• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIOXIDANT CONJUGATED POLY(ΒETA-AMINO ESTER) MICRO/NANOGELS FOR THE SUPPRESSION OF OXIDATIVE STRESS

Gupta, Prachi 01 January 2016 (has links)
Oxidative stress is a pathophysiological condition defined by an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can result in the growth arrest of cells followed by cell disintegration or necrosis. A number of small molecule antioxidants (e.g. curcumin, quercetin and resveratrol) are capable of directly scavenging ROS, thereby short-circuiting the self-propagating oxidative stress state. However, poor solubility and rapid 1st pass metabolism results in overall low bioavailability and acts as a barrier for its use as a drug to suppress oxidative stress efficiently. To overcome this limitation, these small molecule antioxidants were covalently conjugated into poly(β-amino ester) (PβAE) cross-linked networks to formulate prodrug gel microparticles and nanoparticles (nanogels). Being hydrolytically degradable in nature, these PβAE crosslinked systems released antioxidants in their original structural form in a sustained controlled fashion. Both quercetin and curcumin-PβAE nanogels showed prolonged suppression of cellular oxidative stress induced by H2O2. Curcumin PβAE nanogels also demonstrated protection against mitochondrial oxidative stress induced by H2O2 and polychlorinated biphenyls. Curcumin-PβAE gel microparticles were also developed as a platform to treat oral mucositis through a local antioxidant delivery route. The same synthesis chemistry was transferred to formulate resveratrol PβAE gel microparticles for topical applications, to treat UV radiation induced oxidative stress. Both formulations showed suppression of induced oxidative stress. An in vivo trial with curcumin-PβAE microparticles further showed relatively reduced the severity of induced oral mucositis (OM) in hamster check pouch as compared to placebo.
2

Fonctionnalisation C(sp3)-H intermoléculaire par catalyse au palladium : étude de couplages migratoires / Palladium catalyzed intramolecular C(sp3)-H functionalization : migrative couplings study

Goutierre, Anne-Sophie 31 October 2014 (has links)
La fonctionnalisation directe des liaisons C-H représente une avancée considérable dans la recherche, car elle constitue une alternative économe en atomes et en étapes aux méthodes de synthèse traditionnelles. L'utilisation des métaux de transition permet de pallier les difficultés liées notamment à une faible réactivité des liaisons C-H et à l'abondance naturelle de celles-ci dans les molécules organiques. L'arylation palladocatalysée en position β d'un ester, développée dans notre groupe au cours des dernières années, s'appuie sur la faiblesse de la liaison C-H en α du carbonyle pour générer un énolate de palladium. Celui-ci encourt ensuite une migration, qui conduit au produit désiré avec une sélectivité dépendant du ligand et de l'aryle utilisés. Les travaux décrits dans ce manuscrit proposent une extension de cette méthodologie aux esters aminés, qui permet d'accéder à un large spectre d'analogues de la phénylalanine, sous-structures de nombreuses molécules bioactives, en seulement deux étapes à partir d'une simple alanine benzylée. Dans la continuité de ce travail, les développements de cette réaction nous ont conduit à l'utilisation d'α-bromo carbonyles comme précurseur des énolates de palladium. Ceux-ci conduisent à la formation d'espèces α,β-insaturées et à des réactions d'addition (1,4). Par la suite, afin de mieux comprendre les différentes limitations de cette réaction de β-arylation et l'important effet de ligand, nous avons réalisé une étude mécanistique se concentrant sur l'isolement d'espèces du cycle catalytique. Enfin, dans le prolongement de la β-arylation de carbonyles, des couplages migratoires ont été explorés via une arylation de type Negishi entre des alkylzinciques, générés par insertion de zinc dans des alkyles bromés, et des aryles bromés. Cette réaction conduit à une très bonne sélectivité en faveur du produit linéaire, est applicable à de nombreux aryles mais reste à ce jour limitée au niveau de la fonctionnalisation des alkylzinciques / The direct functionalization of C-H bonds is one of the most attractive research subjects today because it constitutes an atom- and step-economical alternative to more traditional synthetic methods. In spite of the significant challenges due to the low reactivity of C-H bonds and their abundance in organic molecules, homogeneous transition metal catalysis has emerged as a powerful tool for their selective transformation. The palladium-catalyzed β-arylation of esters, recently developed in our group, takes advantage of the weakness of the C-H bond α to this group to generate a palladium enolate. The latter can be engaged into a migrative pathway, giving rise to the desired product with a selectivity depending on the aryl bromide and the ligand. The work detailed within this manuscript describes an extension of this methodology to amino esters, which gives rise in only two steps from simple benzylated alanine to a broad range of phenylalanine analogues and useful intermediates to bioactive natural molecules. Following this work, developments of this reaction have led us to consider α-bromo carbonyls as precursors of palladium enolates, leading to the formation of α,β-unsaturated species than can undergo (1,4)-addition reactions. Then, in order to better understand the limitations of our reaction, we have investigated the role of the phosphine ligand by isolating Pd complexes which model key intermediates of the catalytic cycle. Finally, running away from carbonyl compounds, migrative couplings have been explored through a Negishi-type arylation between aryl bromides and alkylzinc species, generated by zinc insertion into alkyl bromides. This reaction gives a very good selectivity in favor of the linear product and can be applied to numerous aryls, but is unfortunately limited so far to a small number of alkylzinc compounds

Page generated in 0.0799 seconds