Human gait identification has become an active area of research due to increased security requirements. Human gait identification is a potential new tool for identifying individuals beyond traditional methods. The emergence of motion capture techniques provided a chance of high accuracy in identification because completely recorded gait information can be recorded compared with security cameras. The aim of this research was to build a practical method of gait identification and investigate the individual characteristics of gait. For this purpose, a gait identification approach was proposed, identification results were compared by different methods, and several studies about the individual characteristics of gait were performed. This research included the following: (1) a novel, effective set of gait features were proposed; (2) gait signatures were extracted by three different methods: statistical method, principal component analysis, and Fourier expansion method; (3) gait identification results were compared by these different methods; (4) two indicators were proposed to evaluate gait features for identification; (5) novel and clear definitions of gait phases and gait cycle were proposed; (6) gait features were investigated by gait phases; (7) principal component analysis and the fixing root method were used to elucidate which features were used to represent gait and why; (8) gait similarity was investigated; (9) gait attractiveness was investigated. This research proposed an efficient framework for identifying individuals from gait via a novel feature set based on 3D motion capture data. A novel evaluating method of gait signatures for identification was proposed. Three different gait signature extraction methods were applied and compared. The average identification rate was over 93%, with the best result close to 100%. This research also proposed a novel dividing method of gait phases, and the different appearances of gait features in eight gait phases were investigated. This research identified the similarities and asymmetric appearances between left body movement and right body movement in gait based on the proposed gait phase dividing method. This research also initiated an analysing method for gait features extraction by the fixing root method. A prediction model of gait attractiveness was built with reasonable accuracy by principal component analysis and linear regression of natural logarithm of parameters. A systematic relationship was observed between the motions of individual markers and the attractiveness ratings. The lower legs and feet were extracted as features of attractiveness by the fixing root method. As an extension of gait research, human seated motion was also investigated.

Thesis name: The evaluating of the change of walking quality in dancers in comparison with the normal population Thesis goal: This thesis deals with effect of long-term ballet dance on kinematic parameters of gait. The theoretical part includes basic characteristics of gait cycle and kinesiological and biomechanical findings of ballet movement and its compensatory mechanisms in musculoskeletal system. There is analyzed angular parameters of gait cycle in ballet dancers in performance of walking in the experimental part. The results will show if the many-years intensive training of dance affects the alignment of particular joints of the body during human walk. Method: Kinematic analysis by Qualisys system allowing automatic processing of record obtained with infrared cameras. Qualisys uses its own high-frequency cameras for precise movement tracking of the measured object using active or passive markers. Gathered data from device were processed and statictically evaluated with Microsoft Office Excel. Keywords: gait, bipedal locomotion, dance, gait analysis, gait of dancers, ballet, kinematics analysis

Através de um estudo cinemático, foi analisada a marcha de sete cães da raça Golden Retriever, fêmeas, idade entre 2 e 4 anos, peso variando de 21,5 a 28 Kg, clinicamente normais. Dados morfométricos foram coletados para descrever a população estudada. Variáveis de tempo e distâncias foram mensuradas para descrever a marcha. Movimentos de flexão e extensão foram descritos para a articulação escapuloumeral, cubital, carpal, coxofemoral, femorotibial e tarsal. A marcha foi caracterizada lateral e teve hipótese de normalidade aceita para todas as variáveis, exceto para o apoio de quadril e apoio de cúbito, considerando um grau de confiança de 95%, ou seja, nível de significância &alpha = 0,05. As variações foram atribuídas ao deslocamento do das tarjas durante o movimento e ao repetido número de avaliações. Conclusões: A análise cinemática provou ser um consistente método de avaliação do movimento durante a marcha canina e os dados obtidos podem ser utilizados na comparação em avaliações de marcha para outros estudos e base de normalidade quando comparados a evolução de tratamentos de cães com afecções musculoesqueléticas. / Through a kinematic study, was analyzed the gait of seven Golden Retrievers dogs, females, age between 2 to 4 years, weight varied of 21,5 kg to 28 Kg, clinically normal. Morphometric data were collected to describe the sample population. Temporal variable and joint movements were measured to describe the gait. Flexions and extension movements were described for the scapulohumeral, elbow, carpal, hip, femorotibial and tarsal joints. The gait was characterized lateral and had hypothesis of accepted normality for all the variables, except for the support of hip and support of elbow joints, considering a reliable degree of 95% or either, level of significance 0,05. The variations were attributed to the displacement of the targets during the movement and to trial repetition of individual dogs. Conclusions: The kinematics analysis proved to be a consistent method of evaluation of the movement during the canine gait and the database derived from the normal population in this study can be used in the comparison in evaluations of gait for other studies and baseline normality when compared in treatment of dogs with musculoskeletal diseases.

Através de um estudo cinemático, foi analisada a marcha de sete cães da raça Golden Retriever, fêmeas, idade entre 2 e 4 anos, peso variando de 21,5 a 28 Kg, clinicamente normais. Dados morfométricos foram coletados para descrever a população estudada. Variáveis de tempo e distâncias foram mensuradas para descrever a marcha. Movimentos de flexão e extensão foram descritos para a articulação escapuloumeral, cubital, carpal, coxofemoral, femorotibial e tarsal. A marcha foi caracterizada lateral e teve hipótese de normalidade aceita para todas as variáveis, exceto para o apoio de quadril e apoio de cúbito, considerando um grau de confiança de 95%, ou seja, nível de significância &alpha = 0,05. As variações foram atribuídas ao deslocamento do das tarjas durante o movimento e ao repetido número de avaliações. Conclusões: A análise cinemática provou ser um consistente método de avaliação do movimento durante a marcha canina e os dados obtidos podem ser utilizados na comparação em avaliações de marcha para outros estudos e base de normalidade quando comparados a evolução de tratamentos de cães com afecções musculoesqueléticas. / Through a kinematic study, was analyzed the gait of seven Golden Retrievers dogs, females, age between 2 to 4 years, weight varied of 21,5 kg to 28 Kg, clinically normal. Morphometric data were collected to describe the sample population. Temporal variable and joint movements were measured to describe the gait. Flexions and extension movements were described for the scapulohumeral, elbow, carpal, hip, femorotibial and tarsal joints. The gait was characterized lateral and had hypothesis of accepted normality for all the variables, except for the support of hip and support of elbow joints, considering a reliable degree of 95% or either, level of significance 0,05. The variations were attributed to the displacement of the targets during the movement and to trial repetition of individual dogs. Conclusions: The kinematics analysis proved to be a consistent method of evaluation of the movement during the canine gait and the database derived from the normal population in this study can be used in the comparison in evaluations of gait for other studies and baseline normality when compared in treatment of dogs with musculoskeletal diseases.