A Margem Equatorial Brasileira (MEB) é uma área de extrema importância para os estudos paleoceanográficos e paleoclimáticos do Atlântico Equatorial, mas que ainda possui um vasto campo para pesquisa. Este trabalho visa aprimorar a compreensão desta importante região, fornecendo uma interpretação paleoceanográfica para a evolução sedimentar das Bacias do Ceará e de Barreirinhas no Cenozoico, a partir de uma análise sismoestratigráfica. Foram analisadas linhas de sísmica multicanal e informações de poços de exploração petrolífera para a construção de um modelo de evolução deposicional para as duas bacias. Este modelo foi criado a partir da análise dos registros sísmicos e de técnicas de sismoestratigrafia e mapeamento de horizontes. Como resultados, identificaram-se cinco marcadores cronoestratigráficos e definiram-se duas fases distintas: (1) o Paleógeno e (2) o Neógeno + Quaternário. Durante o Paleógeno, a sedimentação passa a ter maior influência oceânica, com a sedimentação de desenvolvendo em um clima quente e úmido, e ainda controlada por uma circulação de superfície e de fundo ainda muito restritas. Durante o Neógeno e Quaternário, a Corrente Norte do Brasil (CNB) e a Corrente de Contorno Oeste Profunda passaram a atuar efetivamente na MEB, remobilizando os sedimentos e erodindo os depósitos de águas profundas. Durante este período, foi também possível identificar o efeito das variações climáticas no aporte sedimentar nas bacias e na circulação, principalmente com enfraquecimento da CNB e da Célula de Revolvimento Meridional do Atlântico. / The Brazilian Equatorial Margin (BEM) is an area of extreme importance for the paloceanography and paleoclimatology of the South Atlantic although still with a wide field for research. The scope of this work is improve the comprehension of this important region, with the paleoceanographic interpretation for the sedimentary evolution of the Ceará and Barreirinhas basins in the Cenozoic through a seismic stratigraphic approach. Multichannel seismic lines and bore hole geophysical data were analyzed to the construction of a depositional model for both basins. This model was created using seismic stratigraphy and horizon mapping techniques. As results, five chronostratigraphical markers were identified and two distinct phases defined: (1) Paleogene and (2) Neogene + Quaternary. During the Paleogene, the sedimentation became more controlled by marine influence, developing in a time of warm and humid climate and surface and bottom currents still incipient. During the Neogene and Quaternary, the North Brazil Current (NBC) and the Deep Western Boundary Current became more important in the sediment transport, erosion and rework in the BEM. During this period, it was also possible to identify the climatic changes effect on the sediment supply for both basins, and also the paleocirculation variations, especially with the weakening of the NBC and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation.

A Margem Equatorial Brasileira (MEB) é uma área de extrema importância para os estudos paleoceanográficos e paleoclimáticos do Atlântico Equatorial, mas que ainda possui um vasto campo para pesquisa. Este trabalho visa aprimorar a compreensão desta importante região, fornecendo uma interpretação paleoceanográfica para a evolução sedimentar das Bacias do Ceará e de Barreirinhas no Cenozoico, a partir de uma análise sismoestratigráfica. Foram analisadas linhas de sísmica multicanal e informações de poços de exploração petrolífera para a construção de um modelo de evolução deposicional para as duas bacias. Este modelo foi criado a partir da análise dos registros sísmicos e de técnicas de sismoestratigrafia e mapeamento de horizontes. Como resultados, identificaram-se cinco marcadores cronoestratigráficos e definiram-se duas fases distintas: (1) o Paleógeno e (2) o Neógeno + Quaternário. Durante o Paleógeno, a sedimentação passa a ter maior influência oceânica, com a sedimentação de desenvolvendo em um clima quente e úmido, e ainda controlada por uma circulação de superfície e de fundo ainda muito restritas. Durante o Neógeno e Quaternário, a Corrente Norte do Brasil (CNB) e a Corrente de Contorno Oeste Profunda passaram a atuar efetivamente na MEB, remobilizando os sedimentos e erodindo os depósitos de águas profundas. Durante este período, foi também possível identificar o efeito das variações climáticas no aporte sedimentar nas bacias e na circulação, principalmente com enfraquecimento da CNB e da Célula de Revolvimento Meridional do Atlântico. / The Brazilian Equatorial Margin (BEM) is an area of extreme importance for the paloceanography and paleoclimatology of the South Atlantic although still with a wide field for research. The scope of this work is improve the comprehension of this important region, with the paleoceanographic interpretation for the sedimentary evolution of the Ceará and Barreirinhas basins in the Cenozoic through a seismic stratigraphic approach. Multichannel seismic lines and bore hole geophysical data were analyzed to the construction of a depositional model for both basins. This model was created using seismic stratigraphy and horizon mapping techniques. As results, five chronostratigraphical markers were identified and two distinct phases defined: (1) Paleogene and (2) Neogene + Quaternary. During the Paleogene, the sedimentation became more controlled by marine influence, developing in a time of warm and humid climate and surface and bottom currents still incipient. During the Neogene and Quaternary, the North Brazil Current (NBC) and the Deep Western Boundary Current became more important in the sediment transport, erosion and rework in the BEM. During this period, it was also possible to identify the climatic changes effect on the sediment supply for both basins, and also the paleocirculation variations, especially with the weakening of the NBC and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-24T19:48:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlexFA_ate_Cap4.pdf: 3915510 bytes, checksum: 709e53f554fdeeeefb4020512e95ef8b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-07-26 / The Xar?u Oil Field, located in the center-southern portion of the Munda? Sub-Basin (eastern portion of the Cear? Basin), is characterized by a main Iramework of NW-trending and NE-dipping faults. The faults in the Xar?u Oil Field, among which the Xar?u Fautt stands out, are arranged according to an extensional-listriclan, rooted on a detachment surface corresponding to the Munda? Fault, the border fautt of Munda? Sub-Basin. During the tectonic-structural evolution of the Xar?u Oil Field and the Munda? Sub-Basin, the Munda? Fault played a crucial role on the control of the geometry of both compartments. The main carbonatic unit in the Xar?u Oil Field, named the Trair? Member(Paracuru Formation of Late Aptian to Early Albian age), contains the largest oil volume in the field, concentrated in structurally-controlled accumulations. The Trair? Member is composed by a variety of carbonatic rocks (massive, bedded or laminated calcilutites, ostracodites, calcarenites and carbonatic rudites, all of them presenting variable degrees of dolomitization). The carbonatic rocks are interbedded into thick packages of black shales and marls, besides local beds of siliciclastic conglomerates, sandstones, siltnes and argillites. From the spatial association and the genetic relationships between the carbonatic and siliciclastic units, it is possible to group them in three lithofacies associations (Marginal Plain, Ramp and Lacustrine Interior) that, together, were developed in a lacustrine system associated to a marginal sabkha. Structural studies based on drill coresthat sample the Trair? Member in the Xar?u Oil Field allowed to characterize two generations of meso- to microscale structures: the D1 group presents a typical hydroplastic character, being characterized by intra/interstratal to oblique-bedding shear zones. The hydroplastic character related to these structures allowed to infer their development at an early-lithilication stage of the Trair? Member, leading to infer an Early Cretaceous age to them. The second group of structures identified in the drill cores, nominated D2 and ascribed to a Neogene age, presents a strictly brttle character, being typilied by normal faults and slickenfibers of re-crystallized clayminerals, ali olthem displaying variable orientations. Although the present faults in the Xar?u Oil Field (and, consequently, in the Munda? Sub-Basin) were classically relerred as struetures of essentially normal displacement, the kinematics analysis of the meso-to microscaie D1 struetures in the drill cores led to deline oblique displacements (normal with a clockwise strike-slip component) to these faults, indicating a main tectonic transport to ENE. These oblique movements would be responsible for the installation of a transtensive context in the Munda? Sub-Basin, as part of the transcurrent to translormant opening of the Atlantic Equatorial Margin. The balancing of four struetural cross-sections ofthe Xar?u Oil Field indicates that the Munda? Fault was responsible for more than 50% of the total stretching (? factor) registered during the Early Aptian. At the initial stages of the "rifting", during Early Aptianuntil the Holocene, the Munda? Sub-Basin (and consequently the Xar?u Oil Fleld) accumulated a total stretching between 1.21 and 1.23; in other words, the crust in this segment of the Atlantic Equatorial Margin was subjeeted to an elongation of about 20%. From estimates of oblique displacements related to the faults, it ws possible to construct diagrams that allow the determination of stretching factors related to these displacements. Using these diagrams and assuming the sense 01 dominant teetonictransport towards ENE, it was possible to calculate the real stretching lactors related to the oblique movement 0 of the faults in the Munda? Sub-Basin. which reached actual values between 1.28 and 1.42. ln addnion to the tectonic-structural studies in the Xar?u Oil Field, the interpretation of remote sensing products, coupled wnh characterization of terrain analogues in seleeted areas along the northern Cear? State (continental margins of the Cear? and Potiguar basins), provided addnional data and constraints about the teetonic-structural evolution of the oil lield. The work at the analogue sites was particularly effective in the recognition and mapping, in semidetail scale, several generations of struetures originated under a brittle regime. Ali the obtained information (from the Xar?u Oil Field, the remote sensor data and the terrain analogues) were jointly interpreted, culminating with the proposnion of an evolutionary model lor this segment of the Atlantic Equatorial Margin; this model that can be applied to the whole Margin, as well. This segmentof the Atlantic Equatorial Margin was delormedin an early E-W (when considered lhe present-day position of the South American Plate) transcurrent to transform regime with dextral kinematics, started Irom, at least, the Early Aptian, which left its record in several outcrops along the continental margin of the Cear? State and specilically in the Xar?u off Field. The continuous operation of the regime, through the Albian and later periods, led to the definitive separation between the South American and African plates, with the formation of oceanic lithosphere between the two continental blocks, due to the emplacement off spreading centers. This process involved the subsequent transition of the transcurrent to a translorm dextral regime, creating lhe Equatorial Atlantic Oceano With the separation between the South American and African plates already completed and the increasing separation between lhe continental masses, other tecton ic mechanisms began to act during the Cenozoic (even though the Cretaceous tectonic regime lasted until the Neogene), like an E-W compressive stress l?eld (related to the spreading olthe oceanic floor along lhe M id-Atlantic Ridge and to the compression of the Andean Chain) effective Irom the Late Cretaceous, and a state of general extension olthe horizontal surface (due to the thermal uplift ofthe central portion of Borborema Province), effective during the Neogene. The overlap of these mechanisms during the Cenozoic led to the imprint of a complex tectonic framework, which apparently influenced the migration and entrapment 01 hydrocarbon in the Cear? Basin

Submitted by Automação e Estatística (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-05-02T23:48:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JoaoFernandoPezzaAndrade_DISSERT.pdf: 5659320 bytes, checksum: 176ff7bf92ad2e6882cac266188cdb11 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-05-08T19:23:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JoaoFernandoPezzaAndrade_DISSERT.pdf: 5659320 bytes, checksum: 176ff7bf92ad2e6882cac266188cdb11 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-08T19:23:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoaoFernandoPezzaAndrade_DISSERT.pdf: 5659320 bytes, checksum: 176ff7bf92ad2e6882cac266188cdb11 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Um Alto Marginal é uma feição morfo-estratigráfica proeminente associada à extremidade de uma Zona de Fratura Oceânica. A evolução de segmentos cisalhantes e divergentes de uma margem transformante controla a geração dos altos marginais. O Terraço Ceará (TC) é um alto marginal do limite oeste Zona de Fratura Romanche (ZFR) com a Margem Equatorial Brasileira. O alto marginal correspondente no lado oposto da ZFR é o Ivory-Coast Ghana Ridge (ICGR), na margem continental africana. Foram investigadas as influências tectônicas de estruturas continentais e oceânicas na formação do TC e as diferenças entre o TC e ICGR. Os dados analisados consistem em 2000 km de linhas sísmicas 2D cruzadas (paralelas e transversais a linha de costa) no TC e RFZ e 4 poços exploratórios localizados em águas profundas da Bacia Ceará. A morfologia em superfície do TC apresenta uma crista assimétrica possuindo a lateral norte alinhada com a ZFR gerando diferenças batimétricas de 850 m. A morfologia em sub-superfície é representada por um alto marginal fóssil composto pela Sequencia Rifte. O alto marginal fóssil é limitado a sudeste por dois meio-grabéns associados à reativação de zonas de fraqueza preexistente do Lineamento Transbrasiliano. Essa estrutura foi soterrada pela Sequência Drifte a qual foi dividida em três unidades sedimentares: U1 (folhelho), U2 (carbonatos intercalados com folhelhos e finas camadas esparsas de arenito) e U3 (carbonato e folhelho). O alto marginal fóssil se localiza perto de um monte submarino associado a importantes eventos magmáticos no Oligoceno. Os altos marginais, CT e ICGR, são resultados de uma transpressão no Albiano Superior – Cenomaniano, soerguimento flexural causado por erosão e troca de calor com centro de espalhamento oceânico. / A Marginal Ridge is a prominent morph-structural feature associated with an extremity of a Fracture Zone. The evolution of rifted and sheared margin segments might control the formation of marginal ridges. The Ceará Terrace (CT) is a marginal ridge at the western limit of the Romanche Fracture Zone (RFZ) in the Brazilian Equatorial Margin. The corresponding opposite end of the RFZ is the Ivory-Coast Ghana ridge, in the eastern African continental margin. We investigate the tectonic influences of continental and oceanic structures on the CT formation and the differences between CT and Ivory-Coast Ghana ridges. Our data consist of 1000 km of 2D seismic lines crossing (parallel and transverse to the continental margin) the CT and the RFZ, and 4 exploratory wells located in deep waters of Ceará Basin. The CT morphology on surface displays an asymmetric ridge; the north slope is aligned to the RFZ, which is related to a bathymetric step at ~850 m. Morphology on subsurface is represented by a fossil ridge similar to the actual relief of CT compound by Rift-Sequence. The fossil ridge is bounded at southeast by two half-grabens associated to reactivation of preexisting tectonic weakness related to the Transbrasiliano Lineament. This structure was buried by Drift Sequence which was divided in three sedimentary units: U1 (shale), U2 (carbonate interfingered with shale and sandstone) and U3 (carbonate and shale). The fossil ridge locates near to a seamount associated to important magmatic events in Oligocene. Both CT ridges associated to RFZ resulted of the Late Albian to Cenomanian transpression, flexural uplift due erosion and thermal exchanges with oceanic spread center.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-07-25T19:35:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ClaudeteRodriguesDeSouza_DISSERT.pdf: 7248197 bytes, checksum: 517f3832b2c0793432a194051a3ea304 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-07-28T22:35:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ClaudeteRodriguesDeSouza_DISSERT.pdf: 7248197 bytes, checksum: 517f3832b2c0793432a194051a3ea304 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-28T22:35:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ClaudeteRodriguesDeSouza_DISSERT.pdf: 7248197 bytes, checksum: 517f3832b2c0793432a194051a3ea304 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-03 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Este estudo foi desenvolvido em uma ?rea localizada na plataforma externa da Bacia Potiguar, margem equatorial brasileira. A amostragem de sedimentos foi realizada em tr?s campanhas, em torno de um po?o explorat?rio, para comparar as propriedades dos sedimentos do fundo marinho, incluindo granulometria, composi??o, conte?do de carbonato e mat?ria org?nica, anterior a perfura??o do po?o, com amostras coletadas 3 e 12 meses ap?s a perfura??o. O planejamento amostral utilizou 16 esta??es localizadas em 4 radiais distantes 50 m, 100 m, 250 m e 500 m do po?o. Os sedimentos foram analisados nas camadas 0-2 cm e 0-10 cm. Os resultados mostraram que a cobertura sedimentar em torno do po?o era pobre a muito pobremente selecionada, com granulometria predominante na fra??o areia grossa com granulo e cascalho, seguida por cascalho e lama. O conte?do de carbonato de c?lcio foi maior que 96%, associado a sedimentos biocl?ticos, e o conte?do de mat?ria org?nica foi menor que 12%. Apenas pequenas varia??es sedimentol?gicas ocorreram na ?rea afetada pelas opera??es de perfura??o. A principal diferen?a foi observada em amostras da segunda campanha, em termos de uma mudan?a na distribui??o granulom?trica associada a um aumento no conte?do de sedimentos silicicl?sticos. Este impacto ocorreu nos sedimentos mais superficias (0-2 cm), no raio mais pr?ximo ao po?o (50 m), e poderia sugerir o efeito da perfura??o. Entretanto, os sedimentos coletados na campanha 3, um ano ap?s a perfura??o, voltaram a apresentar as mesmas caracter?sticas da primeira campanha. Estes resultados indicam que n?o houve varia??es sedimentol?gicas significantes devido a atividade de perfura??o, e que a din?mica oce?nica na ?rea de estudo foi forte o suficiente para recuperar as caracter?sticas originais do ambiente. ABSTRACT This study was developed in an area located on the outer shelf in the Potiguar Basin, Brazilian equatorial margin; this tropical shelf represents a modern, highly dynamic mixed carbonate-siliciclastic system. Field sampling was carried out during 3 cruises surrounding a shallow-water exploratory well to compare sediment properties of the seafloor, including grain-size, texture, mineral composition, carbonate content, and organic matter, prior to drilling with samples obtained 3 and 12 months after drilling. The sample grid used had 16 stations located along 4 radials from 50 m the well up to a distance of 500 m. Sediments were analyzed in the first 0-2 cm, and 0-10 cm layers. The results show that sedimentary cover around the well is poor to very poorly sorted, with the particle size predominantly in the medium to coarse sand fraction, followed by gravel and mud. The content of calcium carbonate is greater than 96%, associated to bioclastic sediments, and the content of organic matter is less than 12%. Only minor sedimentological variations occured ?in the area affected by drilling operations. The most noticeable effects were observed during the second cruise, in terms of a change in grain size distribution associated to an increase in siliciclastic content, This impact occurred in the most surficial sediment (0-2 cm), in the radial closest to the well (50 m), and could suggest the effects of drilling. However, in the third cruise, one year after drilling, the sediments return to show the same characteristics as in the first cruise. These results show no significant sedimentological variations due to drilling activity, and indicate that ocean dynamics in this area was high enough to recover the environment original characteristics. / This study was developed in an area located on the outer shelf in the Potiguar Basin, Brazilian equatorial margin; this tropical shelf represents a modern, highly dynamic mixed carbonate-siliciclastic system. Field sampling was carried out during 3 cruises surrounding a shallow-water exploratory well to compare sediment properties of the seafloor, including grainsize, texture, mineral composition, carbonate content, and organic matter. Cruise 1 (C1) was carried prior to drilling, while Cruise 2(C2) and 3 (C3) respectivelly 3 and 12 months after drilling. The sample grid used had 16 stations located along 4 radials from 50 m the well up to a distance of 500 m. Sediments were analyzed in the first 0-2 cm, and 0-10 cm layers. The results show that sedimentary cover around the well is poor to very poorly sorted, with the particle size predominantly in the medium to coarse sand fraction, followed by gravel and mud. The content of calcium carbonate is greater than 96%, associated to bioclastic sediments, and the content of organic matter is less than 12%. Only minor sedimentological variations occured in the area affected by drilling operations. Mainly observed during the second cruise, in terms of a change in grain size distribution associated to an increase in siliciclastic content, This impact occurred in the most surficial sediment (0-2 cm), in the radial closest to the well (50 m), and could suggest the effects of drilling. However, in the third cruise, one year after drilling, the sediments return to show the same characteristics as in the first cruise. These results show no significant sedimentological variations due to drilling activity, and indicate that ocean dynamics in this area was high enough to recover the environment original characteristics.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-10-04T19:45:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JulianaAparecidaGoncalvesLopes_DISSERT.pdf: 6908423 bytes, checksum: adf870a414cc76ebcff90a78b5a86557 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-10-10T23:17:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JulianaAparecidaGoncalvesLopes_DISSERT.pdf: 6908423 bytes, checksum: adf870a414cc76ebcff90a78b5a86557 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-10T23:17:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JulianaAparecidaGoncalvesLopes_DISSERT.pdf: 6908423 bytes, checksum: adf870a414cc76ebcff90a78b5a86557 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-01 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / A an?lise quantitativa da subsid?ncia tect?nica contribui para identifica??o dos mecanismos que formam as bacias sedimentares, uma vez que a configura??o tect?nica desempenha uma fun??o principal na evolu??o destas bacias. A Bacia Potiguar, localizada na Margem Equatorial Brasileira, apresenta sua evolu??o relacionada a processos de rifteamento complexos, implementados durante a abertura do Oceano Atl?ntico no Jur?ssico/Cret?ceo. Esses processos foram respons?veis pelo desenvolvimento de um rifte emerso abortado, e um rifte submerso, que evoluiu at? a ruptura crustal e forma??o da margem continental transformante. N?s aplicamos a t?cnica de backstripping para quantificar a subsid?ncia tect?nica durante as fases rifte e p?s-rifte da Bacia Potiguar, e analisar a varia??o espacial da subsid?ncia durante os dois eventos tect?nicos, sucessivos e distintos, respons?veis pela evolu??o da bacia. Os par?metros necess?rios para aplica??o desta metodologia foram obtidos por meio de linhas s?smicas 2D e dados de po?os explorat?rios. As curvas de subsid?ncia tect?nica apresentam per?odos com taxas de subsid?ncia moderadas (at? 300 m/Ma), que correspondem a evolu??o do Rifte Potiguar emerso (~141 a 128 Ma). A partir de 128 at? 118 Ma, as curvas apresentam taxas de subsid?ncia nulas para o rifte emerso, enquanto que, altas taxas de subsid?ncia tect?nica (acima de 300 m/Ma) foram registradas no rifte submerso. Durante a fase p?s-rifte, que ocorre a partir de 118 Ma, as taxas de subsid?ncia tect?nica diminu?ram exponencialmente para valores menores que 35 m/Ma, provavelmente relacionadas ? subsid?ncia termal. As taxas de subsid?ncia tect?nica nos v?rios setores do Rifte Potiguar durante as diferentes fases de rifteamento indicam falhamentos mais intensos na parte sul da falha de Carnaubais, ao longo das principais falhas de borda, e na regi?o sudeste do rifte submerso. Durante a fase p?s-rifte, as taxas de subsid?ncia tect?nica aumentam da por??o emersa para a submersa at? a regi?o da quebra da plataforma. As taxas mais altas de subsid?ncia do p?s-rifte (at? 35 m/Ma) est?o concentradas na regi?o central da por??o submersa, e podem estar relacionadas a processos litosf?ricos relacionados ? ruptura da crosta continental e espalhamento oce?nico. A varia??o nas taxas de subsid?ncia e no padr?o das curvas de subsid?ncia nos permitiu interpretar a assinatura tect?nica registrada pelas sequ?ncias sedimentares da Bacia Potiguar durante sua evolu??o. No rifte emerso, as curvas apresentaram taxas de subsid?ncia de at? 300m/Ma durante uma longa fase de rifteamento (13 Ma), o que confirmou o desempenho de um regime distensional nesta por??o. No rifte submerso, as curvas apresentaram taxas de subsid?ncia acima de 300 m/Ma em um intervalo de tempo mais curto (5 a 10 Ma), t?picas de bacias formadas por um regime transtensional. / The quantitative analysis of the tectonic subsidence sheds light on basin-forming mechanisms, since tectonic plate motions play the main role in the genesis of sedimentary basins. The Potiguar Basin, located in the Brazilian Equatorial Margin, presents an evolution related to a complex rifting process, implemented during the Atlantic Ocean opening in the Jurassic/Cretaceous. Different driving mechanisms were responsible for the onset of an aborted onshore rift and an offshore rift, which evolved to crustal rupture and formation of a continental transform margin. Therefore, we applied the backstripping method to quantify the tectonic subsidence during the rift and post-rift phases of the Potiguar Basin and to analyze the spatial variation of subsidence during the two successive and distinct tectonic events responsible for the basin evolution. The parameters required to apply this methodology were extracted from 2D seismic lines and exploratory well data. The tectonic subsidence curves present periods with moderate subsidence rates (up to 300 m/My), which correspond to the evolution of the onshore Potiguar Rift (~141 to 128 Ma). From 128 to 118 Ma, the curves show null subsidence rates in the onshore Potiguar Basin, whereas high subsidence rates (over 300 m/My) occurred in the offshore rift. The post-rift phase had begun at ca. 118 Ma (Aptian), when the tectonic subsidence drastically slowed down to less than 35 m/My, probably related to thermal subsidence. The tectonic subsidence rates in the various sectors of the Potiguar Rift during the different rift phases indicate more intense faulting in the southern portion of the onshore rift, along the main border faults, and in the southeastern portion of the offshore rift. During the post-rift phase, the tectonic subsidence rates increased from onshore to the offshore portion until the continental slope. The highest rates of post-rift subsidence (up to 35 m/My) are concentrated in the central region of the offshore portion, and may be related to lithospheric processes related to the continental crust rupture and oceanic seafloor spreading. The variation in subsidence rates and the pattern of subsidence curves allowed us to interpret the tectonic signature recorded by the sedimentary sequences of the Potiguar Basin during its evolution. In the onshore rift, the curves presented subsidence rates up to 300 m/My during a long-term rift phase (13 Ma), which confirmed an extensional regime in this portion. In the offshore rift, the curves presented high subsidence rates over 300 m/My in a shorter period (5 to10 My), typical of basins formed in a transtensional regime.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-11-01T22:12:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JuliaCarvalhoLannesGalvaoFonseca_DISSERT.pdf: 6709067 bytes, checksum: 4dea142739717861bb809376038d58a1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-11-09T00:14:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JuliaCarvalhoLannesGalvaoFonseca_DISSERT.pdf: 6709067 bytes, checksum: 4dea142739717861bb809376038d58a1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-09T00:14:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JuliaCarvalhoLannesGalvaoFonseca_DISSERT.pdf: 6709067 bytes, checksum: 4dea142739717861bb809376038d58a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-29 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / As regi?es de ?guas profundas da Margem Equatorial Brasileira (MEB) apresentam importantes fei??es geol?gicas, apesar de ainda pouco exploradas em ?reas al?m da plataforma continental. O principal objetivo deste trabalho ? caracterizar com uso da sismoestratigrafia as sequ?ncias sin e p?s-rifte de bacia oce?nica profunda e alguns montes submarinos do Alinhamento Fernando de Noronha nas adjac?ncias da Bacia Potiguar, NE Brasil. Utilizou-se dados de s?smica de alta resolu??o 2D p?s-stack para distinguir as sequ?ncias sin-rifte e p?s-rifte. A sequ?ncia sin-rifte ? caracterizada por refletores descont?nuos alternados com refletores plano-paralelos de baixa amplitude e baixa frequ?ncia, falhas normais e semi-gr?bens. A sequ?ncia p?s rifte ? marcada por refletores plano-paralelos, cont?nuos com baixa a alta amplitude e frequ?ncia. Intrus?es vulc?nicas afetaram as duas sequ?ncias e confinaram parcialmente estes dep?sitos de bacia oce?nica profunda. Isto ocorreu ap?s o material pr?-existente e o material depositado ap?s implanta??o de montes submarinos se tornarem limitados pelo talude continental e um monte submarino ou ainda dois montes submarinos. Respiros vulc?nicos (vents) atingem o fundo oce?nico formando fei??es em forma de domos. Os dois epis?dios vulc?nicos parecem ter criado dep?sitos vulcanocl?sticos caraterizados por refletores desorganizados/ca?ticos alternados com alguns poucos refletores cont?nuos, indicando intercala??o entre fluxos magm?ticos com material sedimentar A interpreta??o s?smica indica dois per?odos relativos aos eventos vulc?nicos na regi?o: (a) Eoceno Inferior-Mioceno Superior para montes submarinos (b) Neogeno para os respiros vulc?nicos. Apesar de regi?es de ?guas profundas guardarem pontos chaves sobre a forma??o da MEB e no futuro poderem representar reservat?rios de ?leo e g?s, os dep?sitos das bacias de ?guas profundas ainda s?o pouco conhecidas nesta por??o da MEB. Desta maneira, este trabalho pretende promover um primeiro entendimento sobre estes dep?sitos e como s?o afetados pelo vulcanismo na regi?o. / The Brazilian Equatorial Margin (BEM) deep-water regions present important geological features, although few explored beyond continental shelf-break. The main objective of this study is to characterize seismically syn and post-rift sequences and some seamounts which are part of the Fernando de Noronha Ridge (FNR) in deep-water basins offshore northeastern Brazil. We used 2D post-stack high resolution seismic sections to distingue syn and post-rift tectonic phases. The syn-rift stage is marked by discontinuous and locally parallel reflectors with low amplitude and low frequencies, which are offset by normal faults in half-grabens. The post-rift stage is characterized by continuous-parallel reflectors with low to high amplitude and frequency. The volcanic intrusions affected syn-rift and post-rift sequences and partially confines deep-water basins deposits. That happened once the pre-existent material and the material deposited after the seamount rises were partially confined by continental slope and one or two seamounts. Some volcanic vents reach the ocean bottom and form dome-shaped features. Both volcanic episodes seem to have created volcanoclastic deposit marked by disorganized/chaotic seismic pattern with few continuous reflectors, indicating interbedded magma flows with sedimentary material. Seismic interpretation indicates two periods of volcanic activity: (a) Early Eocene to Late Miocene for seamounts and, (b) Neogene, for volcanic vents. Although deeper water regions can hold key points about the BEM formation and on future could represent oil and gas reservoirs, deep-water basins deposits remain poorly studied in this portion of BEM. In this sense, our paper provides a first insight about deep-water basin deposits on syn and post-rift stages and how they are affected by volcanism on area.

Análises sedimentológicas e geoquímicas realizadas no registro sedimentar GeoB 16204-2 (01°9.75\'S, 42°20.30\'O, 1210 m de profundidade) permitiram reconhecer três períodos com diferentes configurações paleoceanográficas e paleoclimáticas ao longo dos últimos 8100 anos para margem equatorial brasileira. O primeiro período (8100 - 5000 anos cal A.P.) foi caracterizado por condições hidrodinâmicas mais intensas, menor influência marinha e maior aporte continental, constatados por menores valores de sortable silt, maior porcentagem da fração areia, menores conteúdos de CaCO3 e maiores valores das razões de Ti/Ca e Fe/Ca. O segundo período (5000 - 2500 anos cal A.P.) apresentou maiores flutuações na intensidade das correntes de fundo e diminuição do aporte continental indicados por variações do sortable silt, moda não definida na distribuição dos tamanhos das partículas (PSD) e tendência decrescente das razões Ti/Ca e Fe/Ca. O terceiro período (2500 anos cal A.P. - presente), prevaleceram condições hidrodinâmicas menos intensas e menor aporte continental sinalizados por moda do PSD próximo a 7 Φ e menores valores das razões Fe/Ca e Ti/Ca. Ao longo dos 8100 anos ocorreu uma desintensificação da corrente de fundo, provavelmente associado a um enfraquecimento da célula de revolvimento meridional do Atlântico (AMOC) e também à migração em direção sul da Zona de Convergência Intertropical (ZCIT). A migração da ZCIT além de influenciar as correntes oceânicas também contribuiu para mudanças das configurações atmosféricas favorecendo condições mais secas na região de estudo durante o Holoceno Tardio. Estimativas de temperatura e salinidade da superfície do mar revelam pouca variação nos últimos 5.000 anos, com valores próximos aos da média climatológicos atuais, 26,4°C e 36,5. / Sedimentological and geochemical analyzes on sedimentary record GeoB 16204-2 (01°9.75 \'S, 42°20:30\'W, 1210 m depth) allowed to recognize three periods with different paleoceanographic settings and paleoclimatic over the last 8100 years for the Brazilian equatorial margin . The first period (8100 - 5000 cal yr BP) was characterized by more intense hydrodynamic conditions, lower marine influence and greater continental contribution, evidenced by lower values of sortable silt, higher percentage of sand fraction, lower CaCO3 content and higher values of the Ti / Ca and Fe / Ca ratios. The second period (5000 - 2500 cal yr BP) showed greater fluctuations in the intensity of bottom currents and decreased continental contribution indicated by variations of sortable silt, poorly defined mode in the particle size distribution (PSD) and decrease trend of the Ti / Ca and Fe / Ca ratios. The third period (2500 cal yr BP - present), was dominated by less intense hydrodynamic conditions and less continental contribution indicated by for mode PSD about 7 Φ and lower values of Fe/Ca and Ti/Ca ratios. Over the 8100 years there has been a weakening of North Brazilian Current, probably associated with a weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and also the southward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Besides influencing ocean currents the migration of the ITCZ also contributed to changes atmospheric conditions, favoring drier conditions in the study area during the Late Holocene. Sea surface temperature ans salinity show little change in the last 5000 years, with values close to the current climatological average, 26.4 ° C and 36.5.

Análises sedimentológicas e geoquímicas realizadas no registro sedimentar GeoB 16204-2 (01°9.75\'S, 42°20.30\'O, 1210 m de profundidade) permitiram reconhecer três períodos com diferentes configurações paleoceanográficas e paleoclimáticas ao longo dos últimos 8100 anos para margem equatorial brasileira. O primeiro período (8100 - 5000 anos cal A.P.) foi caracterizado por condições hidrodinâmicas mais intensas, menor influência marinha e maior aporte continental, constatados por menores valores de sortable silt, maior porcentagem da fração areia, menores conteúdos de CaCO3 e maiores valores das razões de Ti/Ca e Fe/Ca. O segundo período (5000 - 2500 anos cal A.P.) apresentou maiores flutuações na intensidade das correntes de fundo e diminuição do aporte continental indicados por variações do sortable silt, moda não definida na distribuição dos tamanhos das partículas (PSD) e tendência decrescente das razões Ti/Ca e Fe/Ca. O terceiro período (2500 anos cal A.P. - presente), prevaleceram condições hidrodinâmicas menos intensas e menor aporte continental sinalizados por moda do PSD próximo a 7 Φ e menores valores das razões Fe/Ca e Ti/Ca. Ao longo dos 8100 anos ocorreu uma desintensificação da corrente de fundo, provavelmente associado a um enfraquecimento da célula de revolvimento meridional do Atlântico (AMOC) e também à migração em direção sul da Zona de Convergência Intertropical (ZCIT). A migração da ZCIT além de influenciar as correntes oceânicas também contribuiu para mudanças das configurações atmosféricas favorecendo condições mais secas na região de estudo durante o Holoceno Tardio. Estimativas de temperatura e salinidade da superfície do mar revelam pouca variação nos últimos 5.000 anos, com valores próximos aos da média climatológicos atuais, 26,4°C e 36,5. / Sedimentological and geochemical analyzes on sedimentary record GeoB 16204-2 (01°9.75 \'S, 42°20:30\'W, 1210 m depth) allowed to recognize three periods with different paleoceanographic settings and paleoclimatic over the last 8100 years for the Brazilian equatorial margin . The first period (8100 - 5000 cal yr BP) was characterized by more intense hydrodynamic conditions, lower marine influence and greater continental contribution, evidenced by lower values of sortable silt, higher percentage of sand fraction, lower CaCO3 content and higher values of the Ti / Ca and Fe / Ca ratios. The second period (5000 - 2500 cal yr BP) showed greater fluctuations in the intensity of bottom currents and decreased continental contribution indicated by variations of sortable silt, poorly defined mode in the particle size distribution (PSD) and decrease trend of the Ti / Ca and Fe / Ca ratios. The third period (2500 cal yr BP - present), was dominated by less intense hydrodynamic conditions and less continental contribution indicated by for mode PSD about 7 Φ and lower values of Fe/Ca and Ti/Ca ratios. Over the 8100 years there has been a weakening of North Brazilian Current, probably associated with a weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and also the southward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Besides influencing ocean currents the migration of the ITCZ also contributed to changes atmospheric conditions, favoring drier conditions in the study area during the Late Holocene. Sea surface temperature ans salinity show little change in the last 5000 years, with values close to the current climatological average, 26.4 ° C and 36.5.

The Brazilian Equatorial Margin is a transform passive margin with long fracture zones and several seamounts, including the Ceará Plateau, as the largest one. This is a very complex and poorly known area, with very few available research data. The geophysical approach was used to achieve a better understanding, and to guide further surveys. Gravity and magnetic data from the Equant I Project, seismic published lines and previous studies were applied to make several models and analyses. The gravity and the magnetic anomaly sources seemed to be the same, related to a denser and magnetized basement. It is estimated the basement surface between 800 and 6000 m and the Mohorovičić discontinuity, which is about 22-23 km below the Ceará Plateau. It is also presented and discussed the position of the continent-ocean boundary, recognized at approximately 40 km from the continental shelf, that locate the plateau at the oceanic crust. The area of the transitional crust, with an extension of 40-50 km, represents the altered continental crust, formed during the rift phase, previous to the Atlantic Ocean. The lack of data gives some limitation to the analysis, and add some uncertainties in the results, which are discussed along this thesis. / A Margem Equatorial Brasileira é uma margem passiva transformante com longas zonas de fratura e diversos montes submarinos, incluindo o Platô do Ceará, o maior deles. Essa é uma área muito complexa e pouco conhecida, com poucos dados disponíveis. A abordagem geofísica foi utilizada para alcançar uma melhor compreensão da área e para guiar próximas pesquisas. Dados gravimétricos e magnéticos do Projeto Equant I, linhas sísmicas publicadas e estudos prévios foram aplicados para desenvolver os modelos e as análises. A fonte das anomalias gravimétricas e magnéticas pareceram ser as mesmas, relacionadas a um embasamento mais denso e magnetizado. É estimada a superfície do embasamento entre 800 e 6000 m e a descontinuidade de Mohorovičić, aproximadamente a 22-23 km abaixo do Platô do Ceará. Foi também apresentada e discutida a posição do limite crosta continental-oceânica, aproximadamente a 40 km da plataforma continental, colocando o platô na crosta oceânica. A área da crosta transicional, com uma extensão de 40-50 km, demarca uma crosta continental mais alterada, formada durante a fase rifte, anterior à abertura do Oceano Atlântico. A falta de dados limitou as análises, e certamente implicou em diversas incertezas nos resultados, que são discutidas durante esta dissertação.