This work presents an evaluation of the virtual confidence that can be achieved in the software Mechatronic Concept Designer. The virtual confidence is defined as the reliability that a model or software offer, based on their capacity to replicate reality accurately. Reference system for the evaluation is a turn table used at AB Volvo in the production of front lids. After conducting the simulations and different kind of analyses (such as friction analyses), the main conclusion has been that both the original model and the software offered some limitations that made a high level of virtual confidence impossible. Taking into account this fact, future improvement lines have been suggested. / KDDS – Knowledge Driven Decision Support Synergy project

The work presents a proposal for the Moelven Wood interior to increase their machine availability. The study begins describing the goal set for the work. Secondly the method used by the project is described. The third section is a theoretical reference intended to enhance the reader's understanding in the subject. Here the Lean Production and its tools is described. Four focus areas were discovered through direct observations and in consultation with operators. For these focus areas, a rotor saw analysis was carried out to then give suggestions for improvements.For two of the focus areas, a new estimated increase in machine availability was estimated at 4.8%. The main focus for achieving this increase is as follows: 1. Introduction of a pulse board as described under heading "4.2.5 Pulse board". 2. Larger and fixating ”pucks”. 3. The introduction of a forum for exchanging experience between the shifts. 4. More time spent on preventive maintenance to reduce the stopping time caused by dryer 1 and 2. 5. Create a new updated instruction on how to change color in color boxes 1 and 2. Such an instruction is to be displayed visually where conversion is performed.

Rototilt Group AB is a company in Vindeln outside Umeå Sweden, which develops tiltrotators. They are world leaders in their segment and strives to develop even better products. It includes solving the problems that the customers occasionally encounter. If the torque is too high, the gear can break the thread on the screw that drives the gearwheel, resulting in a damaged product. The purpose of this work was to develop a concept for measurement of forces on the screw. When the torque reaches a certain limit, the driver must be notified so that the operation can be interrupted before a breakdown occurs. A status analysis was made and a compilation of different sensors that could be part of a solution was identified. This was further investigated which led to a few concepts which were then assessed based on a few important parameters such as agility, tolerance and accuracy. This resulted in one concept, ranked higher than the others and considered to be the most suitable for further development.

Abstract  The report deals with a product development project commissioned by Ludmilla Kompaniet at Almi Business Partner. The project is carried out in the course "Degree Project for degree of Bachelor of Science in innovation and design" at Karlstad University. The project supervisor is Monica Jacobsson, lecturer and the examining professor is Leo de Vin. The work is being examined in spring 2018. The commissioner Ludmilla Kompaniet had an idea of a furniture that children could use without harming themselves and they could play with it and use their full creativity. The furniture should not influence the child that will use it. The purpose of the project is to provide a concept for a furniture that is safe for children to use and that it should encourage the children to choose their own area of use. The project follows the design process described in Produktutveckling – effektiva metoder för konstruktion och design av Johannesson et al. (2004), which is taught at Karlstad University. The final concept is a furniture that is adapted for children in pre-school age. It can be used in different kind of ways and by children in different ages. The child controls how it wants the furniture to be used, in play or as traditional furniture. It is easy to wash and has a shape that prevents children from falling on it. The material is free of hormone-disturbing substances that can harm the health of the children. A function model has been manufactured and tested by children but not in the intended material as it exceeded the economy of the project.

The business environment in manufacturing industry is changing from a hardware based product focus to a process and function focus. A current industrial interest is the development and sale of functions. This function could be realised as a product based on hardware, software and services and may be sold as a function rather than as hardware. This function view is referred to as Functional Products (FP). The new focus is on value for the customer rather than on hardware for the customer. This change creates new challenges for how engineering design of the hardware may best be carried out. To develop a functional product, several parties need to be involved in the particular project. These parties are suggested to be supplier, seller, sub- contractor, customer and end user. Since the functional product is not only consisting of hardware but also of services the relations between manufacturers and customers will change. Product development will be carried out in networks to an increasing degree where assignments, activities of, and relations between involved parties will be continuously changing. This thesis introduces the area of functional products and related literature from a hardware engineering design perspective. It starts from a holistic approach and introduce the area of functional products in relation to traditional hardware design and development. Product and process issues considered to be important are raised and discussed; value of hardware product versus value of functions, increased need for integration, communication and collaboration over cross-disciplinary borders, increased need for simulation support to be able to increase the predictability of design concepts. Simulation as an activity to verify the capabilities of the hardware product must be taken for granted in functional product business negotiation. Elongated needs exploration and identification stage are likely early on in functional product development. The concept verification stage in product development of functional products is suggested to increase until such times when integrated simulation support has been developed to support system simulation of functional products. Additionally, issues brought forward in this thesis include: -Suggestions on processes necessary for functional product development -Changes in value for the customer and ownership of the hardware with the introduction of the FP concept - Questions have been raised for how the engineering design activities actually will be affected with the introduction of functional products The thesis is seen as exploratory rather than verifying and invites discussion of the issues raised here, in order for these issues to be developed further. / Godkänd; 2004; 20060925 (cira) / Service Concept Design - NFFP

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Many modern products require the careful planning of a vast number of aspects of their life cycle to succeed in the market, such as, financing, functionality, quality, reliability, environmental impact, manufacturing process, relationship with suppliers, etc. Potentially, the numerous domain- independent design methods generated for decades in the fields of engineering design and creative problem solving (CPS) have much to offer in today's complex multi-objective product design activity. However, the number of methods used in industry is relatively small, especially in early stages of design. Of those that are used, some are practised at the wrong stage or incorrectly. Incorrect selection of methods occurs often. It leads to poor results and to distrust of design methods generally, and has been identified as one of the main causes for the lack of design methods in industry. This thesis deals with the development of a strategy to undertake correct selection and use of methods in industry. It covers design methods to explore problems, to generate ideas and to evaluate concepts. Three papers, A-C, have been included in this licentiate thesis. The first paper, Managing uncertainty in the design and development process by appropriate methods selection, is of a theoretical nature and investigates a principle to help engineers in the correct selection of methods. The second paper, The application of the 4Ps model to the management of creativity & innovation in product development, explains a case study conducted at Volvo Car Corporation that explores the characteristics of engineering practice and the problem and need of implementing methods in industry. Finally the third paper, Exploring the need for an interactive software tool for the appropriate selection of engineering design methods, explains how the principle of method selection can be applied in industry so that engineers learn with the minimum of difficulty how to select and use methods correctly. / Godkänd; 2003; 20070218 (ysko)

Detta arbete innefattar en allmän jämförande studie kring materialval för personbilarsbränsletankar, en framtagning av ett tankkoncept samt en analys av kravlistor.Materialen som studeras är plast och stål, närmare sagt sexlagrig HDP E (Hög-densitetpolyeten) plast med EVOH (Etylenvinylalkohol) lager och en stålplåt vars egenskaperhar tagit utgångspunkt i ett genomsnittligt utförande som speglar en generell bild avvanligt använda material. Arbetet resulterar i en presentation av ett färdigttankkoncept som utnyttjar speciella möjligheter vilka uppstår vid plåtanvändningtillsammans med för- och nackdelar kring de olika materialvalen. Även en bilaga medförslag på kravändringar tillkommer arbetet.

Sandvik Mining and Rock Technology (SMRT) är ett världsledande företag som tillverkar komplett utrustning till gruvindustrin. Några bergborrverktyg som utvecklas och tillverkas i Sandviken är bergborrkronor. Dessa kan delas in i tre produktgrupper, topphammar-, sänkborr- och rullborrkronor. Borrprocessen skiljer något mellan produktgrupperna, men förenklat ska ett hål formas i berget. Under borrningen frigörs det partiklar från berget som samlas i borrhålet och måste avlägsnas. Detta åstadkoms genom att en trycksatt fluid, vanligt luft eller vatten, spolas ned i borrhålet och binder upp partiklarna. Denna blandning av partiklar och fluid bildar eroderande media som succesivt nöter ned borrkronornas stålkroppar. Syftet med denna utredning var att undersöka erosionsmotståndet för material som används för att tillverka bergborrverktyg. Målet var att formulera ett underlag för att basera framtida materialval på. Metoden som tillämpades i undersökningen baserades på ASTM-G76 standarden, något modifierad. Testerna utfördes i tempererade lokaler där temperaturen var omkring 20 grader Celsius. Fem stycken provbitar av varje stålsort tillverkades ur material med sju olika hårdheter, dess dimensioner var 25·20·5 mm. Nötande partiklar i undersökningen var kantig aluminiumoxid som siktats till 50 µm. Prover utfördes där partiklarnas infallsvinkel var 30°, dess hastighet var 50 m·s-1 och partikelflödet var 2 g·min-1. Provbitarna utsattes för nötande partiklar i totalt 10 minuter, dess förlorade massa kontrollerades i två minuters intervaller. Den förlorade massan konverterades sedan till volymförlust per gram erosionsmedia. Ett provämne av varje stålsort valdes sedan ut, där den eroderade ytan undersöktes i ett svepelektronmikroskop för att identifiera nötningsmekanismerna. Resultatet av undersökningen visade att AISI 4140, som var bland de mjukaste materialen i undersökningen, tenderade att ha nötts minst. Stålsort EN36C, vilket var undersökningens hårdaste material, uppvisade sämre erosionsmotstånd. Resultatet innehöll dock spridning som medförde att andra material kan ha nötts mindre än AISI 4140. I denna undersökning visade det sig att hårdheten hade ingen, eller liten, inverkan på erosionen. På samtliga provbitarnas ytor hade en grop formats. Vid närmare undersökning av gropen i svepelektronmikroskopet visade det sig att de dominerande nötningsmekanismerna var spånavskiljande erosion och av plogande karaktär. På ett provämne lokaliserades en enskild partikelträff där en tydlig krater hade formats med en läpp i dess framkant, vilket är typiskt för duktila material.   Slutsatsen av detta arbete är, att där erosion upplevs som ett problem kan AISI 4140 väljas vid tillverkning av borrverktyg. Det behövs dock utökad provning för att säkerställa detta. / Sandvik Mining and Rock technology is a company that focuses on rock drilling. They offer a complete product line for mining and three specific products are top hammer-, down-the-hole- and rotary bits. These drill bits are subjects to erosion when drilling due to the discharge of rock cuttings out of the hole. The cuttings are removed with a fluid, often water or air which combined creates the erosive media. Erosion is a phenomenon that slowly wears materials and if not prevented can cause failures on the products. The main objective with this study is to identify how erosion resistant the steel materials, which the products are made of, are relative each other and what the damages can be in the microstructure. The goal with this study is to create a baseline with information so better material choices can be made in the future. The method used in this paper is an erosion test based on ASTM G76 standard. The test equipment used fulfilled the standard with minor deviations. Specimens from seven different steels were manufactured with sizes of 25·20·5 mm, and heat treated to get the correct hardness values. Five samples were manufactured for each type of steel to get a good reliability. The parameters that were used were particle velocity of 50 m s-1, a particle flow of 2.0 g·min-1, an impact angle of 30º and a test time of 10 minutes in total per sample. The weight loss was measured every two minutes. The erosive particles chosen were sieved angular aluminum oxide with a nominal size of 50 micrometers. The loss of weight was noted for each sample and a mean loss was calculated and later converted to volume loss per gram erosion media. One sample of each steel type was investigated in a scanning electron microscope, to identify what type of wear mechanism that occurred in the micro structure. The results showed that the steel type AISI 4140 had worn the least. EN36C had the highest loss of volume. This result is not ensured due to deviations in the results. AISI 4140 had among the lowest hardness values and EN36C the highest. That means that the hardness did not correlate with the erosion in this study. The mean erosion rate was even for all the steel types, and the erosion had created a pit in the surface that looked the same on all specimens. The scanning electron microscope showed that the wear mechanisms found were of plowing and cutting character which is typical for ductile materials such as steel.  The conclusion of this investigation is that AISI 4140 could be chosen when erosion is an issue. It needs however more testing time in the erosion tester to confirm the results.

Shell Eco Marathon is a competition where the goal is to make a vehicle as energy efficient as possible. One team that compete in the competition is HiGtech, whose vehicle is using a frame of steel pipes. Because of that, their vehicle weight more than most of the competitors who uses carbon fiber monocoques. Therefore, in order to be able to compete with the best teams, a carbon fiber monocoque is required. The purpose with the thesis is to reduce the weight of HiGtech:s car and the goal is to develop a finished model for a monocoque. Included in the goal is also to develop a new steering function and engine bracket and new solutions for the wheels and brakes attachment to the vehicle. After a literature study, it was decided that the carrying details of the monocoque should be built by using a Sandwich construction to reduce the weight and factors that affects the strength was looked in to. Three concepts for the monocoque was developed using brainstorming, which was evaluated with results from Finite Element Analyses when the concepts was evaluated relative each other. After a winning concept was determined, it was further developed and dimensions and strength for the carrying details was set using Ansys ACP module where a safety against collapse could be determined. After the monocoque was developed, concepts for steering and engine bracket could be developed. The concepts was evaluated and a winning concept was chosen to be further developed and dimensioned. Solutions for the wheels and brakes attachment to the vehicle was made and dimensioned. A honeycomb-core with a thickness of 25 mm is needed. Two layers of carbon fiber is needed on the frame around the geometry is needed, one layer on each side. On the bottom plate it is needed two layers on each side. This will give a safety on 2,5 against structural collapse and a mass on 8,7 kg. The engine mount will have a safety clearance of 12. The torque rod will have a saftey on 5. For the front wheelbarrowing the safety will be 4 and for the rear suspension the safety will be 2. Since the modell for the body is not compatible whit Inventor could the strenght of the body not be calculated with. The bottomplate could be optimized further, which should decrease the weight furhter.