A new class of Planar Ultrawideband Modular Antenna (PUMA) arrays, termed PUMAv3, is introduced to offer improved performance and further meet demand needs for multifunctional systems. PUMAv3 extends the frequency scalability of PUMA arrays to mm-waves (approximately 50 GHz) and improves bandwidth by 50\% without the use of a matching network or external baluns. The major enabling technical innovation is the advent of a new common-mode mitigation mechanism that relies upon capacitively-loaded shorting vias to push broadside catastrophic resonances below the operating band without inhibiting low-end bandwidth performance. Ridged waveguide models are employed to explain the operational principles and accurately predict the location of the common-mode frequency within the new array topology. Additionally, the superstrate loading scheme is split into two exclusive layers to enhance broadside and wide angle impedance levels while maintaining the highest frequency at 97% of the grating lobe frequency and reducing the overall array profile by up to 30%. The PUMAv3 also retains the attractive practical advantages inherent to the PUMA array family: aperture modularity, direct 50-ohm feeding, and low-cost planar multilayer PCB fabrication. Infinite array full-wave simulations of a dual-polarized PUMAv3 satisfying manufacture guidelines suggest 10.6-47.6 GHz (4.5:1) operation with strong VSWR levels out to 45 degrees, high port isolation and low cross-polarization.

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Yes / The antenna array designed to operate over 0.450-0.475 Terahertz comprises two dielectric resonators (DRs) that are stacked vertically on top of each other and placed on the surface of the slot antenna fabricated on a silicon substrate using standard CMOS technology. The slot created in the silicon substrate is meandering and is surrounded by metallic via-wall to prevent energy dissipation. The antenna has a maximum gain of 4.5dBi and radiation efficiency of 45.7% at 0.4625 THz. The combination of slot and vias transform the antenna to a metamaterial structure that provides a relatively small antenna footprint. The proposed series-fed double DRs on-chip antenna array is useful for applications in THz integrated circuits. / Partially supported by innovation programme under grant agreement H2020-MSCA-ITN-2016 SECRET-722424 and the financial support from the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) under grant EP/E0/22936/1.

Yes / Recent studies and research have centred on new solutions in different elements and stages to the increasing energy and data rate demands for the fifth generation and beyond (B5G). Based on a new-efficient digital beamforming approach for 5G wireless communication networks, this work offers a compact-size circular patch antenna operating at 60 GHz and covering a 4 GHz spectrum bandwidth. Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (M–MIMO) and beamforming technology build and simulate an active multiple beams antenna system. Thirty-two linear and sixty-four planar antenna array configurations are modelled and constructed to work as base stations for 5G mobile communication networks. Furthermore, a new beamforming approach called Projection Noise Correlation Matrix (PNCM) is presented to compute and optimise the fed weights of the array elements. The key idea of the PNCM method is to sample a portion of the measured noise correlation matrix uniformly in order to provide the best representation of the entire measured matrix. The sampled data will then be utilised to build a projected matrix using the pseudoinverse approach in order to determine the best fit solution for a system and prevent any potential singularities caused by the matrix inversion process. The PNCM is a low-complexity method since it avoids eigenvalue decomposition and computing the entire matrix inversion procedure and does not require including signal and interference correlation matrices in the weight optimisation process. The suggested approach is compared to three standard beamforming methods based on an intensive Monte Carlo simulation to demonstrate its advantage. The experiment results reveal that the proposed method delivers the best Signal to Interference Ratio (SIR) augmentation among the compared beamformers

Ultrawideband (UWB) phased antenna arrays are critical to the success of future multi-functional communication, sensing, and countermeasure systems, which will utilize a few UWB phased arrays in place of multiple antennas on a platform. The success of this new systems approach relies in part on the ability to manufacture and assemble low-cost UWB phased arrays with excellent radiation characteristics.This dissertation presents the theory and design of a new class of UWB arrays that is based on unbalanced fed tightly-coupled horizontal dipoles over a ground plane. Practical implementation of this concept leads to two inexpensive wideband array topologies, the Banyan Tree Antenna (BTA) Array, and the Planar Ultrawideband Modular Antenna (PUMA) Array. The key challenge in designing unbalanced-fed tightly-coupled dipole arrays lies in the control of a common mode resonance that destroys UWB performance. This work introduces a novel feeding strategy that eliminates this resonance and results in wideband, wide-angle radiation. More importantly, the new feeding scheme is simple and intuitive, and can be implemented at low-cost in both vertically and planarly-integrated phased array architectures. Another desirable byproduct of this topology is the electrical and mechanical modularity of the aperture, which enables easy manufacturability and assembly. A theoretical framework is presented for the new phased array topologies, which is then applied to the design of innite BTA and PUMA arrays that achieve 4:1 and 5:1 bandwidths,respectively. A practical application of this technology is demonstrated through the full design, fabrication, and measurement of a 7.25-21GHz 16x16 dual-pol PUMA array prototype for SATCOM applications.

Due to the increasing demand and a more complicated environment for signal transmitting, the traditional antenna can hardly satisfy the current technology needs. For a telecommunication service provider, a dual-band integrated antenna array is a good way to reduce cost and increase the capacity since it can operate at different bands. The active part can also achieve beam-forming to adapt to multiple environments. Since two arrays are integrated together, the interface and coupling will be a problem. The performance of the active array is also important since it is supposed to be operated at a complex environment. This thesis will focus on how to achieve better performance of active array and reduce the impact of passive array such as mutual coupling and the change of field distribution of active array. In this thesis project, the limiting factor for the performance of active array is the narrow bandwidth. To solve that, we use another layer of parasitic patch to generate multiple resonances near the fundamental mode. For the passive antenna array, we use crossed-dipole such that the thin wires will block less signal. The return loss result and radiation pattern comparison can show that the bandwidth is broadened with parasitic patches, and the passive array has little influence on the active array. It is a proper way to design a dual-band antenna product with a low budget. / På grund av den ökande efterfrågan och en mer komplicerad miljö för signalsändning kan den traditionella antennen knappast tillfredsställa den nya teknologins behov. För leverantören av telekommunikationstjänster är en integrerad dubbelbandsantennuppsättning ett bra sätt att minska kostnaderna och öka kapaciteten eftersom den kan fungera på olika band. Den aktiva delen kan också uppnå strålformning för att anpassa sig till flera miljöer. Eftersom två arrayer är integrerade tillsammans blir gränssnittet och kopplingen ett problem. Prestandan för en aktiv array är också viktig eftersom den är tänkt att användas i en komplex miljö. Detta examensarbete kommer att fokusera på hur man uppnår bättre prestanda för en aktiv array och minskar effekten av den passiva arrayen. För det här examensarbetet är den främsta faktorn som begränsar prestandan för aktiv array den smala bandbredden. För att lösa detta använder vi ett annat lager av parasitisk patch för att generera flera resonanser nära det grundläggande läget. För passiv antennuppsättning använder vi korsade dipoler så att de tunna ledningarna blockerar mindre av signalen. Jämförelsen av returförlustresultatet och strålningsmönster kan visa att bandbredden breddas med parasitiska patch, och den passiva arrayen har liten inverkan på den aktiva arrayen. Det är ett riktigt sätt att designa en dual-band antennprodukt med en låg budget.

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are vital tools for accurate navigation and timing for both civil and military use. Due to the low power of the GNSS signals, these systems are sensitive to interference attacks. For wideband GNSS jamming, adaptive antenna arrays are commonly used to suppress interference.  This thesis focuses on how distortions induced by adaptive antenna arrays can affect the performance of a GNSS receiver and how prone different beamforming algorithms are to suffer from such distortions. To investigate this, simulations in software have been performed for static scenarios with two different beamforming algorithms and four different antenna arrays. The results show that the method for interference suppression that uses constraints in direction and frequency achieves a higher signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, more stable acquisition over the hemisphere, and less fluctuating code delay error than the method that only minimizes the power of the output signal.

In this work, the formulation and the implementation of innovative methodological paradigms for the design of unconventional array architectures for future generation communication systems has been addressed. By exploiting the potentialities of the codesign strategy for elementary radiators in an irregularly clustered array architectures and by introducing an innovative capacity-driven design paradigm, the proposed methodologies allow to effectively design unconventional array architectures with optimal trade-offs in terms of performance and complexity/costs. The codesign synthesis strategy is proposed to solve the arising massive multi-objective design problem aimed at fitting the multiple objectives and requirements on the "free-space" performance of the array architecture. Afterward, the capacity-driven design paradigm is formulated and implemented for the design of MIMO array architectures to maximize the quality of the communication system in first place instead of considering "free-space" figures-of-merit. A set of numerical results has been provided (i) to validate the proposed paradigms in real-application scenarios and (ii) to provide insights on the effectiveness, the limitations and the potentialities of proposed design methodologies.

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