Due to the replacement of a distribution pump in a public district heating plant, the dimensioning of the piping system has been analyzed. The specifications and standards controlling the system design are summarized in Connection with the PED directive (Pressure Equipment directive). The report also contains evaluation of two methods for measuring the existing piping system –  laser scanning and manual measurement with laser by hand.  A commercial software (CAE-pipe) is used for calculation and analysis on the system. The new system is analyzed based on the impact of weight, pressure, and thermal expansion, on the loads and torques, affecting the inlet- and outlet flanges of the pump. In addition the stresses in the most critical nodes of the system are calculated. The need of reinforcements of the piping system, using additional fixed supports, is verified.

No description available.

Av den svenska träproduktion så används så mycket som ca. 70% inom byggsektorn. Byggindustrin är således träindustrins allra viktigaste kund. Trots detta ömsesidiga beroende är kommunikationen och samverkan mellan dessa båda industrigrenar dåligt utbyggd, vilket framgår av ett flertal studier bland annat inom LTU:s ConITwood-projekt. Medan man med stor framgång inom andra branscher använder generella tekniska IT-verktyg och produktmodeller för informationsutbyte är användning av dessa metoder mycket sparsamt förekommande inom trä- och byggsektorn. Göran Berggren har i sin avhandling studerat vad som krävs och kommer att krävas för att generella tekniska IT-verktyg och produktmodeller även skall fungera i trä- och byggbranschen. Han har i sitt arbete, i en fallstudie, studerat verktygens funktion, möjligheter och eventuella tillkortakommanden. Inom fallstudien utfördes ett fullskaletest på prototyper bestående av spikade och limmade byggelement i massivträ. Verkliga resultat jämfördes där med resultat från ett generellt och användarvänligt programpaket bestående av 3D-CAD och FEM. Arbetet med att designa/konstruera i 3D beredde inga problem då endast enkla geometrier förekom. Programmens grafiska interface och användning av animeringar utgjorde också ett kraftfullt hjälpmedel vid utvärdering av resultat. Vid fullskaletestet på limmade konstruktioner uppvisade verktygen god överensstämmelse mellan resultat från laboratorieförsök och FEM. Däremot konstaterades svårigheter att i FEM modellera och förutse deformation i spikade förband. Problematiken berodde på svagheter vid modellering av den komplexa elastisk-plastiska deformation som uppstår i det belastade spikförbandet. Fallstudien visar att en introduktion och användning av generella 3D-CAD (Computer Aided Design) program är det första och kanske viktigaste steget mot en bättre kommunikation inom träbyggvärdekedjan. 3D-CAD ger nya möjligheter och stöd i form av t.ex. materiallistor vilka kan användas för kalkylering och produktionsplanering. Andra funktioner förenklar arbetet med att skapa digitala kataloger, internetbaserade konfiguratorer och kommunikation med mer avancerade (mer övergripande) affärssystem. 3D-CAD är också en förutsättning för att så småningom införa produktmodeller, och över Internet interaktivt kommunicera med andra industrier, myndigheter, företag och kunder. / <p>Godkänd; 2005; 20061218 (haneit)</p>

Manufacturing Simulation, or more accurately, Discrete Event Simulation (DES), is an important problem-solving methodology for the solution of many real-world problems in the manufacturing industry. Implementation of DES has become successful in a number of industrial sectors. However, the wood manufacturing industries constitute an industrial sector where DES has still not made a breakthrough. At the same time there is a strong need for development within the sector of the wood manufacturing industries, working with the refinement of, for example, sawn boards into components and consumer products. It can be questioned, why DES cannot be used in these industries? The objective of this work has been to investigate conditions in the development process of new wood manufacturing systems. This covers the period from when the new system mainly exists as an idea or concept, up to the point when its specifications are finalised. If DES can be integrated in these early development stages, it also highlights an unusual application area of DES, where it is used in the design process. To approach this problem the following references have been used: general trends and possibilities within the modelling and simulation of manufacturing systems, a technique that is undergoing rapid development. the unique properties of wood and wood processing that need to be considered in connection with the use of DES. the organisation of development activities that are extensively based on computer tools, enabling a virtual representation of the manufacturing system. In order to validate these domains, an ongoing industrial development project has served as a reference to industrial reality. This considers a case study on the development of a new wood flooring industry, a project that covers a period of 3 years. In order to find potential use for DES, a separate simulation project was initiated. Its purpose was to verify the final specifications of the plant, which were developed using conventional industrial methods. The simulation project showed that the specifications developed by the industry could be radically improved. Thus the simulation tool also became involved in actual design work that generated a number of design improvements to the real system. It was also shown that visualisation in the DES tool constitutes a vital feature in the design process, verifying detailed design of layout and equipment in the context of material flow dynamics. The kind of wood manufacturing studied embraces extensive material handling, which could be reproduced in detail, "true-to-scale" in 3D, by the simulation tool used. From a technical perspective it can be established that DES constitutes a valuable resource for the development of a wood manufacturing system. However, the determining factor for whether DES will be more frequently used in the wood industry, is how it is incorporated into development activities; this is a concern for the management of the industry. Thus there is a need for a descriptive model that addresses DES, and other tools within the domain of virtual manufacturing, with regard to activities and stages reached in the development. Such a model would provide considerable guidance in the management of industrial development, not only in the wood industry. / <p>Godkänd; 2002; 20070224 (ysko)</p>

In this study a new design process with parameterized product models in 3D-CAD is developed and evaluated. The work is directed toward the design process for spiral stairs at the company SSC Trätrappor AB in Norsjö, Sweden. The thesis of the research for this study is: A new design process, with parameterized product models in 3D-CAD, applied to the design of spiral stairs provides new possibilities. Gains made affect not only the design process, but lie to a great extent in new opportunities for effective collaboration, both within the company and between the company and its customers. The work is divided into the following phases: * Analysis of the current design process. * Formulation of a vision of a new design process. * Development of a new design process. * Discussion of the results. * Formulation of conclusions. The results of the study support the thesis of the research to a great extent. The new design process provides new possibilities for effective collaboration, primarily between design, sales and customer. SSC Trätrappor AB considers the improved possibilities for visualization and product development to be particularly important. / <p>Godkänd; 1999; 20070403 (ysko)</p>

Koproma engineering AB is a technology company that designs turnkey plants in the foremost steel industry. Part of Koproma's product range includes cutting machines, mainly abrasive cut-off machines. These machines are used to cut super duplex stainless steel materials. The machine owner of one of these cutting machines intends to cut larger materials than the current plants capacity. The purpose of this work is to investigate the power requirement when cutting duplex stainless steel materials with an abrasive cutting disc. The result should be used to redesign the current cutting plant, in order to meet the demand for the increase in production capacity. The purpose is also to see how the redesign affects resource utilization, efficiency, and plant utilization. By analyzing the process data for the current plant, the necessary data were established to validate the mathematical models, which were identified in a literature study on abrasive cutting. Product development methods such as morphological matrix and evaluation matrix VDI 2225 were used for concept generation and concept evaluation, respectively. This resulted in two definitive concept proposals. The desired increase in production capacity requires a nominal power of about 225 kW. By using super-thin cutting discs, the material removal rate is kept down, which also leads to reduced cutting power. The proposed electric motor has a rated power of 200 kW, which during instantaneous overload can withstand the power peaks the cutting process requires. This provides a design that is better utilized regarding engine power, without reducing accessibility or plant efficiency. Rotating the workpiece during cutting increases the effective cutting diameter of the disc. This means that number of cuts per disc increase by about 45 percent, which increases the lifespan of the disc. This means that the cutting machine increases its utilization of available resources. Based on the expected consumption of cutting discs, as well as the increased lifespan, an annual cost savings of over one and a half million SEK can be made.

When a reach truck moves its load sideways a sway appears in the mast. The objective of this thesis is to reduce this sway and thereby improve the load cycle time. This was done theoretically by designing new bearings for the fork carriage. Improved friction characteristics, especially lowered static friction, contributes to a lowered sway. The product development process follows the methods presented by Ulrich &amp; Eppinger in their book Product Design and Development. The project was initiated with data gathering and function analysis which created a development roadmap for the product. The concept generation that followed ended in a slew of concepts that were evaluated together with personnel at the company. The winning concepts were developed further to a point where their function could be simulated. These simulations showed flaws in the developed concepts which resulted in a new direction for the project. A new theoretical fork carriage was to be developed alongside with a test-method used to validate using rolling element bearings in a fork carriage application. The end result is a modified fork carriage that uses rolling element bearings for sideways movement. This design has theoretically better friction properties than the original sliding bearings. The tests that were developed to validate the new design could not be performed. / När en skjutstativtruck flyttar sin last i sidled på hög höjd uppstår svaj i stativet. Det här arbetet syftar till att sänka det svajet och där med förbättra lastcykeltiden. Detta gjordes teoretiskt genom att designa nya lagringar till gaffelvagnen. Förbättrade friktionsegenskaper, framförallt sänkt statisk friktion, bidrar till sänkt svaj. Produktutvecklingsprocessen i arbetet följer Ulrich &amp; Eppingers metoder som beskrivs i boken Product Design and Development. Arbetet inleddes med datainsamling och funktionsanalyser som skapade en övergripande plan om vilka områden på produktensom kunde förändras. Konceptgenereringen som följde slutade i en mängd koncept som utvärderades tillsammans med personal på företaget. De vinnande koncepten detaljkonstruerades sedan så dess funktion kunde simuleras. Dessa simuleringar visade brister på det framtagna konceptet vilket resulterade i att arbetet fick två nya fokusområden. En del av uppgiften blev nu att utforma en testrigg som endast skulle utvärdera validiteten i att använda rullager som lagrande element i en gaffelvagn. Den andra delen av arbetet fokuserade på att designa en teoretisk gaffelvagn som kan använda rullager men behålla all funktionalitet. Slutresultatet blev en modifierad gaffelvagn som använder rullager för sidledsförflyttning. Denna lösning ger gaffelvagnen teoretiskt bättre friktionsegenskaper. De tester som tagits fram för att validera den nya konstruktionen kunde inte utföras.

Vehicles are generally viewed as having their major environmental impact in the use phase because of combustion emissions. New technology can significantly decrease use emissions. These advantages suggest a rise in alternative vehicle drivetrains, e.g. electrical motors as well as a decrease of fossil fuel engines. It is of importance to consider what impact this technical shift might have in a lifecycle perspective. New technology requires specialised materials which in turn have substantial impacts during raw material extraction, manufacturing, and end of life. This means that the utilised materials may affect the total life cycle impact of a product. The impact can shift to other life phases and additionally give rise to impacts other than the frequently used energy consumption and climate change. The aim of this thesis is to understand how system boundaries effect environmental impact assessment. Potential life cycle assessment issues are investigated through studies of vehicle environmental impacts in different lifecycle phases and varying system boundaries. These issues are approached through several tools: LCA, Environmentally Responsible Product Assessment (ERPA), and Material Hygiene (MH). Three publications are appended to this thesis. Publication A compares two different disposal scenarios for end of life vehicles in Sweden. Publication B compares complete life cycle impacts of two dissimilar drivetrains in similar vehicles. Publication C investigates potential benefits of a concept sea vessel by comparing it with cargo transport by trucks. To fairly compare vehicles, with different drivetrain technology, it is not advisable to apply assessment that is limited to studying the use phase. Neither is it reliable to limit impact inventory to only energy use and CO2 emissions. The consequences of a narrow system-boarder are difficult to keep track of. To avoid sub-optimising and minimise risk of unawareness of trade-offs life cycle perspective is essential.

The importance of conducting efficient product development is growing steadily as traditional market boundaries diminish and are replaced by global market conditions. Digital product development builds on the foundation that digital mock-ups replace physical mock-ups, and this has the potential for strongly improving the efficiency of the product development process. This is a rather drastic change compared to the conventional way of conducting product development, and it cannot be implemented overnight. It requires the extended enterprise to rely on geometry based product models. Business excellence is therefore partially synonymous with managing these models and making them available, and relevant, to different activities throughout the product development process. This thesis deals with the establishment of two key expressions, Geometry Management Process and Geometry Based Product Information. The objective is to improve the utilisation of Geometry Based Product Information by supporting the product development process with adequate methods, tools and processes for managing this type of information. This objective is partly realised by the elimination of rework in the downstream activities of traditional design departments. There are numerous influencing factors and the research approach has been to collect these factors into four separate but correlating domains. The consistency in the approach stems from the fact that all research work is conducted with a geometrical perspective on all types of activity, requirement and process. The methodology is elaborated through participation and surveys of real cases in ongoing projects and activities when developing heavy-duty trucks. / <p>Godkänd; 2001; 20070313 (ysko)</p>

This licentiate thesis considers modelling, simulation and experimental investigation of a rammer compactor machine. The purpose is to develop an efficient and verified method for simulation of rammer compactor machines that can be used in the product development process. The experience gained through this work is also intended to be useful for studying other types of dynamic compactor machines. Rammer compactor machines perform impact soil compaction, which is very efficient compared to static compaction. They are often used in places where a high degree of compaction is needed and the space for operation is limited. The complexity of this machine type makes design optimisation through traditional prototype testing impractical. This has pointed to the need for a theoretical model and simulation procedure for prediction of the dynamic behaviour of the machine. To be useful for optimisation as design parameters are changed during product development the theoretical model and simulation procedure must be verified. By concurrently working with theoretical modelling, simulations, experimental verifications, and optimisation an efficient analysis support for product development is achieved. This co-ordination works both ways in an iterative manner. Experimental investigations are used to verify theoretical models and simulations. Theoretical models and simulations are used to design good experiments. This Complete Approach concept makes better decisions possible earlier in the development process, resulting in decreased time-to-market and improved quality. In this thesis, the Complete Approach concept is applied on a rammer soil compactor machine. An introductory iteration is described. The good agreement between theoretical and experimental results indicates that the theoretical model and simulation procedure should be useful for introductory optimisation studies. Reasons for the discrepancy are discussed and suggestions for improvements of both the theoretical model and the experimental set-up in coming iterations are given. / Godkänd; 2001; 20070228 (ysko)