Atualmente, uma das grandes vantagens competitivas que uma empresa possui em relação a seu concorrente é a informação sobre seu cliente. As estratégias de Customer Relationship Management (CRM), propiciam o profundo conhecimento do cliente, para que a empresa possa tratá-lo de forma personalizada e reconhecê-lo como seu principal patrimônio. Segundo TAURION (2000) e DW BRASIL (2001), para suportar essa tecnologia, é necessário que as empresas possuam um repositório de dados históricos de clientes. O Data Warehouse (DW) possui diversas características que utilizam, de forma adequada e eficiente, ferramentas de desenvolvimento de modernos bancos de dados. Através da ferramenta Data Mining (DM), é possível descobrir novas correlações, padrões e tendências entre informações de uma empresa pela extração e análise dos dados do DW. A análise dos dados também pode ser feita através de sistemas On Line Analytical Proccess (OLAP), os quais ajudam analistas a sintetizar informações sobre as empresas, por meio de comparações, visões personalizadas, análise histórica e projeção de dados em vários cenários. Diante deste contexto, parece possível afirmar que o DW, juntamente com o OLAP, podem proporcionar grande suporte à estratégia de CRM. Desta forma, esta pesquisa apresenta como objetivo identificar e analisar as principais contribuições que o DW e suas ferramentas podem dar à estratégia CRM Analítico. / Nowadays, the great competitive advantage that a company possesses in relation to your competitor is the information about its customer. The strategies of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) provide deep knowledge about the customer, so that the company can treat them in a personalized way and it recognizes them as its main patrimony. According to TAURION (2000) and DW BRASIL (2001), to support that technology, it is necessary that the companies possess a repository of customers\' historical data. Data Warehouse (DW) possesses several characteristics that use, in appropriate and efficient way, tools of development of modern databases and, through the too Data Mining (DM) discovers new correlations, pattems and tendencies among information of a company, for the analysis of the data of DW. The analysis of the data can also be made through the systems On Line Analytical Proccess (OLAP), which help analysts and executives to synthesize information on the companies, by means of comparisons, personalized visions, historical analysis and projection of data in several sceneries. In this context, it can be stated that DW and DM can provide great support to the strategy of CRM. Thus, this work presents as objective to identify the main contributions that DW and their tools can give to the strategy of Analytical CRM.

Atualmente, uma das grandes vantagens competitivas que uma empresa possui em relação a seu concorrente é a informação sobre seu cliente. As estratégias de Customer Relationship Management (CRM), propiciam o profundo conhecimento do cliente, para que a empresa possa tratá-lo de forma personalizada e reconhecê-lo como seu principal patrimônio. Segundo TAURION (2000) e DW BRASIL (2001), para suportar essa tecnologia, é necessário que as empresas possuam um repositório de dados históricos de clientes. O Data Warehouse (DW) possui diversas características que utilizam, de forma adequada e eficiente, ferramentas de desenvolvimento de modernos bancos de dados. Através da ferramenta Data Mining (DM), é possível descobrir novas correlações, padrões e tendências entre informações de uma empresa pela extração e análise dos dados do DW. A análise dos dados também pode ser feita através de sistemas On Line Analytical Proccess (OLAP), os quais ajudam analistas a sintetizar informações sobre as empresas, por meio de comparações, visões personalizadas, análise histórica e projeção de dados em vários cenários. Diante deste contexto, parece possível afirmar que o DW, juntamente com o OLAP, podem proporcionar grande suporte à estratégia de CRM. Desta forma, esta pesquisa apresenta como objetivo identificar e analisar as principais contribuições que o DW e suas ferramentas podem dar à estratégia CRM Analítico. / Nowadays, the great competitive advantage that a company possesses in relation to your competitor is the information about its customer. The strategies of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) provide deep knowledge about the customer, so that the company can treat them in a personalized way and it recognizes them as its main patrimony. According to TAURION (2000) and DW BRASIL (2001), to support that technology, it is necessary that the companies possess a repository of customers\' historical data. Data Warehouse (DW) possesses several characteristics that use, in appropriate and efficient way, tools of development of modern databases and, through the too Data Mining (DM) discovers new correlations, pattems and tendencies among information of a company, for the analysis of the data of DW. The analysis of the data can also be made through the systems On Line Analytical Proccess (OLAP), which help analysts and executives to synthesize information on the companies, by means of comparisons, personalized visions, historical analysis and projection of data in several sceneries. In this context, it can be stated that DW and DM can provide great support to the strategy of CRM. Thus, this work presents as objective to identify the main contributions that DW and their tools can give to the strategy of Analytical CRM.

abstract: Alternative energy technologies must become more cost effective to achieve grid parity with fossil fuels. Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are an innovative third generation photovoltaic technology, which is demonstrating tremendous potential to become a revolutionary technology due to recent breakthroughs in cost of fabrication. The study here focused on quality improvement measures undertaken to improve fabrication of DSSCs and enhance process efficiency and effectiveness. Several quality improvement methods were implemented to optimize the seven step individual DSSC fabrication processes. Lean Manufacturing's 5S method successfully increased efficiency in all of the processes. Six Sigma's DMAIC methodology was used to identify and eliminate each of the root causes of defects in the critical titanium dioxide deposition process. These optimizations resulted with the following significant improvements in the production process: 1. fabrication time of the DSSCs was reduced by 54 %; 2. fabrication procedures were improved to the extent that all critical defects in the process were eliminated; 3. the quantity of functioning DSSCs fabricated was increased from 17 % to 90 %. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S.Tech Technology 2012

Après plus de cent ans de recherche sur les inscriptions gravées sur os et écailles de tortue datant de la fin de la dynastie Shāng, ce matériel graphique réévalue la paléographie chinoise qui est née au fur et à mesure de l’évolution de l’étude des inscriptions sur bronze entamée par les lettrés Sòng. Cette discipline à part entière qui est désormais inscrite dans l’étude de l’écriture chinoise, est marquée par le caractère interdisciplinaire qu’implique une approche multilatérale au vu de l’emploi de cette écriture en Chine antique du XIIIème au XIème siècle av. J.-C. dans un contexte de divination de la maison royale Shāng. Le présent travail se concentre sur l’identification et la compréhension de cette écriture, dont le déchiffrement constitue la tâche principale. Le déchiffrement graphique est soumis à l’épreuve visant à le définir et, tout particulièrement, à le systématiser dans un contexte philologique et culturel spécifique. La présente thèse se consacre à la tâche de repérer une méthodologie de base du déchiffrement de l’écriture sur os et écailles dans le cadre de l’avancement de son étude tout au long du XXème siècle et jusqu’à nos jours. / The inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells of the late Shāng dynasty have been studied for more than one hundred years. These graphical materials have given a new value to Chinese palaeography which was developed gradually from the studies of bronze inscriptions by Sòng scholars. This independent discipline has now become part of the science of Chinese writing and is marked by its interdisciplinary character and multilateral approach. Such an approach is required in the investigation of a writing system that goes back to the 13th-11th centuries BC period, when it was used for divinatory purposes in China during the rule of the Shāng royal dynasty. This paper focuses on the identification and comprehension of this script with the ultimate objective of deciphering it. Graphical deciphering is tested in order to define and systematize it in a specific philological and cultural background. The main thrust of the paper is the search for a fundamental methodology of the deciphering process of oracle bone inscriptions in the framework of the advancement of this process in the course of the 20th century and until now.

[ES] En Ecuador, los emprendimientos productivos asociativos vinculados a la economía social y solidaria han aumentado en número en los últimos años, mostrando una importante oportunidad laboral para pequeños productores y personas excluidas del mercado de trabajo formal. Este tipo de iniciativas de la economía social tradicional, como cooperativas y asociaciones, surgen principalmente como respuesta a la falta de trabajo y actúan en el mercado con una débil capacidad de gestión empresarial, lo que pone en riesgo su sostenibilidad organizacional, generando además una divergencia de criterios de desempeño organizacional bajo dimensiones sociales y empresariales que son debatidas en la literatura existente. El objetivo de esta tesis es desarrollar una metodología de gestión para empresas asociativas de economía social y solidaria, bajo una técnica de decisión multicriterio que priorice y sistematice criterios sociales y empresariales para promover la sostenibilidad organizativa de estas iniciativas. La revisión bibliográfica reveló la importancia del paradigma de la gestión estratégica participativa, los sistemas de medición del desempeño y las técnicas de decisión multicriterio en la gestión empresarial, lo cual, sumados a los factores de éxito en emprendimientos asociativos de economía social publicados en importantes investigaciones, brindaron suficiente sustento teórico para el diseño de la propuesta metodológica. La propuesta se diseñó a partir de la combinación de la metodología de gestión Balanced Scorecard (BSC), que proporciona una estructura sistémica hacia el logro de la visión organizacional, y la técnica de decisión multicriterio Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), permitió definir y priorizar indicadores de gestión según factores de éxito, bajo análisis de contenido y criterio experto. Los resultados muestran el valor representativo de la perspectiva social y de aprendizaje en la gestión de emprendimientos asociativos, donde los indicadores de gestión de integración laboral, liderazgo participativo y capacitación técnica se presentan como los principales impulsores para mejorar la situación productiva, comercial y financiera, que sistémicamente lograron mejorar las condiciones de sostenibilidad organizacional. La aplicación y validación de la propuesta metodológica ratifica la factibilidad de integrar criterios sociales y empresariales en la gestión de emprendimientos sociales, donde se prioriza la perspectiva social y de aprendizaje para incidir en la eficiencia productiva, la expansión comercial y la disponibilidad de recursos financieros, generando valor económico y social que impulsa la sostenibilidad organizacional de estos emprendimientos. En conclusión, se puede señalar que la priorización e integración de indicadores de gestión empresarial y social bajo criterios sociales y empresariales impulsaría la sostenibilidad organizativa de los emprendimientos asociativos, donde la perspectiva social sería el principio y fin de este tipo de empresas, ya que estas iniciativas surgen y se sostienen principalmente por el valor social que pueden aportar a sus asociados, que es el de generar trabajo digno e inclusivo. La novedosa y útil combinación metodológica BSC-AHP con criterios sociales y empresariales, que revela el estudio, brinda la oportunidad de diseñar nuevos modelos y metodologías de gestión para proyectos o emprendimientos sostenibles, donde la importancia que el estudio otorga a la perspectiva social abre la oportunidad de generar nuevos estudios sobre gestión social en emprendimientos o proyectos sostenibles, y también invita a definir indicadores de sostenibilidad organizacional en diferentes sectores económicos. / [CA] A l'Equador, les emprenedories productives associatives vinculats a l'economia social i solidària han augmentat en número en els últims anys, mostrant una important oportunitat laboral per a xicotets productors i persones excloses del mercat de treball formal. Aquest tipus d'iniciatives de l'economia social tradicional, com a cooperatives i associacions, sorgeixen principalment com a resposta a la falta de treball i actuen en el mercat amb una feble capacitat de gestió empresarial, la qual cosa posa en risc la seua sostenibilitat organitzacional, generant a més una divergència de criteris d'acompliment organitzacional sota dimensions socials i empresarials que són debatudes en la literatura existent. L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi és desenvolupar una metodologia de gestió per a empreses associatives d'economia social i solidària, sota una tècnica de decisió multicriteri que prioritze i sistematitze criteris socials i empresarials per a promoure la sostenibilitat organitzativa d'aquestes iniciatives. La revisió bibliogràfica va revelar la importància del paradigma de la gestió estratègica participativa, els sistemes de mesurament de l'acompliment i les tècniques de decisió multicriteri en la gestió empresarial, la qual cosa, sumats als factors d'èxit en emprenedories associatives d'economia social publicats en importants investigacions, van brindar suficient manteniment teòric per al disseny de la proposta metodològica. La proposta es va dissenyar a partir de la combinació de la metodologia de gestió *Balanced *Scorecard (*BSC), que proporciona una estructura sistèmica cap a l'assoliment de la visió organitzacional, i la tècnica de decisió multicriteri *Analytic *Hierarchy *Process (*AHP), va permetre definir i prioritzar indicadors de gestió segons factors d'èxit, sota anàlisi de contingut i criteri expert. Els resultats mostren el valor representatiu de la perspectiva social i d'aprenentatge en la gestió d'emprenedories associatives, on els indicadors de gestió d'integració laboral, lideratge participatiu i capacitació tècnica es presenten com els principals impulsors per a millorar la situació productiva, comercial i financera, que sistèmicament van aconseguir millorar les condicions de sostenibilitat organitzacional. L'aplicació i validació de la proposta metodològica ratifica la factibilitat d'integrar criteris socials i empresarials en la gestió d'emprenedories socials, on es prioritza la perspectiva social i d'aprenentatge per a incidir en l'eficiència productiva, l'expansió comercial i la disponibilitat de recursos financers, generant valor econòmic i social que impulsa la sostenibilitat organitzacional d'aquestes emprenedories. En conclusió, es pot assenyalar que la priorització i integració d'indicadors de gestió empresarial i social sota criteris socials i empresarials impulsaria la sostenibilitat organitzativa de les emprenedories associatives, on la perspectiva social seria el principi i fi d'aquest tipus d'empreses, ja que aquestes iniciatives sorgeixen i se sostenen principalment pel valor social que poden aportar als seus associats, que és el de generar treball digne i inclusiu. La nova i útil combinació metodològica *BSC-*AHP amb criteris socials i empresarials, que revela l'estudi, brinda l'oportunitat de dissenyar nous models i metodologies de gestió per a projectes o emprenedories sostenibles, on la importància que l'estudi atorga a la perspectiva social obri l'oportunitat de generar nous estudis sobre gestió social en emprenedories o projectes sostenibles, i també convida a definir indicadors de sostenibilitat organitzacional en diferents sectors econòmics. / [EN] In Ecuador, associative productive enterprises linked to the social and solidarity economy have increased in number in recent years, showing an important labour opportunity for small producers and people excluded from the formal labour market. Initiatives of this kind in the traditional social economy, such as cooperatives and associations, arise mainly as a response to the lack of work and act in the market with a weak business management capacity, which puts their organisational sustainability at risk, also generating a divergence of organisational performance criteria under social and business dimensions that are debated in the existing literature. The aim of this thesis is to develop a management methodology for associative enterprises of social and solidarity economy, under a multi-criteria decision technique that prioritises and systematises social and business criteria to promote the organisational sustainability of these enterprises. The bibliographic review revealed the importance of the paradigm of participatory strategic management, performance measurement systems and multi-criteria decision techniques in business management, which, added to the success factors in associative ventures in social economy published in important research, provided sufficient theoretical support for the design of the methodological proposal. The proposal was designed from the combination of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) management methodology, which provides a systemic structure towards the achievement of the organisational vision, and the multi-criteria decision technique, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), which allowed management indicators to be defined and prioritised according to success factors, under content analysis and expert criteria. The results show the representative value of the social and learning perspective in the management of associative enterprises, where management indicators of labour integration, participative leadership and technical training are presented as the main drivers to improve the productive, commercial and financial situation, which systemically managed improve the conditions of organisational sustainability. The application and validation of the methodological proposal ratifies the feasibility of integrating social and business criteria in the management of social ventures, where the social and learning perspective is prioritised to influence productive efficiency, commercial expansion and availability of financial resources, generating economic and social value that drives the organisational sustainability of these enterprises. In conclusion, it can be noted that the prioritization and integration of business and social management indicators under social and business criteria would boost the organizational sustainability of associative ventures, where the social perspective would be the beginning and end of this type of enterprises, since these initiatives arise and are sustained mainly by the social value they can provide to their associates, which is mainly to generate decent and inclusive work. The novel and useful BSC-AHP methodological combination with social and business criteria, which the study reveals, provides the opportunity to design new management models and methodologies for sustainable projects or ventures, where the importance that the study gives to the social perspective opens up the opportunity to generate new studies on social management in sustainable ventures or projects, and also invites the definition of organisational sustainability indicators in different economic sectors. / Guananga Quishpe, LA. (2024). Diseño y validación de una metodología de gestión para emprendimientos asociativos basada en la Técnica de Decisión Multicriterio AHP [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/203891