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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Services and disservices driven by ant communities in tropical agroforests

Wielgoss, Arno Christian 15 May 2013 (has links)
No description available.
2

Formigas e o Código Florestal Brasileiro : comparando Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP) e Reserva Legal (RL)

Almeida, Rony Peterson Santos 26 February 2015 (has links)
The New Brazilian Forest Code (NCFB) presents some controversial points in its text, especially those related to the reduction or replacement of legal reserves (LRs) and Permanent Protection Areas (PPAs) for non-native vegetation or the compensation of these areas by another, on the same property. The NCFB therefore considers these two areas structurally similar and able to house and preserve the fauna and regional flora. This work aims to analyze the existence of similarity between LRs and PPAs, with focus on environmental complexity on the fragments and the use of ants as bioindicators. For this purpose, samplings were taken in six areas, three of them considered LR and three as PPA. In each area, one transect was subdivided into 30 plots of 5 x 5m and 6 m spaced. In each plot, we measured plant litter depth, density of trees and the canopy cover (%). Furthermore, in the central area of each plot, we toke a 1m² samples of plant litter to analyze the ant fauna. The relationship between ant richness and environmental variables were tested using generalized linear models (GLMS), and the species composition between areas was checked through non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis (NMDS). As a result, 116 ants morphospecies were collected, distributed in nine subfamilies and 42 genera. No difference was found in species richness of ants between LRs and PPAs and only percentage of canopy cover was significantly different. We also did not find differences of ant assemblages or functional groups between LR and PPA and this fact reinforces that the NCFB is coherent indicating that LR and PPA are similar in maintaining of local biodiversity. Thus, using the PPA in the calculation of LR (or vice versa) does not imply the reduction of local diversity of ants and consequently loss of ecological functions and interactions mediated by species of this group as these areas have similarity in structure and species diversity. / O Novo Código Florestal Brasileiro (NCFB) atualmente em vigor apresenta alguns pontos polêmicos em seu texto, em especial aqueles relacionados à redução ou substituição de Reservas Legais (RLs) e Áreas de Proteção Permanentes (APPs) por vegetação não nativa ou a compensação de uma dessas áreas pela outra, numa mesma propriedade. O NCFB portanto, considera essas duas áreas estruturalmente similares e passíveis de abrigar e conservar a fauna e flora regional. O presente trabalho visa analisar se RLs e APPs são, de fato, similares do ponto de vista ecológico, tendo como itens de analise a complexidade ambiental existente nos fragmentos e o uso de formigas como bioindicadores. Para tanto, foram realizadas coletas em seis áreas, sendo três consideradas como RL e três como APP. Em cada área foi feito um transecto e esse subdividido em 30 parcelas de 5 x 5 m, espaçadas 6 m. Em cada uma das parcelas foi medida a profundidade da serapilheira, contabilizada a densidade de árvores e medida a cobertura do dossel. Além disso, na área central de cada parcela foi retirada uma amostra de 1m² de serapilheira para analise da mirmecofauna (riqueza, composição e grupos funcionais). A riqueza de formigas, bem como de grupos funcionais foram testadas em resposta às variáveis ambientais por meio de modelos lineares generalizados (GLMs) e a composição entre as áreas verificada através da análise de similaridade (ANOSIM) e escalonamento multidimensional não-métrico (NMDS). Foram coletadas 116 morfoespécies de formigas, distribuídas em nove subfamílias e 42 gêneros. Não foi encontrada diferença na riqueza de espécies de formigas entre RLs e APPs e, dentre as variáveis ambientais analisadas, apenas houve relação positiva entre a riqueza e a porcentagem do dossel. Além disso, não houve diferença na composição de formigas nem na riqueza de grupos funcionais e estes resultados reforçam o texto atual do NCFB de que RLs ou APPs atuam de forma similar na manutenção da biodiversidade local. Desta forma, utilizar a APP no cômputo da RL (ou vice-versa) não implica na redução da diversidade local de formigas e consequentemente, prejuízo de suas funções ecológicas e de interações mediadas por espécies desse grupo já que essas áreas apresentam similaridade na sua estrutura e na diversidade de espécies.
3

Communautés natives des fourmis de la litière en forêts naturelles de Guyane française et impact de la conversion forestière en plantations monospécifiques / Native communities of leaf-litter ant communities in natural forests of French Guiana, and impact of forest conversion in monocultural tree plantations

Groc, Sarah 09 December 2011 (has links)
Les fourmis sont des organismes cibles appropriés pour les études environnementales. Au cours de notre étude, nous nous sommes focalisés sur les fourmis de la litière via l'application de deux méthodes de récolte complémentaires selon le protocole all (ants of leaf litter). Dans les forêts naturelles de Guyane française, l'hétérogénéité environnementale et les perturbations structurent les communautés de fourmis de la litière en influençant la richesse, la diversité, l'abondance et la densité en espèces ainsi que les compositions taxonomique et fonctionnelle. Chaque type de formation végétale possède une communauté spécifique. La fragmentation et la conversion des forêts en plantations ont entrainé une altération plus ou moins profonde des communautés; cette variabilité est fonction du type d’agriculture et des espèces d'essences cultivées. Bien que l'altération des communautés se soit révélée maximale dans la plupart des monocultures, les plantations de cacaoyers ont un potentiel de conservation réel. Enfin, dans un contexte ou il est urgent de simplifier l'intégration des arthropodes dans les études de conservation, de contrôle et de suivi de la santé des écosystèmes terrestres, la méthode des réseaux de neurones est apparue comme un outil puissant pour mettre en évidence et analyser les patrons des communautés de fourmis. / Ants are reliable and relevant target organisms for environmental surveys. In our study, we focused on litter-dwelling ants through the use of two complementary sampling methods that were implemented according to the ants of leaf litter (all) protocol. In pristine forests of french guiana, leaf-litter ant communities are structured by environmental heterogeneity and natural perturbations - which influence species richness, diversity, abundance and density, as well as taxonomic and functional composition. This results in habitat-specific communities for each vegetal formation. Forest fragmentation and conversion into monocultures have led to a more or less deep alteration of the ant communities; this variability depends on the type of agricultural system and cultivated tree species. Although the intensity of community alteration peaked in tree monocultures, cocoa plantation exhibited a real potential for native species conservation. Finally, in the current context where simplifying the integration of arthropods into conservation programs as well as into surveys designed to monitor and manage the environment is critical, the use of neural networks appears to be a powerful tool for reliably highlighting and analyzing ant communities patterns.

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