Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-24T19:48:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlexFA_ate_Cap4.pdf: 3915510 bytes, checksum: 709e53f554fdeeeefb4020512e95ef8b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-07-26 / The Xar?u Oil Field, located in the center-southern portion of the Munda? Sub-Basin (eastern portion of the Cear? Basin), is characterized by a main Iramework of NW-trending and NE-dipping faults. The faults in the Xar?u Oil Field, among which the Xar?u Fautt stands out, are arranged according to an extensional-listriclan, rooted on a detachment surface corresponding to the Munda? Fault, the border fautt of Munda? Sub-Basin. During the tectonic-structural evolution of the Xar?u Oil Field and the Munda? Sub-Basin, the Munda? Fault played a crucial role on the control of the geometry of both compartments. The main carbonatic unit in the Xar?u Oil Field, named the Trair? Member(Paracuru Formation of Late Aptian to Early Albian age), contains the largest oil volume in the field, concentrated in structurally-controlled accumulations. The Trair? Member is composed by a variety of carbonatic rocks (massive, bedded or laminated calcilutites, ostracodites, calcarenites and carbonatic rudites, all of them presenting variable degrees of dolomitization). The carbonatic rocks are interbedded into thick packages of black shales and marls, besides local beds of siliciclastic conglomerates, sandstones, siltnes and argillites. From the spatial association and the genetic relationships between the carbonatic and siliciclastic units, it is possible to group them in three lithofacies associations (Marginal Plain, Ramp and Lacustrine Interior) that, together, were developed in a lacustrine system associated to a marginal sabkha. Structural studies based on drill coresthat sample the Trair? Member in the Xar?u Oil Field allowed to characterize two generations of meso- to microscale structures: the D1 group presents a typical hydroplastic character, being characterized by intra/interstratal to oblique-bedding shear zones. The hydroplastic character related to these structures allowed to infer their development at an early-lithilication stage of the Trair? Member, leading to infer an Early Cretaceous age to them. The second group of structures identified in the drill cores, nominated D2 and ascribed to a Neogene age, presents a strictly brttle character, being typilied by normal faults and slickenfibers of re-crystallized clayminerals, ali olthem displaying variable orientations. Although the present faults in the Xar?u Oil Field (and, consequently, in the Munda? Sub-Basin) were classically relerred as struetures of essentially normal displacement, the kinematics analysis of the meso-to microscaie D1 struetures in the drill cores led to deline oblique displacements (normal with a clockwise strike-slip component) to these faults, indicating a main tectonic transport to ENE. These oblique movements would be responsible for the installation of a transtensive context in the Munda? Sub-Basin, as part of the transcurrent to translormant opening of the Atlantic Equatorial Margin. The balancing of four struetural cross-sections ofthe Xar?u Oil Field indicates that the Munda? Fault was responsible for more than 50% of the total stretching (? factor) registered during the Early Aptian. At the initial stages of the "rifting", during Early Aptianuntil the Holocene, the Munda? Sub-Basin (and consequently the Xar?u Oil Fleld) accumulated a total stretching between 1.21 and 1.23; in other words, the crust in this segment of the Atlantic Equatorial Margin was subjeeted to an elongation of about 20%. From estimates of oblique displacements related to the faults, it ws possible to construct diagrams that allow the determination of stretching factors related to these displacements. Using these diagrams and assuming the sense 01 dominant teetonictransport towards ENE, it was possible to calculate the real stretching lactors related to the oblique movement 0 of the faults in the Munda? Sub-Basin. which reached actual values between 1.28 and 1.42. ln addnion to the tectonic-structural studies in the Xar?u Oil Field, the interpretation of remote sensing products, coupled wnh characterization of terrain analogues in seleeted areas along the northern Cear? State (continental margins of the Cear? and Potiguar basins), provided addnional data and constraints about the teetonic-structural evolution of the oil lield. The work at the analogue sites was particularly effective in the recognition and mapping, in semidetail scale, several generations of struetures originated under a brittle regime. Ali the obtained information (from the Xar?u Oil Field, the remote sensor data and the terrain analogues) were jointly interpreted, culminating with the proposnion of an evolutionary model lor this segment of the Atlantic Equatorial Margin; this model that can be applied to the whole Margin, as well. This segmentof the Atlantic Equatorial Margin was delormedin an early E-W (when considered lhe present-day position of the South American Plate) transcurrent to transform regime with dextral kinematics, started Irom, at least, the Early Aptian, which left its record in several outcrops along the continental margin of the Cear? State and specilically in the Xar?u off Field. The continuous operation of the regime, through the Albian and later periods, led to the definitive separation between the South American and African plates, with the formation of oceanic lithosphere between the two continental blocks, due to the emplacement off spreading centers. This process involved the subsequent transition of the transcurrent to a translorm dextral regime, creating lhe Equatorial Atlantic Oceano With the separation between the South American and African plates already completed and the increasing separation between lhe continental masses, other tecton ic mechanisms began to act during the Cenozoic (even though the Cretaceous tectonic regime lasted until the Neogene), like an E-W compressive stress l?eld (related to the spreading olthe oceanic floor along lhe M id-Atlantic Ridge and to the compression of the Andean Chain) effective Irom the Late Cretaceous, and a state of general extension olthe horizontal surface (due to the thermal uplift ofthe central portion of Borborema Province), effective during the Neogene. The overlap of these mechanisms during the Cenozoic led to the imprint of a complex tectonic framework, which apparently influenced the migration and entrapment 01 hydrocarbon in the Cear? Basin

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:08:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonardoM_Introducao_ate_Cap2_red.pdf: 1174384 bytes, checksum: a90a87be70908f6eab810fe10c3ae8fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-11-30 / In the current work are presented the results about the study of digital mapping of analogs referents the fluvial oil reservoirs in the A?u Formation. With the regional recognizing in the south corner of Potiguar Basin was selected a area of 150 Km square in the west of Assu city. In this area was chosen the outcrops for the digital mapping and from the data fields and remote sensors were done the depositional architectural for the fluvial deposits, which it was named coarse meandering fluvial systems. In the deposits were individualized 3 (three) fluvial cycles, which they was separated by bounding surface of fifth order. Such cycles are preferentially sandy, with fining-upward sequence finished in flood plain deposits. Inner of the sandy levels of the filling channels were characterized least cycles, normaly incomplete, constituted by braided sandy bodies and bounding surfaces of fourth order. In the mapped area was chosen a outcrop with great exposition, where it was possible to see tipical deposits of filling channel and was in this outcrop that was done the digital mapping. In this outcrop was used diverse technics and tools, which they integrated sedimentological, altimetric (GPS, Total Station), LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), digital photomosaic of high resolution and of the inner geometries (Ground Penetration Radar) data sets. For the integrating, interpretation and visualization of data was used software GoCAD?. The final product of the outcrop digital mapping was the photorealistic model of part of the cliff (or slope) because the observed reflectors in the radargrams were absents. A part of bar oblique accretion was modeled according to GPR gride of 200x200 meters in the alluvial Assu river probable recent analog. With the data of inner geometries was developed the three-dimentional sedimentary architectural, where it was possible characterize sand sheet deposits and many hierarchy of braided channels. At last, simulations of sedimentary geometries and architectures of the Potiguar Basin Fluvial Reservoirs were done with PetBool software, in order to understand the capacity of this program in simulations with a lot of numbers of conditioning wells. In total, 45 simulations was acquired, where the time and the channel numbers increase in relation of the conditioning wells quantity. The deformation of the meanders was detected from the change of simulated dominion dimensions. The presence of this problem was because the relationship between the simulated dominion and the width of the meander / Nesta disserta??o s?o apresentados os resultados referentes ao estudo de mapeamento digital de an?logos a reservat?rios petrol?feros fluviais da Forma??o A?u. Com base no reconhecimento regional na borda sul da Bacia Potiguar foi selecionada uma ?rea de 150 km2 a oeste da cidade de Assu onde foram escolhidos os afloramentos para o mapeamento digital. Nesta ?rea a partir de dados de campo e de sensores remotos foi montada a arquitetura deposicional para os dep?sitos fluviais, onde foi interpretado um sistema fluvial meandrante de granulometria grossa. Nos dep?sitos foram individualizados 3 ciclos fluviais, separados por superf?cies limitantes de 5a ordem. Tais ciclos s?o predominantemente arenosos, com granodecresc?ncia ascendente, culminando em dep?sitos de plan?cie de inunda??o. Internamente aos n?veis arenosos de preenchimento de canal foram caracterizados ciclos menores, normalmente incompletos, formados por corpos predominantemente arenosos, amalgamados e limitados por superf?cies de 4a ordem. Na ?rea mapeada foi escolhido um afloramento com grande exposi??o em corte, representado por t?picos dep?sitos de preenchimento de canal, onde foi realizado o mapeamento digital. Neste afloramento foram empregadas diferentes t?cnicas e ferramentas, integrando dados sedimentol?gicos, altim?tricos (Esta??o Total, GPS), LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), fotomosaicos digitais de alta resolu??o e de geometria interna (Ground Penetrating Radar). A integra??o, interpreta??o e visualiza??o dos dados foi realizada no programa GoCad?. Devido ? aus?ncia de refletores observada nos radargramas, o produto final no mapeamento digital do afloramento foi o modelo fotoreal?stico de parte da escarpa do afloramento. Foi modelado tamb?m parte de uma barra de acres??o obl?qua, segundo uma malha de GPR de 200x200 m no aluvi?o do Rio Assu, suposto an?logo recente. Com os dados da geometria interna foi montada a arquitetura sedimentar tridimensional, onde foram caracterizados um dep?sito em len?ol (sand sheet) e v?rias hierarquias de canais amalgamados. Por fim, foram realizadas simula??es da geometria e arquitetura sedimentar de um reservat?rio fluvial da Bacia Potiguar com o programa PetBool, com objetivo de avaliar o desempenho deste software em simula??es com grande n?mero de po?os condicionantes. Foram gerados no total 45 simula??es, o tempo gasto e o n?mero de canais gerados nestas aumentavam em fun??o da quantidade de po?os condicionantes. Foi detectada a deforma??o dos meandros a partir da mudan?a das dimens?es do dom?nio simulado, a ocorr?ncia deste problema foi devido ? rela??o direta entre o dom?nio simulado e o comprimento do meandro

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:08:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HugoCBBM_Pag_01_ate_39.pdf: 2186297 bytes, checksum: 50eee43ecd70d5922a46c8062df5dbe6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-12-08 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / It is presented an integrated geophysical investigation of the spatial distribution of faults and deformation bands (DB?s) in a faulted siliciclastic reservoir analogue, located in Tucano Basin, Bahia State, northeastern Brazil. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and permeability measurements allowed the analysis of the influence of DB?s in the rock permeability and porosity. GPR data were processed using a suitable flow parametrization in order to highlight discontinuities in sedimentary layers. The obtained images allowed the subsurface detection of DB?s presenting displacements greater that 10 cm. A good correlation was verified between DB?s detected by GPR and those observed in surface, the latter identified using conventional structural methods. After some adaptations in the minipermeameter in order to increase measurement precision, two approaches to measure permeabilities were tested: in situ and in collected cores. The former approach provided better results than the latter and consisted of scratching the outcrop surface, followed by direct measurements on outcrop rocks. The measured permeability profiles allowed to characterize the spatial transition from DB?s to undeformed rock; variation of up to three orders of magnitude were detected. The permeability profiles also presented quasi-periodic patterns, associated with textural and granulometric changes, possibly associated to depositional cycles. Integrated interpretation of the geological, geophysical and core data, provided the subsurface identification of an increase in the DB?s number associated with a sedimentary layer presenting granulometric decrease at depths greater than 8 m. An associated sharp decrease in permeability was also measured in cores from boreholes. The obtained results reveal that radagrams, besides providing high resolution images, allowing the detection of small structures (> 10 cm), also presented a correlation with the permeability data. In this way, GPR data may be used to build upscaling laws, bridging the gap between outcrop and seismic data sets, which may result in better models for faulted reservoirs / O presente trabalho apresenta a utiliza??o integrada de t?cnicas geof?sicas para investigar a distribui??o espacial de falhas e bandas de deforma??o (BD`s) em afloramentos an?logos de reservat?rios silicicl?sticos na Bacia do Tucano no Estado da Bahia, nordeste do Brasil. Foram utilizadas as ferramentas geof?sicas de Radar Penetrante no Solo (GPR) e miniperme?metro, em estudos integrados com a geologia estrutural, com o intuito de analisar o impacto causado pelas BD?s nas condi??es permo-porosas da rocha. Os dados de GPR foram processados utilizando uma parametriza??o adequada para real?ar descontinuidades nas camadas sedimentares. Esta parametriza??o possibilitou a detec??o, em subsuperf?cie, das BD s que apresentam rejeitos maiores que 10 cm. Uma boa correla??o foi verificada entre as BD?s detectadas pelo GPR e BD?s identificadas em superf?cie usando fotos a?reas de pequeno formato e mapas estruturais de detalhe da ?rea investigada. Ap?s adapta??es no miniperme?metro, que possibilitaram melhor precis?o nas medidas, foram testadas duas metodologias de medi??o de permeabilidade: in situ e em amostras ou testemunhos. A metodologia que forneceu melhor resultado foi a primeira, que consiste de raspagem do afloramento seguida da medi??o nos locais raspados. Os perfis de permeabilidade obtidos permitiram caracterizar a transi??o entre BD?s e rocha s?; varia??es de at? tr?s ordens de grandeza foram verificadas. Tamb?m foram identificados nos perfis de permeabilidade padr?es aproximadamente peri?dicos, associados com diminui??es granulom?tricas e texturais em algumas f?cies sedimentares, possivelmente ligados a ciclos deposicionais. A interpreta??o conjunta dos dados geol?gicos, geof?sicos e de po?os rasos, proporcionou a identifica??o, em subsuperf?cie, de um aumento do n?mero de BD`s e uma diminui??o granulom?trica, a partir de 8 m de profundidade. Esta mudan?a est? associada com uma brusca diminui??o da permeabilidade a partir desta profundidade, que foi confirmada em medi??es realizadas em testemunhos extra?dos de po?os. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que as se??es de GPR, al?m de proporcionarem imagens de alta resolu??o, detectando estruturas decacentim?tricas, tamb?m apresentaram correla??o com os dados de permeabilidade. Potencialmente, o GPR pode ser usado na composi??o de leis de escala, servindo de liga??o entre dados de afloramento e dados s?smicos convencionais, auxiliando no entendimento do impacto de falhas, fraturas e BD`s nas condi??es permo-porosas de um reservat?rio de petr?leo