No description available.

This thesis studies the works of a Greek doctor who lived in the first century A. D. Rufus of Ephesus. It is based on a reading of primary sources in both Greek, Latin and Arabic. The materials preserved in Arabic translation has not been fully studied before. This thesis attempts to draw a general picture of Rufus' life and practice of medicine. It looks for Rufus' learning centre, places of his practice of medicine and lists his writings and the various editions and translations they went through. The thesis discusses Rufus' status as a practitioner and, in particular, the criteria on which his choice of therapies were based. His explanations of the occurrences of diseases, whether expressed explicitly or implicitly are considered in detail. His views on humoral causation are investigated at length in this study in order to establish Rufus originality or conventionality. Bed-side medicine is another important aspect of Rufus' activities. In order to have an insight into Rufus' clinical thinking, this thesis studies carefully his treatise Medical Questions, in which Rufus advocates interrogating the patient in order to recognize his or her case more accurately and promote a better treatment. This treatise has an important value per se as it is the first ever Greek medical treatise which discusses exclusively the art of medical questioning. This thesis discusses Rufus' methods of therapy by concentrating on three different diseases, lithiasis, melancholy and jaundice. It concludes with paying attention to the issues of the Arabs' interest in the Greek civilization by investigating the reasons behind the translation of Rufus' works into Arabic, identifying the translators, and studying the Arabs' reception of Rufus' teaching.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Iowa, 2008. / Thesis supervisor: Takis Poulakos. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 126-134).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 193-198).

Habilitationsschrift--Universität Bern, 1982. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [201]-215) and index.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2005. / Supervisors: Lesley Dean-Jones and Robert J. Hankinson. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 193-198). Also available on the Internet.

I argue the science of medicine and medical analogy in Plato provides the grounds for Plato’s formulation of his metaphysics, epistemology, psychology, and ethics. The metaphysics of the Forms, as known by the argument from the sciences, can be derived from medical analogy when accompanied by knowledge of ancient Greek medicine. Plato’s realism regarding non-spatiotemporal objects and his understanding of them as explanations for identities, functions, and ends are thoughts obtainable to one who reflects on the contemporaneous science of medicine. Similarly, Plato’s psychology, namely his parts of the soul doctrine, psychological egoism, and nonrationalism, can all be explained economically by light of medical analogy. Thus, if one traces the motivation for these arguments in medical analogy back to their source in the science of medicine, one gets the result that Plato’s big ideas stand on the science of medicine as his intellectual forbearer. Plato, just like the rest of us, thinks by means of the technologies of his day. This situates Plato’s philosophy in the technologies and sciences that surround him in a way previously unexplored.

O tema desta Tese é a interpretação dos sonhos no tratado hipocrático Da dieta, como uma forma de conhecimento do corpo. Trata-se de uma forma de mapeamento das perturbações do corpo que não são evidentes a uma mera observação diagnóstica e que serve como um tipo específico de prognose para a manutenção da saúde: a prodiagnose. O conhecimento e reconhecimento dos sonhos enquanto material da prodiagnose depende da compreensão do processo de conformação do corpo e da alma, que ocorre por meio da apomímesis toû hólou. Essa apomímesis supõe uma relação analógica de correspondência e reciprocidade entre uma esfera macrocósmica relativa aos elementos de uma parte da phýsis que é imutável, e uma microcósmica, relativa ao corpo, que, por sua vez possui elementos da phýsis passíveis de modificação por meio da dieta. A Tese procura mapear nos escritos hipocráticos coevos ao Da dieta elementos que deem conta de delinear uma conceituação do sono, do sonho, da alma e do corpo. / The theme of this Thesis is the interpretation of dreams in the Hippocratic treatise On Regimen, considered as a form of body knowledge. This body knowledge is a form of mapping bodily disorders that are not visible to a mere medical diagnosis, and also configures itself as a specific type of prognosis in regard of health maintenance: the prodiagnosis. The knowledge and recognition of dreams as prodiagnosis material depends on the understanding of body and soul formation processes, which occur by the concept of apomímesis toû hólou. This apomímesis could be considered as an analog relationship of correspondence and reciprocity between a macrocosmic sphere, regarding a part of phýsis which is immutable, and a microcosmic sphere of the body, which, on the other hand, has some elements of phýsis that can be modified through the diet. The thesis seeks to link some coeval Hippocratic writings to that of On regimen that give account to draw up the concepts of sleep, dream, soul and body.

Hippocrates, and later Galen, hypothesized that a person's character was influenced by a combination of four humors that governed the body: black bile, phlegm, yellow bile, and blood. Centuries later, the Elizabethans adopted these ideologies to their medical practices, and associated each humor with one of four temperaments: melancholy, phlegmatic, choleric, and sanguine. References to the four temperaments may be found embedded in a number of William Shakespeare's texts, most notably Hamlet, Henry IV, Part 1, Macbeth, and Twelfth Night. While many figures in Shakespeare embody many humoral traits, allowing for character development throughout the play, several characters possess a superfluity of one particular humor. As these characters motivate the action of each respective play, the play provides textual evidence that identifies the traits associated with each temperament. Hamlet exemplifies the melancholy temperament, Sir John Falstaff the phlegmatic temperament, Lady Macbeth the choleric temperament, and Viola the sanguine temperament. The respective personalities of these characters are revealed not only by their actions in the plays but by numerous textual allusions to each humor. In examining these four characters, the reader may become familiar with the humor that each character represents, and, in turn, possess a greater knowledge of the driving forces behind many of Shakespeare's heroes, heroines, villains, and clowns. Moreover, these examinations may also shed light on the beliefs of early modern England and the beginning of character study and development.