Este trabalho examina a forma estética sob os tópicos ruptura, inovação e transformação de 5 peças no contexto de reivindicações sócio-políticas da década de 1960 nos Estados Unidos por parte de dois grupos teatrais extremamente significativos em suas propostas e atuação, a saber: o Teatro Campesino (TC), feito por e para chicanos na Califórnia, e o Black Revolutionary Theatre (BRT - Teatro Negro Revolucionário), feito por e para afro-americanos em Nova York. / This paper reviews the aesthetic form under the topics rupture, innovation and transformations in 5 plays in the context of social political demands in the 1960s in the United States by two extremely significant theatre groups concerning their goals and performance, to wit: Teatro Campesino (TC), made by and for Chicanos in California, and Black Revolutionary Theatre (BRT), made by and for Afro-Americans in New York.

Este trabalho examina a forma estética sob os tópicos ruptura, inovação e transformação de 5 peças no contexto de reivindicações sócio-políticas da década de 1960 nos Estados Unidos por parte de dois grupos teatrais extremamente significativos em suas propostas e atuação, a saber: o Teatro Campesino (TC), feito por e para chicanos na Califórnia, e o Black Revolutionary Theatre (BRT - Teatro Negro Revolucionário), feito por e para afro-americanos em Nova York. / This paper reviews the aesthetic form under the topics rupture, innovation and transformations in 5 plays in the context of social political demands in the 1960s in the United States by two extremely significant theatre groups concerning their goals and performance, to wit: Teatro Campesino (TC), made by and for Chicanos in California, and Black Revolutionary Theatre (BRT), made by and for Afro-Americans in New York.

<p>This dissertation investigates the relation between the formation of "Blackness" and the Western tradition of sovereignty through the works of late twentieth century Black Radical theorists. I most specifically examine the work of Stokely Carmichael, Amiri Baraka, Frantz Fanon, and Huey P. Newton in order to delineate a shift within Black Radicalism which, due to an intense de-linking of Black nationalism from the concept of territorial sovereignty throughout the 1960s and early 1970s led to the formation of a new subjectivity ("Blackness") oriented against and beyond the Western tradition of political sovereignty as a whole. </p><p> This dissertation begins by outlining the parameters of the concept of sovereignty as well as its relation to conquest, coloniality, and racialization more generally. I then examine the formation of Black Power as an expression of anti-colonial sentiments present within the United States and uncover there the influence of W.E.B. DuBois' concept of double-consciousness. I then further examine the concept of Black Power through the work of Amiri Baraka and his notion of "Blackness" as the proximity to "home." Each of these expositions of Black Power are undertaken in order to better understand the era of Black Power and its relation to both Black nationalism and the Western tradition of sovereignty. </p><p> Next, I turn to the work of Frantz Fanon, whom I claim prepares the way for the idea of "Blackness" as an ontological resistance beyond, not only the territorial imperative, but also the logic of sovereignty more generally. This notion of "Blackness" as an antidote to sovereign logic present within the work of Fanon allows me to turn to the work of Huey P. Newton in order to demonstrate his conceptualization of "Blackness" as an antagonistic subjectivity within a fully globalized society whose onset he had theorized and which he termed "empire." I conclude by drawing on each of the above theorists as well as the work of Angela Davis in order to build a retrospective summary of this alternative lineage of the Black Radical Tradition and its importance for the conceptualization of resistances to and life beyond our contemporary society.</p> / Dissertation

No description available.

Esta pesquisa pretende apontar a presença e a representação de elementos revolucionários nas estruturas formais das Four Black Revolutionary Plays: All Praises to the black man (Quatro Peças Revolucionárias Negras: Todos os louvores ao homem negro). Peças escritas pelo dramaturgo negro Amiri Baraka que, sobretudo nos anos sessenta, se colocou contra o establishment e produziu uma dramaturgia que pregava a valorização da cultura negra, o engajamento político e a rebeldia contra os valores do status quo branco e de parte da classe média negra norte-americana. Nossas hipóteses, aqui apresentadas, são de que a obra baraqueana é processual porque não se finda em um único período ou obra, mas guia-se por uma necessidade de mudança contínua em face dos acontecimentos históricos e sociais que o dramaturgo vivencia enquanto escreve suas peças e porque busca reescrever uma nova história e mitologia negra. Desta forma, ao procurar valorizar a negritude e os outros valores apregoados pelo movimento Black Power e pelo nacionalismo negro, Baraka desenvolve uma dramaturgia contundente que tenta abarcar as demandas da comunidade negra e que a instigue a agir coletivamente. / This paper intends to spot the presence and representation of the revolutionary elements within the formal structures of the Four Black Revolutionary Plays: All Praises to the black man. These are the plays by the black playwright Amiri Baraka who, especially in the sixties, fought against the establishment by means of plays that extolled the appreciation of the black culture, the political engagement and the defiance of the white mens status quo and also a portion of the American black middle class. Our theses provided herein say Barakas work has an ever-evolving nature as its not restricted to a single time or work; rather, it is driven by the need for the continuous change due to the social and historic events the playwright experienced at the time he wrote his plays, also seeking to rewrite a new black history and mythology. Accordingly Baraka creates groundbreaking plays intended to consider and review the black communitys condition and make it act collectively in response.

Esta pesquisa pretende apontar a presença e a representação de elementos revolucionários nas estruturas formais das Four Black Revolutionary Plays: All Praises to the black man (Quatro Peças Revolucionárias Negras: Todos os louvores ao homem negro). Peças escritas pelo dramaturgo negro Amiri Baraka que, sobretudo nos anos sessenta, se colocou contra o establishment e produziu uma dramaturgia que pregava a valorização da cultura negra, o engajamento político e a rebeldia contra os valores do status quo branco e de parte da classe média negra norte-americana. Nossas hipóteses, aqui apresentadas, são de que a obra baraqueana é processual porque não se finda em um único período ou obra, mas guia-se por uma necessidade de mudança contínua em face dos acontecimentos históricos e sociais que o dramaturgo vivencia enquanto escreve suas peças e porque busca reescrever uma nova história e mitologia negra. Desta forma, ao procurar valorizar a negritude e os outros valores apregoados pelo movimento Black Power e pelo nacionalismo negro, Baraka desenvolve uma dramaturgia contundente que tenta abarcar as demandas da comunidade negra e que a instigue a agir coletivamente. / This paper intends to spot the presence and representation of the revolutionary elements within the formal structures of the Four Black Revolutionary Plays: All Praises to the black man. These are the plays by the black playwright Amiri Baraka who, especially in the sixties, fought against the establishment by means of plays that extolled the appreciation of the black culture, the political engagement and the defiance of the white mens status quo and also a portion of the American black middle class. Our theses provided herein say Barakas work has an ever-evolving nature as its not restricted to a single time or work; rather, it is driven by the need for the continuous change due to the social and historic events the playwright experienced at the time he wrote his plays, also seeking to rewrite a new black history and mythology. Accordingly Baraka creates groundbreaking plays intended to consider and review the black communitys condition and make it act collectively in response.

This study examines auto/biographical, theoretical, critical, literary, and dramatic works by and about LeRoi Jones/Amiri Baraka, primarily focusing on the eruption of “Hate Whitey” sentiment and rhetoric that characterized a decadelong cultural nationalist phase of the henceforth selfdeclaredly Black poet-playwright’s career. As a black militant, LeRoi Jones left his white wife and other white associates in Greenwich Village, moved to Harlem, changed his name to Amiri Baraka, converted to Islam, and started the Black Arts Repertory Theatre/School. This thesis contends that Baraka’s Black Arts Movement era plays emphasize negation of the value of white women and gay men, who had formed his most intimate prior cohorts, and use extreme imagery to malign, belittle, and abjure representatives of both groups as evil, ridiculous, and disgusting archetypes in an attempt to affirm the political stance of the author and preempt doubt about his level of commitment to his chosen cause during that period. Through these plays written from the mid-1960s to mid-1970s, Baraka denies his own personal history and appears to protest too much the virtues of corrective Afrocentric relationships which his works fail to affirm as much as he condemns their alternatives. However, after the purgative effect of these revolutionary works, Baraka’s evolution arrived at a place where he could once again acknowledge and promote a diverse equality that included respect for the partners and peers he had abnegated. Conclusions of this research suggest connections between the personal implications of Baraka’s individual journey and prominent themes stressed in the broader field of identity politics.

Ma thèse de doctorat, In the Circle: Jazz Griots and the Mapping of African American Cultural History in Poetry, étudie la façon dont les poètes afro-américains des années 1960 et 1970, Langston Hughes, David Henderson, Sonia Sanchez, et Amiri Baraka, emploient le jazz afin d’ancrer leur poésie dans la tradition de performance. Ce faisant, chacun de ces poètes démontre comment la culture noire, en conceptualisant à travers la performance des modes de résistance, fût utilisée par les peuples de descendance africaine pour contrer le racisme institutionnalisé et les discours discriminatoires. Donc, pour les fins de cette thèse, je me concentre sur quatre poètes engagés dans des dialogues poétiques avec la musicologie, l’esthétique, et la politique afro-américaines des années 1960 et 1970. Ces poètes affirment la centralité de la performativité littéraire noire afin d’assurer la survie et la continuité de la mémoire culturelle collective des afro-américains. De plus, mon argument est que la théorisation de l’art afro-américain comme engagement politique devient un élément central à l’élaboration d’une esthétique noire basée sur la performance. Ma thèse de doctorat propose donc une analyse originale des ces quatre poètes qui infusent leur poèmes avec des références au jazz et à la politique dans le but de rééduquer les générations des années 2000 en ce qui concerne leur mémoire collective. / My doctoral dissertation, In the Circle: Jazz Griots and the Mapping of African American Cultural History in Poetry studies the ways in which African American poets of the 1960s and 1970s, Langston Hughes, David Henderson, Sonia Sanchez, and Amiri Baraka employ jazz in order to ground their poetry in the tradition of performance. In so doing, each poet illustrates how black expressive culture, by conceptualizing through performance modes of resistance, has historically been used by people of African descent to challenge institutionalized racism and discriminatory discourses. Therefore, for the purpose of this dissertation, I focus on four poets who engage in dialogues with and about black musicology, aesthetics, and politics of the 1960s and 1970s; they assert the centrality of literary rendition for the survival and continuance of the collective cultural memory of Black Americans. In turn, I suggest that their theorization of artistry as political engagement becomes a central element in the construction of a Black Aesthetic based on performance. In the Circle: Jazz Griots and the Mapping of African American Cultural History in Poetry thus proposes an original analysis of how the four poets infused jazz and political references in their poetics in order to re-educate later generations about a collective black memory.

This thesis is an interdisciplinary analysis of jazz music and poetry produced by African-American artists, primarily in New York, over the course of the 1960s, set within the broad context of the civil-rights and black-nationalist movements of the same period. Its principal contention is that the two forms afford each other symbiotic illumination. Close reading of jazz musicology in particular illuminates the directions taken by the literature of the period in a manner that has rarely been fully explored. By giving equal critical attention to the two artistic forms in relation to each other, the epistemological and social radicalism latent and explicit within them can more fully be understood. Through this understanding comes also a greater appreciation of the effects that the art of this period had upon the politics of civil rights and black nationalism in America - effects which permeated wider culture during a decade in which significant change was made to the legal position of African-Americans within the United States, change forced by a newly, and multiply, vocalized African-American consciousness. The thesis examines the methods by which jazz and literature contributed to the construction of new historically-constituted black subjectivities represented aurally, orally and visually. It looks at how the different techniques of each form converse with each other, and how they prompt consequential re-presentations and re cognizations of established forms from within and without their own continua. That examination is conducted primarily through forensic close readings of records made between 1960 and 1967, which though of widely differing styles nevertheless can be said to fall under the broad umbrella term of 'post-bop' jazz, alongside equally close readings of poetry written primarily by members of the New York wing of the equally broadly-termed Black Arts Movement [BAM] between 1964 and 1969.

Ma thèse de doctorat, In the Circle: Jazz Griots and the Mapping of African American Cultural History in Poetry, étudie la façon dont les poètes afro-américains des années 1960 et 1970, Langston Hughes, David Henderson, Sonia Sanchez, et Amiri Baraka, emploient le jazz afin d’ancrer leur poésie dans la tradition de performance. Ce faisant, chacun de ces poètes démontre comment la culture noire, en conceptualisant à travers la performance des modes de résistance, fût utilisée par les peuples de descendance africaine pour contrer le racisme institutionnalisé et les discours discriminatoires. Donc, pour les fins de cette thèse, je me concentre sur quatre poètes engagés dans des dialogues poétiques avec la musicologie, l’esthétique, et la politique afro-américaines des années 1960 et 1970. Ces poètes affirment la centralité de la performativité littéraire noire afin d’assurer la survie et la continuité de la mémoire culturelle collective des afro-américains. De plus, mon argument est que la théorisation de l’art afro-américain comme engagement politique devient un élément central à l’élaboration d’une esthétique noire basée sur la performance. Ma thèse de doctorat propose donc une analyse originale des ces quatre poètes qui infusent leur poèmes avec des références au jazz et à la politique dans le but de rééduquer les générations des années 2000 en ce qui concerne leur mémoire collective. / My doctoral dissertation, In the Circle: Jazz Griots and the Mapping of African American Cultural History in Poetry studies the ways in which African American poets of the 1960s and 1970s, Langston Hughes, David Henderson, Sonia Sanchez, and Amiri Baraka employ jazz in order to ground their poetry in the tradition of performance. In so doing, each poet illustrates how black expressive culture, by conceptualizing through performance modes of resistance, has historically been used by people of African descent to challenge institutionalized racism and discriminatory discourses. Therefore, for the purpose of this dissertation, I focus on four poets who engage in dialogues with and about black musicology, aesthetics, and politics of the 1960s and 1970s; they assert the centrality of literary rendition for the survival and continuance of the collective cultural memory of Black Americans. In turn, I suggest that their theorization of artistry as political engagement becomes a central element in the construction of a Black Aesthetic based on performance. In the Circle: Jazz Griots and the Mapping of African American Cultural History in Poetry thus proposes an original analysis of how the four poets infused jazz and political references in their poetics in order to re-educate later generations about a collective black memory.