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The parasitic nematodes Ancylostoma caninum and Oesophagostomum radiatum were collected and analyzed for intestinal inorganic granules. Three means of identification were utilized to determine the composition granules, including birefringence, x-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectrometric (EDS) analysis. Initial x-ray diffraction results of the two worms showed a calcium sulfide presence within the worms. Closer examination of the granules within Ancylostoma caninum however, utilizing EDS analysis revealed their composition to be zinc sulfide. These results concur with those of Rogers (1940) and Clark (1956) who found zinc sulfide granules in several species of Strongylus. The ZnS granules seem to be a result of a detoxification function that binds excess zinc and sulfhydryl groups present from the ingestion and breakdown of dietary blood meals.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-08-11T12:45:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Auxiliadora de Moraes Ostermann.pdf: 1065380 bytes, checksum: 7562bc6d4f94fe6fff4c90d431b36942 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-11T12:45:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Auxiliadora de Moraes Ostermann.pdf: 1065380 bytes, checksum: 7562bc6d4f94fe6fff4c90d431b36942 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-11 / The gastrointestinal helminths assume importance for the aetiology of gastroenteritis in dogs, being the canine helminthosis a global and high prevalence problem, showing many of them, important zoonotic potential. The stray dogs are an important point in a program to control helminth infection in urban centers. They are generally excluded from any program, although assume great importance in the maintenance and dissemination of these parasites in urban areas. The more accurate knowledge about the epidemiology and prophylaxis of the most important parasites of dogs, particularly about its impact and prevalence, are fundamental to the adoption of appropriate prophylactic measures to protect human. It was proposed in this paper to evaluate the gastrointestinal helminth infection and techniques of diagnosis of infection in stray dogs from the municipality of Recife - Pernambuco State - Brazil. Strays dogs captured by the Center for Environmental Surveillance of the City of Recife - PE were used, totalizing 96 dogs. The animals were subjected to euthanasia and necropsy, and fecal samples were collected and submitted to the techniques of simple fluctuation and spontaneous sedimentation. It was realized macroscopic examination of the intern organs, whose changes were noted in files of necropsy, and performed the collection of adult gastrointestinal helminths for identification. The results showed positivity of 96.8% (93/96), with 83.3%, 14.6%, 30.2%, 6.3%, 28.1%, 34.4% and 2.1%, respectively for Ancylostoma caninum, A. braziliense, Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Dypilidium caninum and Spirocerca lupi. The methods of Willis, sedimentation and necropsy were significantly different only in the detection of Ancylostoma spp. Willis and sedimentation showed no differences among themselves for the other helminths. Macroscopic lesions were found in all organs of the gastrointestinal tract or organs involved in the parasitic phase of the life cycle of helminths, becoming the majority of them in bleeding, predominantly in the small intestine. / Os helmintos gastrintestinais assumem importância significativa na etiologia das gastrenterites em caninos, sendo as helmintoses de origem canina um problema mundial e de prevalência elevada, apresentando, muitas delas, importante potencial zoonótico. Um ponto importante em um programa de controle de verminose nos centros urbanos são os cães errantes. Eles estão geralmente excluídos de qualquer programa, embora assumam grande importância na manutenção e disseminação dessas parasitoses no meio urbano. O conhecimento mais acurado sobre epidemiologia e a profilaxia dos parasitos mais importantes de cães, particularmente sobre as suas incidências e prevalências, são fundamentais para a adoção de medidas profiláticas adequadas para a proteção humana. Propôs-se neste trabalho avaliar a infecção por helmintos gastrintestinais e as técnicas de diagnóstico da infecção em cães errantes procedentes do município de Recife – PE. Foram utilizados 96 cães errantes, apreendidos pelo Centro de Vigilância Ambiental da Cidade do Recife – PE (CVA/PE). Os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia e necropsia, sendo coletadas amostras fecais que foram submetidas às técnicas de flutuação simples e sedimentação espontânea. Realizou-se exame macroscópico dos órgãos, cujas alterações foram anotadas em fichas de necropsia, efetuou-se, ainda a coleta de helmintos gastrintestinais adultos para identificação. Os resultados apontaram positividade de 96,9% (93/96), sendo 83,3%, 14,6%, 30,2%, 6,3%, 28,1%, 34,4%, 2,1%, respectivamente para Ancylostoma caninum, A. braziliense, Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Trichuris vulpis, Dypilidium caninum e Spirocerca lupi. Os métodos de Willis, sedimentação e necropsia foram significativamente diferentes entre si apenas na detecção de infecção por Ancylostoma spp. Willis e sedimentação não apresentaram diferenças entre si para os demais helmintos. Lesões macroscópicas foram evidenciadas em todos os órgãos do trato gastrintestinal ou em órgãos envolvidos na fase parasitária do ciclo biológico dos helmintos, constituindo-se a maioria delas em hemorragias, predominantemente no intestino delgado.

Ancylostoma caninum, un nématode parasite, présente une prévalence élevée chez les chiens dans le monde. L'ankylostomiase canine peut être diagnostiquée à l'aide de tests coprologiques qui détectent les œufs ressemblant à des ankylostomes, ainsi que la présence de symptômes tels que l'anémie et les selles noires. Ces dernières années, le nombre de rapports établissant une résistance aux anthelminthiques chez A. caninum aux États-Unis d’Amérique a considérablement augmenté. Cette tendance émergente a incité notre enquête sur la possibilité qu’un scénario similaire se produise au Canada. L'objectif de cette étude était d'étudier la survenue d'une infection à A. caninum chez un groupe de chiens de refuge au Québec ayant préalablement reçu un traitement anthelminthique. De plus, l'étude visait à évaluer l'établissement potentiel d'une résistance anthelminthique contre ce parasite en employant des approches modifiées pour détecter les infections à faible prévalence. La procédure d'examen a été réalisée dans deux groupes distincts : un groupe local et un groupe composé de trois chiens des États-Unis d'Amérique (groupe USA). Le test coprologique a été réalisé avant et après un traitement anthelminthique incluant les benzimidazoles. De plus, la présence d'A. caninum a été confirmée par une amplification PCR précise du gène ITS-2. Le groupe local a montré un effet thérapeutique significatif après avoir reçu du fenbendazole. L'identification d'une mutation hétérozygote au niveau du codon 167 du gène de l'isotype 1 de la β-tubuline dans le groupe américain a été réalisée par analyse moléculaire. Ainsi, en évaluant les résultats thérapeutiques du fenbendazole, nous pouvons confirmer son efficacité variable comme anthelminthique contre A. caninum. De plus, des preuves moléculaires indiquent la présence d'isolats résistants dans le pays, ce qui pourrait potentiellement constituer un défi important pour contrôler les nématodes gastro-intestinaux chez les animaux de compagnie / Ancylostoma caninum, a parasitic nematode, exhibits a high prevalence in dogs globally. Canine ancylostomiasis can be diagnosed using coprological tests that detect hookworm-like eggs, as well as the presence of symptoms such as anaemia and dark stool. In recent years, there has been a significant rise in the number of reports establishing anthelmintic resistance in A. caninum within the United States of America. This emerging trend has prompted our investigation on the possibility of a similar scenario occurring in Canada. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of A. caninum infection in a group of shelter dogs in Quebec who had previously received anthelmintic treatment. Additionally, the study aimed to assess the potential establishment of anthelmintic resistance against this parasite by employing modified approaches to detect infections with a low prevalence. The examination procedure was carried out in two distinct groups: a native group and a group consisting of three dogs from the United States of America (USA group). The coprological test was undertaken both prior to and following anthelmintic treatment, which included the benzimidazoles. Moreover, A. caninum presence was confirmed via precise PCR amplification of the ITS-2 gene. The native group showed a significant treatment effect after receiving fenbendazole. The identification of a heterozygous mutation at codon 167 on the β-tubulin isotype-1 gene in the USA group was achieved through molecular analysis. Thus, by assessing the therapeutic outcomes of fenbendazole, we can confirm its varying effectiveness as an anthelmintic against A. caninum. Additionally, molecular evidence indicates the presence of resistant isolates in the country, which could potentially pose a significant challenge for controlling gastrointestinal nematodes in companion animals.