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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Impact du méthylmercure sur le potentiel de migration, le statut énergétique et les mécanismes de détoxication chez la civelle d’anguille européenne (Anguilla anguilla) : Etudes in situ et expérimentale / Impact of methylmercury on the migratory behaviour, energetic status and detoxification processes in the European glass eel (Anguilla Anguilla) : in situ and in experimental studies.

Julie Célia, Claveau 04 December 2014 (has links)
Européenne, (Anguilla anguilla) a conduit à une diminution du nombre d’anguille jaune dans les bassins versants. En 2007, le règlement (CE) instaure que 60% des civelles pêchées (<12 cm de long) doivent être dédiés à des opérations de repeuplement. Cependant, pour migrer et coloniser un nouvel environnement, les civelles doivent avoir une bonne condition énergétique. Or, les civelles ne s’alimentent pas ou peu durant leur migration estuarienne et la vitesse d’utilisation de leurs réserves dépend de divers facteurs (température, contaminants etc.). Dans l’estuaire de l’Adour, différents travaux ont mis en évidence de fortes concentrations en methylmercure (MeHg) dans les sédiments et une bioaccumulation de ce composé chez l’anguille jaune. L’exposition au MeHg entraîne la mise en place de processus de détoxication qui pourraient être couteux en énergie ce qui, chez des organismes jeûnant comme les civelles, conduirait à une perte de poids pouvant affecter leurs capacités de migration. Pour étudier l’impact du méthylmercure sur le potentiel de migration des civelles, nous avons tout d’abord (1) effectuer un état des lieux des concentrations en MeHg des civelles de l’estuaire de l’Adour, (2) évaluer l’effet du MeHg sur deux synchroniseurs de la migration estuarienne: le signal crépusculaire et l’alternance des marées chez les civelles grâce à l’utilisation de traceurs isotopiques et (3) étudier dans le milieu naturel (Adour) le comportement de migration, les taux de contamination au mercure et les mécanismes de détoxication des civelles. Nos résultats montrent des fluctuations temporelles et saisonnières de la concentration en MeHg des civelles prélevées en entrée et en milieu de l’estuaire. Par ailleurs, l’exposition au MeHg, en milieu contrôlé, a augmenté l'activité des civelles mais pas leur comportement de migration. Cependant, suite à la contamination, la structure mitochondriale et le métabolisme ont été modifiés suggérant un plus fort stress oxydant et une activation des défenses antioxydantes notamment des civelles ayant un faible potentiel de migration (non migrantes).En complément, l’étude en milieu naturel a mis en évidence une plus forte demande énergétique pour les civelles non migrantes entrainant une augmentation du fonctionnement des mitochondries et pouvant conduire à un plus fort stress oxydant. / Over the last three decades, the arrival of Anguilla anguilla glass eels has markedly declined which has lead to a decrease in the number of yellow eels in the watersheds. In 2007, the Regulation (EC) indicated that 60% of glass eels (<12cm long) caught by fisheries should be used for restocking. To migrate and colonize a new environment, glass eels must have a good energetic condition. However, during their estuarine migration, glass eels either feed very little or more likely not at all. The speed at which they expend their energy stores depends on various factors (temperature, contaminants etc.). In the Adour estuary, many studies have reported relatively high methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in the sediments, and bioaccumulation in yellow eels. Exposure to MeHg requires energy for detoxification which, in starving organisms such as glass eels, might lead to weight loss, decreasing their ability to migrate up the estuary. To study the impact of MeHg on migratory behaviour in glass eels, we first conducted an inventory of MeHg concentrations of glass eels in the estuary of the Adour, (2) evaluate the effect of MeHg on two synchronizers of estuarine migration: dusk and tide on glass eels through the use of isotopic tracers and (3) to study the natural environment (Adour) migratory behavior, mercury contamination levels and detoxification mechanisms of glass eels. Our results show temporal and seasonal fluctuations in the concentration of MeHg glass eels collected input and middle of the estuary. Moreover, MeHg exposure, in a controlled environment, increased the activity of glass eels but not in response to migratory behavior. However, due to contamination, mitochondrial structure and metabolism have been modified suggesting a stronger oxidative stress and activation of antioxidant defences of glass eels, particularly those with low migration potential (non-migrant). In addition, the wild study showed a higher energy demand for non-migrating glass eels causing an increase in mitochondrial function which may lead to higher oxidative stress.
12

Population genetics of the Japanese eel : anguilla japonica (temminck & schlegel) /

Chan, Kwok-kuen. January 1996 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 83-90).
13

Functional and morphometric study of the isolated chloride cell and respiratory cell from the gill epithelium of the Japanese eel, Anguilla Japonica (Temminck & Schlegel) /

Wong, Kong-chu. January 1996 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 142-189).
14

Study of male reproductive physiology and sperm conservation in the european EEL ( Anguilla anguilla, L.)

Sánchez Peñaranda, David 12 September 2008 (has links)
La anguila europea es una especie de gran importancia comercial en la acuicultura europea, pero el dramático descenso de las poblaciones naturales ha provocado la inclusión de esta especie en la lista CITES (convención del comercio internacional de especies en peligro de la fauna y flora salvaje). Considerando esta situación, se hace necesaria más investigación en el control reproductivo. El presente documento contiene 5 estudios que se pueden dividir en dos partes principales: la primera, una descripción del proceso de la maduración artificial de la anguila, seguida por una segunda parte centrada en el de desarrollo de técnicas para la evaluación de la calidad espermática, y la conservación del esperma. Una vez fijado el tratamiento hormonal en anteriores estudios, nosotros hemos estudiado la evolución de la calidad espermática a lo largo del periodo de espermiación, tratando de determinar las semanas con mayor porcentaje de muestras con alta calidad espermática. Para la evaluación de la calidad espermática los parámetros analizados fueron los siguientes: porcentaje de células vivas, motilidad, y morfometría de la cabeza del espermatozoide. El porcentaje de células vivas fue medido poniendo a punto técnicas de tinción fluorescentes, mientras que la medida del tamaño de la cabeza fue llevado a cabo por un programa informático (sistema ASMA), pero este análisis presentó problemas debido a la especial forma de la cabeza del espermatozoide de esta especie. Para validar esta técnica fue necesario comparar los resultados obtenidos por el sistema ASMA con los obtenidos por el microscopio electrónico de barrido. Distintos machos que recibieron el mismo tratamiento hormonal mostraron diferentes respuestas en cuanto al nivel de desarrollo gonadal y calidad espermática. Para entender qué factores podían influir en en estos factores, se realizó por primera vez la descripción de la maduración de machos de anguila europea, analizando la expresión de GnRHs y gonadotropinas, los n / Sánchez Peñaranda, D. (2008). Study of male reproductive physiology and sperm conservation in the european EEL ( Anguilla anguilla, L.) [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/3063 / Palancia
15

Characterization of tachykinin system and role in reproduction in the European eel / Caractérisation du système tachykinin et leur rôle en reproduction chez l'Anguille européenne

Campo, Aurora 20 November 2018 (has links)
L’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier le rôle de neuropeptides cérébraux, telle que la Neurokinin B codée par le gène tac3, dans le contrôle de la reproduction d’une espèce en danger, l’anguille Européenne, Anguilla anguilla. La maturation sexuelle de l’anguille est bloquée à un stade prépubertaire avant la migration océanique. Etant donnée sa position phylogénétique basale parmi les téléostéens, l’anguille est un modèle pertinent pour étudier l’évolution moléculaire et fonctionnelle de neuropeptides d’intérêt. Deux gènes paralogues tachykinine 3 (tac3) ont été identifiés dans le génome de l’anguille, chacun codant pour deux peptides. Ces gènes paralogues résultent de la duplication complète du génome spécifique aux téléostéens, comme le montrent les analyses phylogénétiques et synténiques. Les analyses de qPCR montrent que les deux gènes sont exprimés dans le cerveau. Les quatre peptides d’anguille ont été synthétisés et testés sur des cultures primaires de cellules hypophysaires d’anguille. Les quatre peptides inhibent l’expression de l’hormone lutéinisante et d’un récepteur à la gonadolibérine, révélant un double rôle inhibiteur dans le contrôle de la reproduction. / The aim of this PhD is to investigate the role of brain neuropeptides, such as neurokinin B, encoded by tac3 gene, in the control of reproduction of an endangered species, the European eel, Anguilla anguilla. The sexual maturation of the eel is blocked at a prepubertal stage before the oceanic migration. Due to its basal phylogenetic position among teleosts, the eel is also a relevant model for studying molecular and functional evolution of key neuropeptides. Two tachykinin 3 (tac3) paralogous genes were identified in the eel genome, each encoding two peptides. These paralogs result from the teleost-specific whole genome duplication, as shown by phylogeny and synteny analyses. Both genes are expressed in the brain as shown by qPCR. The four eel peptides were synthesized and tested on primary cultures of eel pituitary cells. The four peptides inhibited the expression of luteinizing hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor, revealing a dual inhibitory role in the control of reproduction.
16

Population genetics of the Japanese eel: anguilla japonica (temminck & schlegel)

陳國權, Chan, Kwok-kuen. January 1996 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Zoology / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy
17

Functional and morphometric study of the isolated chloride cell and respiratory cell from the gill epithelium of the Japanese eel,Anguilla Japonica (Temminck & Schlegel)

黃港住, Wong, Kong-chu. January 1996 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Zoology / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy
18

Recruitment and age dynamics of Anguilla australis and A. reinhardtii glass eels in the estuaries of New South Wales

January 2005 (has links)
Shortfin eels (Anguilla australis) and longfin eels (A. reinhardtii) are true freshwater eels of the genus Anguilla. There are many mysteries still unsolved for the freshwater eel lifecycle, such as location of the spawning grounds, conditions that promote metamorphosis from the leptocephalid to glass eel phase, and the mechanisms that affect glass eel recruitment. In Australia, little is also known about the estuarine habitats of glass eels as they migrate towards freshwater, and the age at which these eels enter estuaries. Both species are of commercial importance in the estuary fishery where they are caught in eel traps for export. There is also a small, but potentially lucrative, aquaculture industry for ongrowing glass eels to market demand size. This thesis investigates the spatial and temporal recruitment of both species of glass eels to estuaries within NSW, the habitats that may be of importance to them as they continue their upstream migration, and the age at which these eels entered the estuaries. Firstly, a new sampling device needed to be developed since conventional methods to catch glass eels often required constant observation of gear, multiple operators, specific physical site characteristics, and/or were expensive. The artificial habitat collectors that were developed were then used to sample six estuaries in NSW monthly within one week of the new moon. Shortfins showed a more consistent and defined recruitment across all sites than longfins, where the peak shortfin recruitment season was from April - August. Longfins recruited primarily from January - May but often recruited outside of this period. Five year collections at one of these sites provided important recruitment information. It appeared that longfins failed to recruit to this site during 2000/01, which could affect commercial catches of this species when they enter the fishery. The East Australian Current (EAC) probably transports glass eels from spawning sites in the Coral Sea southward to the east coast of Australia but there was no predicted lag time in the recruitment of eels from northern to southern estuaries. Therefore, it was not possible to predict the timing of recruitment of glass eels in one estuary based on the timing of recruitment in another more northern estuary. When glass eels enter estuaries their upstream migration is assisted by the night flood tide. During the ebb tide, glass eels burrow into the substrate and resurface at the next night flood tide. The eels do not select particular habitats at this time, rather, their location is dictated by the tide. However, once glass eels reach the estuarine/freshwater interface, they may prefer more complex habitats such as seagrass/macrophytes or rocks/cobbles in which to hide during the day. At this interface, glass eels undergo a physiological change to adapt to a freshwater existence and this change may take up to a few weeks. During this time, glass eels commonly enter the water column during the night flood tide and may be able to locate more suitable habitats in which to hide during the day. The ages of shortfin and longfin glass eels caught in estuaries were examined both spatially and temporally. As the EAC travels north to south, glass eels recruiting to the southern sites were expected to be older. However, shortfins that recruited to the northern-most site in this thesis were older than at all other sites while there was no difference in the ages of longfins. Also, when the ages of longfins that recruited during the main recruitment period were compared to the ages of longfins that recruited outside of this period, there was no difference in ages. Therefore, the hypothesis that these later recruiting eels may have been caught in an eddy prior to their estuarine arrival has been disproved. The ages of shortfins that recruited in two separate years were significantly different from each other and may be due to shortfins' ability to detrain more easily from the weaker currents that exist at these recruitment periods. Conversely, there was no difference in the ages of longfins that recruited in the same month during three separate years. The estimated hatch dates for shortfins was estimated at October to January, while for longfins, estimated hatch time was July to September for eels that recruited during the peak recruitment period. For longfins that recruited outside of the main recruitment period, estimated hatch times were from December to February. It is unknown, however, whether longfins have an extended spawning period, or whether silver eels arrived at the spawning grounds later and thus produced later arriving longfins. Continuous monitoring of glass eel recruitment to estuaries is necessary to determine whether there are long term declines in the recruitment of Australian eels similar to the declines recently observed for eels in Europe and Asia.
19

Studies on morphological and biochemical changes of epithelial cells of the gill of the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica (Temminck &Schlegel), in response to chronic pH changes

蘇孫漢, So, Shun-han, Henry. January 2000 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Zoology / Master / Master of Philosophy
20

Untersuchungen zur Befallssituation des Aals Anguilla anguilla mit dem Schwimmblasenwurm Anguillicoloides crassus im Bodensee-Obersee / Investigations of the infection of the eel Anguilla anguilla with the swim bladder worm Anguillicoloides crassus in upper Lake Constance

Bernies, Danielle 20 June 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Im Jahr 2006 wurden insgesamt 767 Aale des Bodensee-Obersees auf den Befall mit dem Schwimmblasenwurm A. crassus und dessen Folgen untersucht. Zusätzlich wurden die Befallsdaten von weiteren 2.326 Aalen aus den Jahren 1988 bis 2005 und 2007 bis 2009 ausgewertet. Weiterhin wurden in den Jahren 2006 bis 2008 eine Anzahl von 383 Kaulbarschen und zahlreiche Copepoden auf den Befall mit dem Larvenstadium von A. crassus untersucht. Auf der Ebene der echten Zwischenwirte ließ sich A. crassus im Bodensee-Obersee im Freiwasserplankton nicht nachweisen. Jedoch konnten Copepoden der Gattung C. abyssorum experimentell mit A. crassus infiziert werden. Der Kaulbarsch ist für A. crassus der wichtigste Stapelwirt im Bodensee-Obersee. Die untersuchten Kaulbarsche waren zwischen 18,8% und 52,1% mit A. crassus infiziert, wobei die Infektion einen deutlichen Frühjahrespeak aufwies. Im Jahr 2006 lag die Prävalenz befallener Aale im Bodensee bei 55,6%, die durchschnittliche Befallsintensität lag bei 4,4 adulter Parasiten je Aal. Durch die Datenauswertung von insgesamt 3.425 Aalen konnte der Verlauf der Anguilli­coloidose im Zeitraum von 1989 bis 2009 rekonstruiert werden. Der Höhepunkt der Infektion lag demnach im Jahr 1993 mit einer durchschnittlichen Prävalenz des Erregers von 58,3% und einer durchschnittlichen Befallsintensität von 16,6. Seit 1996 werden die Schadwirkungen von A. crassus auf die Schwimmblase aufgezeichnet und wurden nun in dieser Arbeit ausgewertet. In diesem Zeitraum nahm die Anzahl der Aale mit schweren Schwimmblasenschäden deutlich zu. Im Jahr 2006 besaßen 89,9% der Aale eine Schwimmblase mit geringer bis sehr starker Schädigung. Bei den abwanderungswilligen Blankaalen besaßen insgesamt 10% eine Schwimmblase mit sehr starken Schäden. Es bestand eine positive Korrelation zwischen der Größe der Aale und der Ausprägung der Schwimmblasenschäden. Weiterhin wurde ein negativer Einfluss durch den Befall mit Larven von A. crassus auf das Milzgewicht beobachtet. Der Befall mit abgestorbenen Adulten war mit Anämie korreliert. Durch den kumulativen Effekt der Schwimmblasenschäden, die durch die Infektion mit A. crassus hervorgerufen werden, werden vor allen Dingen größere Aale im Bodensee-Obersee beeinträchtigt. Eine parasiteninduzierte Mortalität von A. crassus liegt jedoch nicht vor.

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