How do the state institutions in Turkey (dis)articulate gender politics? How does the institutional discourse disintegrate gender politics? Where, when, and how do the institutions locate discourse of gender and sexuality into politics of pandemic? Where do institutions become silent? This thesis offers a feminist reading of the pandemic politics and discourse in Turkey; specifically, it analyzes the gendered tensions of the Covid-19 pandemic. Investigating the impacts of the pandemic discourse of the state on gender politics, I aim to unpack the state rhetoric where the official outbreak narrative generates a particular gender narrative. Observing that the state discourse obscures the gendered impacts of the pandemic, I work on locating the pandemic responses and discourses in Turkey. Approaching to politics of discourse as an issue of power and knowledge where power appears through the continuity of knowledge production, I elaborate on how an institutional discourse interprets, incorporates, articulate and disarticulate gender and sexuality overtly and covertly. As unpacking the discursive struggle of the state for mastery in gender and sexuality discourse, I demonstrate how the state reshapes and redirects the narratives on gender and sexuality within the politics of outbreak. Keywords:...

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No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Eduardo Jaime Bata - 2014.pdf: 3389926 bytes, checksum: 0ace9b597abbbb1c07a079ca50362fc7 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-10 / The analysis of socio-environmental vulnerability allows understanding the linkages, plots and environmental changes occurring in the physical environment, mediatised by human activities and the adoption of strategies that assist in decision making on issues related to environmental degradation. This research analysed the socio-environmental vulnerability in areas where gemstones such as ruby and tourmalines are explored in the villages of Nanhupo and Nseue, in Montepuez District, within the period 2004-2011. The analysis of the theme was based on the methodology of Figueirêdo et al (2009 and 2010), which consisted in the following phases: a) choosing the system and the socio-environmental questions; b) identifying indicators for assessment; c) defining the criteria (exposition, sensibility and capacity of response). Additionally, a field research was carried out where semi-structured questionnaires were applied to 98 research subjects (miners and local residents); not only this but also 5 semi-structured surveys were conducted to different government staff. The IFVSA in Namanhumbir was of 3.86, which makes it high vulnerability, and the criteria that most contributed for this result were: exposition with 1.15, and the capacity of response with 11.29. In terms of indicators, the number of schools (3.44), water supply to residential areas (2.00) and destruction of vegetation regarding the criteria of exposition; the ratio doctor-patients, the cost of basic food and the number of operational potable water sources were the indicators that showed higher levels of vulnerability. The gemstones exploitationis largely done by youth (18 to 35 years old) and most of them work for foreigner businessmen (from Guinea, Nigeria and Tanzania). The beginning of this activity introduces major socio-spatial environmental and the relations between the local villagers and the local public institutions authorities of the District. In the other hand, the introduction of that activity contributed largely for inflation the basics products making it difficult and affect badly the low income villagerswho strongly depend on subsistence agriculture.However, despite the negative impacts of that activity on the environment, the exploitation of precious and semiprecious gemstones allowed people directly involved in the business to increase their income, as well as brought more dynamism to the local market and opportunity of business and jobs were opened. This research allowed to better understanding the charges (environmental degradation) as well as the bonuses (increased income and living conditions of miners) of that activity, aiming to contribute to monitoring the mining sites and reducing the dangers to miners healthy, local residents and environmental damages. / A análise da vulnerabilidade socioambiental permite compreender as relações, as tramas e as transformações socioambientais ocorridas no meio físico, midiatizadas pelas atividades humanas, bem como a adoção de estratégias que auxiliam na tomada de decisões sobre questões relacionadas com a degradação socioambiental. Esta pesquisa analisou a vulnerabilidade socioambiental nas áreas de exploração do rubi e turmalinas, nas Aldeias de Nanhupo e Nséue, Distrito de Montepuez, entre 2004 a 2011. Esta análise foi baseada na metodologia de Figueirêdo et al (2009 e 2010), e consistiu nas seguintes etapas: a) escolha do sistema e das questões socioambientais, b) identificação dos indicadores avaliados e c) definição dos critérios (exposição, sensibilidade e capacidade de resposta). Foi também efetuada a pesquisa de campo e aplicação de questionários em98 sujeitos de pesquisa e realização de 5 entrevistas com diversas entidades do Governo distrital e provincial. O IFVSA de Namanhumbir foi de 3,86, considerado muito alta vulnerabilidade, e a exposição (1,15) e capacidade de resposta (11,29), são os critérios que determinaram esse valor. Em relação aos indicadores, o número de escolas (3,44), abastecimento de água nas casas residenciais (2,00) e destruição da vegetação, no critério de exposição, e número de habitantes por médico, valor da cesta básica e número de fontenários em funcionamento, na capacidade de resposta tiveram maior valor de vulnerabilidade. A exploração das pedras preciosas é realizada majoritariamente por jovens (18 a 35 anos) e grande parte destes trabalham para os estrangeiros (guineenses, nigerianos, tanzanianos), responsáveis pelo fomento do garimpo. O início desta atividade introduziu profundas transformações sócioespaciais, ambientais, bem como nas relações entre a população humana de Namanhumbir e as autoridades administrativas do Distrito. Por outro lado, o início do garimpo cogitou o aumento da cesta básica, dificultando o seu acesso pela população humana mais carente e afetando negativamente a população humana de menor poder de compra, na sua maioria dependente da agricultura. Entretanto, apesar dos impactos negativos desta atividade sobre o ambiente, o início da exploração das pedras preciosas e semipreciosas permitiu a melhoria do poder aquisitivo das pessoas diretamente envolvidas no garimpo, criou oportunidades de negócio para os moradores e fomentou a geração de postos de trabalho. Esta pesquisa permitiu compreender os ônus (degradação socioambiental) e os bônus (aumento da renda e melhoria das condições de vida dos garimpeiros) desta atividade, visando contribuir para a monitoria dos sítios mineiros e na redução dos perigos à saúde dos garimpeiros, dos moradores e dos danos ambientais.