of nutrients absorbed. The aim of this study was to evaluate rations with different inclusion levels of ground Tifton 85 hay in rations at the proportions of 0%, 5%, 10% and 15%. A total of 288 male Red Bro-plum? commercial broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design in 4 treatments and 4 replicates of 18 broilers per treatment. The broilers received the experimental rations from 42 to 72 days of age. At 73 days all broilers were slaughtered for carcass analysis, and intestine samples from 8 broilers were collected per replicate for morphological and intestinal morphometric analysis. Increasing the inclusion values of dietary hay influenced linearly performance of broilers, with the decrease in weight gain, increase in feed consumption and impacting negatively in feed conversion values. Likewise, elevating the addition of hay in the ration showed linear reductions in absolute weight, carcass yield, and linear increases in the relative weights of liver and gizzard. The inclusion of Tifton 85 hay in broiler ration of lower potential for growth from 42 to 72 days of age affected negatively performance and carcass yield. The use of hay was effective as a measure of qualitative restriction of the ration if there is intention to control the growth of broilers according to a certain slaughter age / Resumo Cap?tulo 1 A lisina ? um amino?cido essencial utilizado como refer?ncia nas formula??es de dietas com base no conceito de prote?na ideal, sendo a lisina um dos principais nutrientes envolvidos no desenvolvimento das aves. A maioria das pesquisas relacionadas a exig?ncia de lisina para frangos de corte s?o realizadas com frangos de linhagens convencionais, no entanto para frangos de corte de menor potencial gen?tico para crescimento as refer?ncias s?o escassas e por vezes bastante divergentes. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi determinar as exig?ncias em lisina digest?vel para frangos de corte machos de menor potencial gen?tico para crescimento. Foram utilizados 520 frangos de corte, machos, da linhagem comercial RedBro-plum? (Caipira Franc?s Vermelho Escuro), de 42 a 72 dias de idade e abatidos aos 73 dias de idade. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado (DIC), sendo cinco tratamentos e quatro repeti??es por tratamento, totalizando 20 unidades experimentais de 26 aves cada. Os tratamentos foram constitu?dos com valores crescentes de lisina digest?vel obtidos a partir da adi??o de L-Lisina HCl ? dieta basal, em substitui??o ao ingrediente amido de milho, sendo 0,689, 0,842, 0,995, 1,148 e 1,301% de lisina digest?vel. Em par?metros de desempenho foi observada regress?o linear negativa para convers?o alimentar e efici?ncia da utiliza??o de lisina e linear positiva para consumo de lisina, de acordo com o aumento nos valores de lisina digest?vel na ra??o. Tal efeito pode ter sido influenciado pela necessidade dos frangos em aumentar o consumo de ra??o nos tratamentos iniciais, para suprir o aporte limitante de lisina na ra??o. Para as caracter?sticas de carca?a foi verificado regress?o linear negativa nos pesos absolutos de carca?a, peito, asa, coxa + sobrecoxa e cora??o e efeito quadr?tico para peso absoluto de gordura, rendimento de dorso e peso relativo de gordura com o aumento nos valores de lisina digest?vel. O menor valor em lisina digest?vel na ra??o, 0,689%, foi suficiente para determinar resultados adequados de desempenho e caracter?sticas de carca?a. Entretanto, para propiciar menor deposi??o de gordura abdominal o valor de 1,05 % de lisina digest?vel na ra??o pode ser considerado o valor de exig?ncia para os frangos machos de crescimento lento na fase de 42 a 72 dias de idade. Resumo cap?tulo 2 A restri??o alimentar qualitativa consiste na dilui??o das dietas, por meio da inclus?o de ingredientes com baixo valor nutricional, normalmente ricos em fibras, a fim de reduzir a quantidade de nutrientes absorvidos. O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar ra??es com diferentes n?veis de inclus?o de feno de Tifton 85 mo?do na ra??o, nas propor??es de 0, 5, 10 e 15 %. Foram utilizados 288 frangos de corte de crescimento lento, machos, da linhagem comercial RedBro-plum? (Caipira Franc?s Vermelho Escuro), distribu?das em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em 4 tratamentos e 4 repeti??es de 18 aves por tratamento. As aves receberam as ra??es experimentais dos 42 aos 72 dias de idade. Aos 73 dias foram abatidos todos os frangos para analise de carca?a e foram realizadas coletas de intestino em 8 frangos por repeti??o para a an?lise morfol?gica e morfom?trica intestinal. Os aumentos nos valores de inclus?o de feno estudados na dieta influenciaram de forma linear o desempenho dos frangos, com diminui??o no ganho de peso, aumento no consumo de ra??o, no consumo de fibra bruta e piora nos valores de convers?o alimentar e aumento. Foram observadas ainda, com o aumento de adi??o de feno na ra??o, redu??es lineares no peso absoluto e no rendimento de carca?a e aumentos lineares nos pesos relativos do f?gado e da moela. A avalia??o da morfometria intestinal demonstrou que houve efeito quadr?tico na altura de vilosidade. A an?lise econ?mica demonstrou efeito linear decrescente para o ?ndice de rentabilidade. A inclus?o de feno de Tifton 85 na ra??o de frangos de corte de menor potencial de crescimento no per?odo de 42 a 72 dias de idade resultou na piora dos resultados de desempenho, rendimento de carca?a e analise econ?mica. A utiliza??o do feno foi eficaz como medida de restri??o qualitativa da ra??o se houver inten??o de controle do crescimento do frango em fun??o de uma determinada idade de abate