During the mid 1960s, record producers and jazz critics coined the phrase Sidewinder Syndrome to describe the funky style of music popularized through the success of Lee Morgan's solo release of "Sidewinder. The funky style, rooted in the heart of the hard bop period (1955-1965), united jazz, Latin influences, and popular black traditions such as gospel and urban blues. Lee Morgan (1938-1973), composer of "Sidewinder," and Richard "Blue" Mitchell (1930-1979) were two prolific trumpet artists from this time period who embraced the Sidewinder Syndrome, and as a result provided a rich improvisational vocabulary, as it pertains to trumpet performance practice. This study presents six annotated transcriptions from each artist focusing on elements of jazz vocabulary and solo construction.The study reveals vocabulary and solo construction preferences within the Sidewinder Syndrome. Results indicated the three most common harmonic generalization elements were digital patterns, change-running, and the bar-line shift. Complex harmonic generalization elements included bebop scale, 3-b9 movement, linear chromaticism, and tri-tone substitution / altered dominant. Vocal inflections derived from gospel music and urban blues were the half-valve, grace note, alternate fingerings, note bending, and fall. Bebop influenced articulation included upbeat-to-downbeat articulation and ghost note. Bebop influenced ornamentation included the two-sixteenth note ornament and the turn. Results suggest solo construction relied heavily upon the sequencing of rhythmic and melodic motives. Space was utilized for clarity, new concepts, and octave displacement. Developmental concepts included running eighth and sixteenth note lines. This study provides an opportunity for students of improvisation to isolate and study jazz vocabulary and solo construction of the Sidewinder Syndrome. / School of Music

Fading Points is a piece of music for large wind ensemble. The work is concerned with time perception and is designed to convey to the listener a long temporal progression from slow music to fast music. To this end, the work is written using musical gestures specifically designed for their portrayal of musical time. The work consists of four sections, each of which is described in detail in the analytical part of the thesis. The analysis also describes the rhythmic language, which is created around short rhythmic cells. These cells are based on ratios and are used in all levels of the piece from the surface rhythm to the large formal divisions. The harmonic language is also described. The vertical harmony is derived from a dense chord presented at the beginning of the piece. The horizontal pitch material is created from small pitch cells, also taken from the opening chord. These cells are used in isolation but are also combined to create modes, which are the focus of the latter parts of the piece.

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The history of music education in America shows that a variety of activities have been, and still are, included in the public school music program. The emphasis which has been placed on the various media of music in the schools has shifted from time to time, just has the concepts of general education have changed. At one time the important thing in teaching music was teaching singing; the music class became, in fact, a "singing class." A little later orchestras became a prominent part of the music education program. Still later a great emphasis was placed upon brass bands. As the instrumental program became stronger and more active the vocal program seemed to be forced somewhat into the background. Just at the time the proponents of vocal music were beginning to bewail their fate, a new interest began to develop in the music education program, that being an interest in "a capella" choirs. Today our schools have been able to coordinate the work of the various media into a well balanced program of music education-- one which affords opportunities in both instrumental and vocal music. / "Submitted to the Graduate Council of Florida State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Music Education." / "May, 1955." / Typescript. / Advisor: W. L. Housewright, Professor Directing Paper. / Includes bibliographical references. Includes annotated list of works for band or orchestra with chorus (leaves 24-39).

The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics of jazz trumpeter Chet Baker's improvisational style, both instrumental and vocal, during the early period of his career (1952-1959). Baker's early years were divided into six periods, based on major milestones: The Charlie Parker Groups (1952-1953), The Gerry Mulligan Quartet and Tentette (1952-1953), The Chet Baker Quartets (1953-1956), The European Groups (1955-1956), Quartets, Quintets, and Sextets (1956-1957), and The Riverside Recordings (1958-1959). Improvised lines and chord changes from fifteen solos were transcribed and analyzed by the researcher; melodies of standard songs were transcribed and compared with the original version. The number of solos selected from each period was based on the length of time Baker spent with each particular group and the number of albums recorded. The solos were analyzed in terms of rhythmic interpretation of melodies, intervals utilized, use of nonharmonic tones, use of jazz cliches, embellishment of the melodic line, use of melodic and rhythmic patterns, range, tone quality, articulation, vibrato, and vocal scat syllables. As a result of this analysis, the researcher was able to draw conclusions concerning Baker's improvisational style during the period of the study. / School of Music

Time Fields: Chamber Concerto #3 for fifteen players (2004) is a composition for five woodwinds, three brass, one percussionist, piano, string quartet and double bass with an approximate duration of 14 minutes. This work addresses the nature of musical time and its role in the organisation of the large-scale structure of the piece. Four differing states of musical time, which I refer to as Temporal Textures (Static, Obscure, Temporal Counterpoint and Clear), are employed in particular alternations to form a single movement work in four distinct sections.

Tourniquet Mirage, a piece for orchestra and processed sound, is based on the recitation of a poem of the same name. Recitations are recorded and altered electronically through granulation and phase vocoding. Granular synthesis cuts audio up into "short sound grains" and combines them into a sequence of grains to form a longer final output. Phase vocoding uses Fourier analysis to analyze audio and represent it as a series of amplitudes, phases, and frequencies. The phase vocoder then uses this information to manipulate the audio without altering the overall structure of the waveform. / The processed sound part is closely linked to the music in the orchestra. This is as a result of developing the pitch-material of the orchestra by spectrally analyzing the processed audio. At certain times, the relationship between the electronics part and the sound of the orchestra is blurred. To accomplish this, the related formal sections of the orchestra are situated in a canonic relationship with respect to the processed-sound part. The thesis is in two parts: an analysis and an orchestral score.

The analysis of Arne's six keyboard concertos uses the 1981 Oxford University Press edition of the musical scores. This edition relies totally a set of separate printed on parts that was published by Harrison & Company of London in 1793, and is the earliest known extant material for the concertos; the autograph MSS scores of Arne's concertos are not extant. The analysis first deals with Arne's general structural process, then examines the formal structure of the works in more detail, with particular attention given to the utilization of ritornello format and the influence from the Torelli-Vivaldi tradition. A discussion of the concertos' residual Baroque characteristics as well as several galant traits is included. Considerable attention is given to Arne's excellence in melodic writing, as well as to his fondness for the interval of an octave and to a particular rhythmic kernel. Also included is an analysis of a discarded movement from Concerto No. 1.The analysis of Arne's four symphonies uses the 1973 Oxford University Press edition of the musical scores. This edition relies totally on the set of printed parts from the 1767 John Johnston [London] edition, and is the earliest known extant material for the symphonies; the autograph MSS scores of Arne's symphonies are likewise lost or destroyed. As with the concertos, the analysis of the symphonies first looks at Arne's general structural procedures, then treats individual musical forms, with significant attention given to sonata form. An examination of Arne's remnant Baroque characteristics is included. As with the concertos, a substantial portion of the analysis is given to Arne's melodic writing.A short biography of Arne is included. This chapter discusses other instrumental works of Arne, as well as his more important vocal works. / School of Music

This study is the first step toward a better understanding of the introduction of pervasive imitation at the end of the fifteenth century. The focus is on selected works of Loyset Compère: the ténor motet Omnium bonorum plena, two motetti missales cycles and twenty chansons. Four types of repetition have been identified in these works: imitation, free repetition, repeated modules and doubling. The main analysis is based on the statistical frequency of the different types of repetition. Percentage tables allow us to observe stylistic changes between early and late chansons and also underline some resemblances between late chansons and motetti missales. Different types of repetition tend to vary in length; imitation generally uses longer melodic lines than other types of repetition. I also studied pitch intervals of repetition used by Compère. I have noticed that unlike some composers of the time, Compère used pitch intervais other than the octave and unison, mainly the fifth and principally in his late chansons. Finally, I have constructed a System of modular classification which allowed me to identify unifying devices used by Compère in his motetti missales. The results presented in this thesis suggest that Loyset Compère was a major contributor to the evolution of pervasive imitation.