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Over the course of the past decade the MRT (Mass Rapid Transit) stations in Taiwan have become open air art galleries: with more prominent and frequent display of various artistic creations in stations, including interactive artworks. However, unlike the audiences in more meticulously choreographed exhibition contexts, those in stations are usually involuntary. New criteria for the creation and evaluation of artworks in these context are necessary to enhance the connection between the audience and the artwork, and to elicit meaningful experience via interactivity. This research aims to uncover the critical factors that can turn an indifferent passenger into an explorative participant, subsequently leading them to obtain meaningful experiences through interaction with computer-based interactive artwork. This research focuses on artworks that are permanently installed in the stations, with three case studies conducted in MRT stations forming the backbone of the research. Field observation was the first step in each case study, conducted in order to understand the fundamentals of the interactivity between the passengers and the artworks. This was followed by in-depth interviews with the passengers and three professional interview groups. A critical Analytical Framework was formed throughout the course of the research, identifying five engaging characteristics: Incentive, Transfer, Accessibility, Play, and Challenge. These five characteristics were eventually reapplied to re-examine the case studies and the content of the interviews with the professionals. The findings of this research articulate how the Analytical Framework can be adopted in future research intended to create the conditions for more meaningful art-interactions. This Analytical Framework will assist artists, designers and researchers in their pre-planning and follow up evaluations of the degree of engagement generated by computer-based interactive artworks displayed in transport hubs. The interest that the outcomes of this research has attracted in the field suggests that the framework could be extended to the examination of various computer-based interactive artworks in similar public contexts. In this context, the framework would play a valuable role in uncovering a more dynamic paradigm used to illustrate how meaningful experiences can evolve in similar public spaces.

Based on a plural approach of power, this study aims at emphasizing how, in organisations that are part of the solidarity economy, women are given the opportunity to develop their self-esteem and confidence in their abilities. The research attempts to show that these organizations are above all a place where women can become autonomous and empower themselves in the different social spheres (domestic, sociocultural, economic and political spheres) i.e. through an empoderamiento process. Women become actors of change, able to collectively question the socio-cultural construction of gender relationships in their organization, their family, and more generally in the political sphere. The empoderamiento appears to be essential at two levels: at the level of individual power, i.e. the ability to choose and act concerning your own life, and at the level of collective power i.e. actions for social, economic and political change. Women's identity changes but not without differences among them. This is an overwhelming sociological change concerning the role women and men play within the family and the society. Women's empoderamiento leads to the search for new points of reference, for the power to remain in the hands of both genders: it's an issue concerning female and male identity. To tackle the empoderamiento process from the people's point of view, field work was carried out in the Bolivian Andes together with a participative methodology. The leaders (men and women) of organizations for a popular solidarity economy have created an analytical framework (with the different empoderamiento aspects) that has led toa unique analysis of the field work. The framework underlined the empoderamiento process of women living in the Bolivian Andes that participate in solidarity economy organizations (Handicraft and farming). Sophie Charlier is an Agricultural Engineer and a research associate in the GRIAL. She is an Associate Professor at the UCL and holds a Masters Degree in Population, Environment and Development Science (IED/UCL). Her Ph.D. represents 20-years of work (or: a 20-year work project) in the field of development, either through research, training or field work for NGOs./ A partir d'une approche plurielle du pouvoir, la thèse cherche à mettre en évidence comment dans les organisations d'économie solidaire, il existe un espace pour les femmes qui leur permet de développer une estime de soi et une confiance en leurs capacités. La thèse démontre que ces organisations sont avant tout un lieu dans lequel les femmes peuvent acquérir une certaine autonomie et un pouvoir dans les différentes sphères de la société (familiale, socioculturelle, économique et politique) soit, un empoderamiento. Les femmes se transforment en actrices de changement capables de remettre en cause collectivement les rapports de genre - construction socioculturelle - dans leur organisation économique, dans leur famille et plus largement dans des espaces politiques. Il apparaît ainsi que l'empoderamiento est essentiel dans sa double dimension : celle du pouvoir individuel, c'est-à-dire la capacité de choisir et d'agir sur sa propre vie, et celle du pouvoir collectif, d'actions orientées vers des changements, sociaux, économiques et politiques. L'identité des femmes se transforme mais non sans certaines différences entre elles ; nous sommes face à un bouleversement sociologique quand aux rôles des femmes et des hommes au sein de la famille et de la société. L'acquisition d'empoderamiento des femmes oblige la recherche de nouveaux repères pour que l'autorité (le pouvoir) ne repose pas sur un seul genre mais sur les deux : c'est une question d'identité féminine et masculine. Pour aborder le processus d'empoderamiento à partir des « gens », la thèse s'appuie sur un travail de terrain, dans les Andes en Bolivie et une méthodologie participative. Les dirigeant-e-s des organisations d'économie populaire solidaire ont construit une grille d'analyse (reprenant les différentes dimensions de l'empoderamiento) qui a permis de tirer une interprétation originale des enquêtes de terrain. Elle a ainsi mis en évidence le processus d'empoderamiento chez les femmes vivant dans les Andes boliviennes et qui participent à des organisations d'économie solidaire (d'artisan-e-s et de paysans/nes). Sophie Charlier, Ingénieur Agronome, chercheure associée au GRIAL, Maître de conférence (UCL) et titulaire d'un DEA en sciences de la population, de l'environnement et du développement (IED/UCL). Sa thèse repose sur vingt années de travail dans le secteur du développement que ce soit à travers la recherche, la formation ou un travail de terrain au sein des ONG.

A produção de um bem é responsabilidade de todas as empresas que integram a cadeia de suprimentos, por conseguinte, as implicações socioambientais que esses produtos geram são também de responsabilidade de cada uma das empresas que integram essa cadeia. Assim, o comportamento socioambiental nas empresas precisa ser considerado ao longo da cadeia de suprimentos. Embora existam estudos relacionando sustentabilidade e cadeia de suprimentos, as pesquisas têm-se focado principalmente na dimensão ambiental e econômica. Os aspectos relacionados com as três dimensões da sustentabilidade de forma conjunta têm recebido pouca atenção na pesquisa. Além disso, os estudos têm considerado somente a empresa focal como unidade de análise e, raramente, essas pesquisas abrangem todos os membros que compõem a cadeia. Nesse contexto, a presente tese propõe desenvolver uma estrutura analítica para identificar o perfil de sustentabilidade de cadeias de suprimentos. No referencial teórico discute-se a dinâmica da sustentabilidade sob a visão das dimensões econômica, social e ambiental. Em seguida, apresentam-se os fundamentos da gestão da cadeia de suprimentos, identificando seus elementos-chave (estrutura, processos, e componentes). Posteriormente, relaciona-se a sustentabilidade com os elementos-chave de gestão por meio da cadeia de suprimentos sustentável. Por fim, o referencial teórico propõe a estrutura analítica de pesquisa, integrando parâmetros sustentáveis em cada elemento-chave da gestão da cadeia de suprimentos, objetivando a construção do perfil de sustentabilidade. Referente aos procedimentos metodológicos, a estrutura analítica foi testada em quatorze cadeias de suprimentos de rosas do Equador. Nesse tipo de cadeia, o produtor de rosas é considerado a empresa focal. As cadeias de suprimentos estão compostas por oito membros: a empresa focal e os sete fornecedores de primeiro nível. Os dados foram coletados com o uso de um questionário estruturado. Para estruturação das cadeias foi utilizada uma amostra de 312 empresas. Dessas, 42 responderam o questionário, ou seja, 13% do total. Foram usadas para a configuração das cadeias apenas 26 empresas. Com os dados obtidos foram construídos quatorze perfis, os quais descrevem a posição de sustentabilidade da cada empresa e da cadeia como se fosse uma única empresa. Adicionalmente, a forma em que o perfil é apresentado permite desdobrar as posições obtidas de cada empresa nas dimensões social, ambiental e econômica. Esse desdobramento possibilita identificar qual empresa obteve a maior ou a menor posição de forma global e por dimensão. A partir desses perfis, apresentam-se três tipos de análise: entre cadeias, entre os membros da cadeia, e entre as empresas que ocupam a mesma posição nas cadeias. Os resultados que a estrutura analítica gerou possibilitaram traçar perfis de sustentabilidade em cadeias de suprimentos de acordo com o objetivo proposto. O perfil caracteriza de forma simples a posição de sustentabilidade de uma cadeia, usando os mesmos parâmetros de mensuração em todos seus membros. Além disso, a forma como o perfil foi construído permite analisar a cadeia e seus membros nas dimensões social, ambiental e econômica, separadamente. Esse desdobramento facilita a identificação de brechas entre as dimensões e entre as empresas. / Manufacturing a good is a responsibility shared by all the enterprises integrating the supply chain; therefore, each enterprise of the chain should be held responsible for the socioenvironmental implications generated by these products. That being said, enterprises’ socioenvironmental behavior is an aspect to be taken into consideration along all the supply chain. Although there are studies relating sustainability and supply chain, researches have focused mainly on the environmental and economic dimensions. The aspects related to the three sustainability dimensions combined have received little research attention. Furthermore, studies have considered only the focal enterprise as an analysis unit, and these studies hardly ever encompass all the members composing the chain. In this context, this study attempts to develop an analytical structure in order to identify the sustainability profile of supply chains. In the theoretical background it is discussed the sustainability dynamics under the light of the economic, social and environmental dimensions. Afterwards, supply chain management basis are presented, identifying their key elements (structure, processes and components). Subsequently, sustainability is related to management key elements through a sustainable supply chain. The theoretical background proposes the research analytical structure, integrating sustainable parameters into each key element of the supply chain management, so as to build a sustainability profile. Regarding the methodological procedures, the analytical structure has been tested in fourteen rose supply chains in Ecuador. In this kind of chain, the rose grower is considered as the focal enterprise. The supply chains are composed of eight elements: the focal enterprise and seven first level suppliers. Data has been collected through a structured questionnaire. For the chain structuring a sample of 312 enterprises has been used. Out of these, 42 answered the questionnaire, that is, 13% of the total. Only 26 enterprises have been used to outline the chains. Fourteen profiles have been made with the data collected, describing the sustainability position of each enterprise and that of the chain, as if they were unique enterprises. Moreover, the way the profile is presented allows for the unfolding of the positions obtained by each enterprise in the social, environmental and economic dimensions. Such unfolding enables us to identify which enterprise has had the highest or lowest position globally or per dimension. Based on these profiles, three kinds of analysis have been presented: among chains, among chain members, and among enterprises occupying the same position in the chains. The outcomes from this analytical structure have enabled us to outline the sustainability profiles in supply chains according to the proposed aim. This profile characterizes in a simple way the sustainability position of a chain, applying the same measurement parameters to all its members. Furthermore, the way this profile has been built enables us to analyze the chain and its members in the social, environmental and economic dimensions separately. This unfolding makes it easier to identify gaps among the dimensions and the enterprises.

A produção de um bem é responsabilidade de todas as empresas que integram a cadeia de suprimentos, por conseguinte, as implicações socioambientais que esses produtos geram são também de responsabilidade de cada uma das empresas que integram essa cadeia. Assim, o comportamento socioambiental nas empresas precisa ser considerado ao longo da cadeia de suprimentos. Embora existam estudos relacionando sustentabilidade e cadeia de suprimentos, as pesquisas têm-se focado principalmente na dimensão ambiental e econômica. Os aspectos relacionados com as três dimensões da sustentabilidade de forma conjunta têm recebido pouca atenção na pesquisa. Além disso, os estudos têm considerado somente a empresa focal como unidade de análise e, raramente, essas pesquisas abrangem todos os membros que compõem a cadeia. Nesse contexto, a presente tese propõe desenvolver uma estrutura analítica para identificar o perfil de sustentabilidade de cadeias de suprimentos. No referencial teórico discute-se a dinâmica da sustentabilidade sob a visão das dimensões econômica, social e ambiental. Em seguida, apresentam-se os fundamentos da gestão da cadeia de suprimentos, identificando seus elementos-chave (estrutura, processos, e componentes). Posteriormente, relaciona-se a sustentabilidade com os elementos-chave de gestão por meio da cadeia de suprimentos sustentável. Por fim, o referencial teórico propõe a estrutura analítica de pesquisa, integrando parâmetros sustentáveis em cada elemento-chave da gestão da cadeia de suprimentos, objetivando a construção do perfil de sustentabilidade. Referente aos procedimentos metodológicos, a estrutura analítica foi testada em quatorze cadeias de suprimentos de rosas do Equador. Nesse tipo de cadeia, o produtor de rosas é considerado a empresa focal. As cadeias de suprimentos estão compostas por oito membros: a empresa focal e os sete fornecedores de primeiro nível. Os dados foram coletados com o uso de um questionário estruturado. Para estruturação das cadeias foi utilizada uma amostra de 312 empresas. Dessas, 42 responderam o questionário, ou seja, 13% do total. Foram usadas para a configuração das cadeias apenas 26 empresas. Com os dados obtidos foram construídos quatorze perfis, os quais descrevem a posição de sustentabilidade da cada empresa e da cadeia como se fosse uma única empresa. Adicionalmente, a forma em que o perfil é apresentado permite desdobrar as posições obtidas de cada empresa nas dimensões social, ambiental e econômica. Esse desdobramento possibilita identificar qual empresa obteve a maior ou a menor posição de forma global e por dimensão. A partir desses perfis, apresentam-se três tipos de análise: entre cadeias, entre os membros da cadeia, e entre as empresas que ocupam a mesma posição nas cadeias. Os resultados que a estrutura analítica gerou possibilitaram traçar perfis de sustentabilidade em cadeias de suprimentos de acordo com o objetivo proposto. O perfil caracteriza de forma simples a posição de sustentabilidade de uma cadeia, usando os mesmos parâmetros de mensuração em todos seus membros. Além disso, a forma como o perfil foi construído permite analisar a cadeia e seus membros nas dimensões social, ambiental e econômica, separadamente. Esse desdobramento facilita a identificação de brechas entre as dimensões e entre as empresas. / Manufacturing a good is a responsibility shared by all the enterprises integrating the supply chain; therefore, each enterprise of the chain should be held responsible for the socioenvironmental implications generated by these products. That being said, enterprises’ socioenvironmental behavior is an aspect to be taken into consideration along all the supply chain. Although there are studies relating sustainability and supply chain, researches have focused mainly on the environmental and economic dimensions. The aspects related to the three sustainability dimensions combined have received little research attention. Furthermore, studies have considered only the focal enterprise as an analysis unit, and these studies hardly ever encompass all the members composing the chain. In this context, this study attempts to develop an analytical structure in order to identify the sustainability profile of supply chains. In the theoretical background it is discussed the sustainability dynamics under the light of the economic, social and environmental dimensions. Afterwards, supply chain management basis are presented, identifying their key elements (structure, processes and components). Subsequently, sustainability is related to management key elements through a sustainable supply chain. The theoretical background proposes the research analytical structure, integrating sustainable parameters into each key element of the supply chain management, so as to build a sustainability profile. Regarding the methodological procedures, the analytical structure has been tested in fourteen rose supply chains in Ecuador. In this kind of chain, the rose grower is considered as the focal enterprise. The supply chains are composed of eight elements: the focal enterprise and seven first level suppliers. Data has been collected through a structured questionnaire. For the chain structuring a sample of 312 enterprises has been used. Out of these, 42 answered the questionnaire, that is, 13% of the total. Only 26 enterprises have been used to outline the chains. Fourteen profiles have been made with the data collected, describing the sustainability position of each enterprise and that of the chain, as if they were unique enterprises. Moreover, the way the profile is presented allows for the unfolding of the positions obtained by each enterprise in the social, environmental and economic dimensions. Such unfolding enables us to identify which enterprise has had the highest or lowest position globally or per dimension. Based on these profiles, three kinds of analysis have been presented: among chains, among chain members, and among enterprises occupying the same position in the chains. The outcomes from this analytical structure have enabled us to outline the sustainability profiles in supply chains according to the proposed aim. This profile characterizes in a simple way the sustainability position of a chain, applying the same measurement parameters to all its members. Furthermore, the way this profile has been built enables us to analyze the chain and its members in the social, environmental and economic dimensions separately. This unfolding makes it easier to identify gaps among the dimensions and the enterprises.

A produção de um bem é responsabilidade de todas as empresas que integram a cadeia de suprimentos, por conseguinte, as implicações socioambientais que esses produtos geram são também de responsabilidade de cada uma das empresas que integram essa cadeia. Assim, o comportamento socioambiental nas empresas precisa ser considerado ao longo da cadeia de suprimentos. Embora existam estudos relacionando sustentabilidade e cadeia de suprimentos, as pesquisas têm-se focado principalmente na dimensão ambiental e econômica. Os aspectos relacionados com as três dimensões da sustentabilidade de forma conjunta têm recebido pouca atenção na pesquisa. Além disso, os estudos têm considerado somente a empresa focal como unidade de análise e, raramente, essas pesquisas abrangem todos os membros que compõem a cadeia. Nesse contexto, a presente tese propõe desenvolver uma estrutura analítica para identificar o perfil de sustentabilidade de cadeias de suprimentos. No referencial teórico discute-se a dinâmica da sustentabilidade sob a visão das dimensões econômica, social e ambiental. Em seguida, apresentam-se os fundamentos da gestão da cadeia de suprimentos, identificando seus elementos-chave (estrutura, processos, e componentes). Posteriormente, relaciona-se a sustentabilidade com os elementos-chave de gestão por meio da cadeia de suprimentos sustentável. Por fim, o referencial teórico propõe a estrutura analítica de pesquisa, integrando parâmetros sustentáveis em cada elemento-chave da gestão da cadeia de suprimentos, objetivando a construção do perfil de sustentabilidade. Referente aos procedimentos metodológicos, a estrutura analítica foi testada em quatorze cadeias de suprimentos de rosas do Equador. Nesse tipo de cadeia, o produtor de rosas é considerado a empresa focal. As cadeias de suprimentos estão compostas por oito membros: a empresa focal e os sete fornecedores de primeiro nível. Os dados foram coletados com o uso de um questionário estruturado. Para estruturação das cadeias foi utilizada uma amostra de 312 empresas. Dessas, 42 responderam o questionário, ou seja, 13% do total. Foram usadas para a configuração das cadeias apenas 26 empresas. Com os dados obtidos foram construídos quatorze perfis, os quais descrevem a posição de sustentabilidade da cada empresa e da cadeia como se fosse uma única empresa. Adicionalmente, a forma em que o perfil é apresentado permite desdobrar as posições obtidas de cada empresa nas dimensões social, ambiental e econômica. Esse desdobramento possibilita identificar qual empresa obteve a maior ou a menor posição de forma global e por dimensão. A partir desses perfis, apresentam-se três tipos de análise: entre cadeias, entre os membros da cadeia, e entre as empresas que ocupam a mesma posição nas cadeias. Os resultados que a estrutura analítica gerou possibilitaram traçar perfis de sustentabilidade em cadeias de suprimentos de acordo com o objetivo proposto. O perfil caracteriza de forma simples a posição de sustentabilidade de uma cadeia, usando os mesmos parâmetros de mensuração em todos seus membros. Além disso, a forma como o perfil foi construído permite analisar a cadeia e seus membros nas dimensões social, ambiental e econômica, separadamente. Esse desdobramento facilita a identificação de brechas entre as dimensões e entre as empresas. / Manufacturing a good is a responsibility shared by all the enterprises integrating the supply chain; therefore, each enterprise of the chain should be held responsible for the socioenvironmental implications generated by these products. That being said, enterprises’ socioenvironmental behavior is an aspect to be taken into consideration along all the supply chain. Although there are studies relating sustainability and supply chain, researches have focused mainly on the environmental and economic dimensions. The aspects related to the three sustainability dimensions combined have received little research attention. Furthermore, studies have considered only the focal enterprise as an analysis unit, and these studies hardly ever encompass all the members composing the chain. In this context, this study attempts to develop an analytical structure in order to identify the sustainability profile of supply chains. In the theoretical background it is discussed the sustainability dynamics under the light of the economic, social and environmental dimensions. Afterwards, supply chain management basis are presented, identifying their key elements (structure, processes and components). Subsequently, sustainability is related to management key elements through a sustainable supply chain. The theoretical background proposes the research analytical structure, integrating sustainable parameters into each key element of the supply chain management, so as to build a sustainability profile. Regarding the methodological procedures, the analytical structure has been tested in fourteen rose supply chains in Ecuador. In this kind of chain, the rose grower is considered as the focal enterprise. The supply chains are composed of eight elements: the focal enterprise and seven first level suppliers. Data has been collected through a structured questionnaire. For the chain structuring a sample of 312 enterprises has been used. Out of these, 42 answered the questionnaire, that is, 13% of the total. Only 26 enterprises have been used to outline the chains. Fourteen profiles have been made with the data collected, describing the sustainability position of each enterprise and that of the chain, as if they were unique enterprises. Moreover, the way the profile is presented allows for the unfolding of the positions obtained by each enterprise in the social, environmental and economic dimensions. Such unfolding enables us to identify which enterprise has had the highest or lowest position globally or per dimension. Based on these profiles, three kinds of analysis have been presented: among chains, among chain members, and among enterprises occupying the same position in the chains. The outcomes from this analytical structure have enabled us to outline the sustainability profiles in supply chains according to the proposed aim. This profile characterizes in a simple way the sustainability position of a chain, applying the same measurement parameters to all its members. Furthermore, the way this profile has been built enables us to analyze the chain and its members in the social, environmental and economic dimensions separately. This unfolding makes it easier to identify gaps among the dimensions and the enterprises.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(エネルギー科学) / 甲第19087号 / エネ博第311号 / 新制||エネ||64(附属図書館) / 32038 / 京都大学大学院エネルギー科学研究科エネルギー社会・環境科学専攻 / (主査)教授 手塚 哲央, 教授 宇根﨑 博信, 准教授 MCLELLAN Benjamin / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Energy Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Background: Analytical frameworks (AF) are graphical representation of the key questions answered by a systematic review and can support the development of guideline recommendations. Our objectives are to a) conduct a systematic review to identify, describe and compare all AFs published as part of a systematic and guideline development process related to colorectal cancer (CRC); and b) to use this case study to develop guidance on how to conduct systematic reviews of AFs. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and searched Medline and Embase from 1996 until December 2020. We also manually searched guideline databases and websites. We identified all guidelines in CRC that utilized an AFs and all systematic reviews in primary prevention, screening, and diagnosis of CRC that used AFs. We assessed quality of the guidelines using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II tool. The systematic review was registered in PROSPERO, registration CRD42020172117. Results: We screened 34,505 records and identified 1166 guidelines on CRC and 3127 systematic reviews, of which 5 met our inclusion criteria identifying a total of 4 AFs in colorectal cancer. We describe our search strategy and methods for conducting systematic reviews for AFs. Conclusion: Few guidelines and systematic reviews are utilizing AFs in the development of recommendations. We developed methods for conducting a systematic review on AF / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc) / Analytical frameworks are graphical diagrams that represent key questions with flow of resining from population to outcome. We conducted a systematic review to identify all analytical frameworks in colorectal cancer and in the process we developed guidance on how to conduct a systematic review for analytical frameworks. We identified four analytical frameworks, one in primary prevention, and three in screening of colorectal cancer. We found only a few clinical practice guidelines that utilized analytical frameworks in the development of the recommendations. We developed methods for conducting a systematic review of analytical frameworks.

Tyrimo objektas – gyvybės draudimas. Tyrimo dalykas – gyvybės draudimo analizės požiūriai. Tyrimo tikslas – išanalizavus gyvybės draudimo teorinius pagrindus ir identifikavus problemas, pasiūlyti gyvybės draudimo analizės metodiką, išanalizuoti gyvybės draudimą Lietuvoje ekonominiu ir socialiniu požiūriais bei pateikti išvadas. Uždaviniai: 1. Išanalizuoti gyvybės draudimo teorinius pagrindus ir identifikuoti problemas. 2. Nustatyti gyvybės draudimo analizės kriterijus, atrinkti rodiklius, geriausiai atspindinčius pasirinktus kriterijus ir sudaryti gyvybės draudimo analizės metodiką. 3. Išanalizuoti gyvybės draudimą Lietuvoje ekonominiu ir socialiniu požiūriais bei pateikti išvadas. Tyrimo metodai – mokslinės literatūros ir juridinių dokumentų analizė, loginė ir analitinė analizė, loginis abstraktus modeliavimas, ekonominiai – statistiniai duomenų rinkimo ir analizės metodai; statistinei informacijai apdoroti ir sisteminti panaudoti grupavimo, palyginimo ir grafinio vaizdavimo būdai. Tyrimo rezultatai: · Pirmoje darbo dalyje išnagrinėta gyvybės draudimo esmė ir samprata, gyvybės draudimo rūšys, funkcijos bei ekonominis ir socialinis požiūriai. Pateikiama gyvybės draudimo klasifikavimo kriterijų schema ir išskiriamos gyvybės draudimo analizės problemos. · Antroje darbo dalyje išanalizuoti gyvybės draudimo vertinimo metodai, išskirti gyvybės draudimo analizės kriterijai ir pateikta gyvybės draudimo analizės ekonominiu ir socialiniu požiūriais metodika. · Trečioje dalyje... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The object of research – life insurance. The object of research – life insurance analytical point of views. The aim of research – to desing a framework of life insurance analysis, to analyze economical and social point of views of life insurance in Lithuanian and to provide with conclusions. The objectives are: 1. To analyze theoretical point of views of life insurance and to identify their problems. 2. To determine the list of life insurance analysis criteria, to select indicators for these criteria and to desing a framework for analysis of life insurance. 3. To analyse economical and social point of views of life insurance in Lithuania and provide with conclusions. Methods of research: analysis of scientific papers and legal documents, logical analysis, logical abstractive modeling, economic – statistical data collection methods, data grouping, comparison and graphical representation. Research resuts: · Author analyses concept of life insurance, its types in the first part of the paper. Author emphasizes economical and social point of views of the life Insurance. Authors provides with a scheme of classification criteria of life insurance. Also problems of life insurance analysis are listed in the first part of the paper. · Second part of the paper provides with review of methods of analysis of life insurance in the scientific literature. Author developed a list of criteria used by researchers in the literature. Based on these review author propose a method for analysis of... [to full text]

La formation à distance (FAD) est de plus en plus utilisée dans le cadre de la formation des enseignants aux technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC). Dans les pays en voie de développement, elle permet non seulement de réduire les coûts par rapport à une formation traditionnelle, mais aussi de modéliser des pratiques pédagogiques exemplaires qui permettent de maximiser le recours aux TIC. En ce sens, la formation continue des enseignants aux TIC par des cours à distance qui intègrent des forums de discussion offre plusieurs avantages pour ces pays. L’évaluation des apprentissages réalisés dans les forums reste cependant un problème complexe. Différents modèles et différentes procédures d’évaluation ont été proposés par la littérature, mais aucun n’a encore abordé spécifiquement la culture e-learning des participants telle qu’elle est définie par le modèle IntersTICES (Viens, 2007 ; Viens et Peraya, 2005). L’objectif de notre recherche est l’élaboration d’une grille opérationnelle pour l’analyse de la culture e-learning à partir des contenus de différents forums de discussion utilisés comme activité de formation dans un cours à distance. Pour développer cette grille, nous utiliserons une combinaison de modèles recensés dans la revue de littérature afin de circonscrire les principaux concepts et indicateurs à prendre en compte pour ensuite suivre les procédures relatives à l’analyse de la valeur, une méthodologie qui appelle la production d’un cahier des charges fonctionnel, la production de l’outil, puis sa mise à l’essai auprès d’experts. Cette procédure nous a permis de mettre sur pied une grille optimale, opérationnelle et appuyée par une base théorique et méthodologique solide. / The reality of a globally interconnected knowledge society is now possible by the continuous advances in Information and Telecommunications Technology (ICT) in which broadband availability has made possible for people to meet, discuss, learn, and innovate in virtual spaces: anywhere and anytime. For this society, the education system has no boundaries with virtual spaces used by educators and students alike to learn and exchange knowledge: the knowledge and role of the teachers in this case is fundamental to the successful development of this society. As such, distance learning is increasingly used for training teachers not only in ICT but also in the use of pedagogical tools that can improve the in-class learning. With the limited availability of physical exchanges, developing countries are main beneficiaries of distance education as it not only provides high quality learning as it attracts worldwide experts in its forums at a fraction of the costs when compared to the traditional face-to-face training but also allows for modeling best teaching practices that can maximize the benefits of ICT in the education system. In this sense, the ICT training of teachers in distance learning courses allows for a wide range and a high qualitative exchange in these discussion forums, which is a clear advantage for developing countries. The evaluation of learning achieved in the forums, however, remains a complex problem. Different models and assessment procedures have been proposed in a wide range of literature but none have specifically addressed the e-learning culture as defined by the model IntersTICES (Viens, 2007 ; Viens and Peraya, 2005). The aim of this research is to develop an analytical framework for the e-learning culture using the contents of discussion forums for training activities in distance learning courses. In developing this analytical framework, we reviewed and used a combination of models identified in the literature and categorized key concepts and indicators for a value analysis methodology and a function analysis system technique. As result, we developed the framework and tested it with experts in the field. This process allowed us to develop an analytical and operational framework supported by a solid theoretical basis.