No abstract available / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / gm2014 / Centre for Human Rights / Unrestricted

Master of Science / Department of Apparel, Textiles, and Interior Design / Joy M. Kozar / Within the global marketplace, the production and consumption of counterfeit goods represents a serious social problem. Scholars continue to suggest anti-counterfeit education as a means to resolve this global problem and curb the demand for counterfeit goods, but no scholarly research has empirically evaluated the effectiveness of anti-counterfeit education. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to draw upon such suggestions within the literature, and quantitatively assess the effectiveness of anti-counterfeit education on consumers' perceived knowledge, attitudes, and purchase intentions of fashion counterfeit goods. Convenience samples of male and female college students participated in this study. Utilizing a one-group pretest posttest, quasi-experimental design, the findings from a series of paired samples t-tests revealed a positive, significant change in consumers’ perceived knowledge of fashion counterfeit goods after viewing the anti-counterfeit educational unit. Negative, significant changes in consumers’ favorable attitudes and purchase intentions of fashion counterfeit goods were also revealed after the anti-counterfeit educational unit had been administered. Findings from this study provide relevant implications toward academicians, government officials, fashion retailers, and anti-counterfeiting organizations, such as how to develop effective anti-counterfeit educational content. Such parties with a vested interest in deterring the demand of fashion counterfeit goods should focus on formulating and implementing anti-counterfeit educational tools, such as campaigns and advertisements, which focus on the negative factors and consequences associated with the fashion counterfeit industry.

Tampering and Reverse Engineering of a chip to extract the hardware Intellectual Property (IP) core or to inject malicious alterations is a major concern. First, offshore chip manufacturing allows the design secrets of the IP cores to be transparent to the foundry and other entities along the production chain. Second, small malicious modifications to the design may not be detectable after fabrication without anti-tamper mechanisms. Counterfeit Integrated Circuits (ICs) also have become an important security issue in recent years, in which counterfeit ICs that perform incorrectly or sub-par to the expected can lead to catastrophic consequences in safety and/or mission-critical applications, in addition to the tremendous economic toll they incur to the semiconductor industry. Some techniques have been developed in the past to improve the defense against such attacks but they tend to fall prey to the increasing power of the attacker. We present a new way to protect against tampering by a clever obfuscation of the design, which can be unlocked with a specific, dynamic path traversal. Hence, the functional mode of the controller is hidden with the help of obfuscated states, and the functional mode is made operational only on the formation of a specific interlocked Code-Word during state transition. A novel time-stamp is proposed that can provide the date at which the IC was manufactured for counterfeit detection. Furthermore, we propose a second layer of tamper resistance to the time-stamp circuit to make it even more difficult to modify. Results show that methods proposed offer higher levels of security with small area overhead. A side benefit is that any small alteration will be magnified via the obfuscated design proposed in these methods. / Master of Science

本研究有鑒於目前市場上仿冒品充斥，全球產業每年因偽造行為所產生的損失已高達美金4000億元左右，嚴重影響產業生存。為打擊仿冒現象，防偽產業因應而生，隨著消費者越來越重視消費權益及企業為了維護其品牌權益而蓬勃發展，嚴然已成為各種新產品不可或缺的附屬產品，防偽產業的未來發展及其競爭激烈是可以預期的。本論文提及的防偽標籤是專指『將單一或多種以上的防偽技術運用在可以黏貼或印製在目標產品的包裝或目標產品本身的標籤產品』。由於防偽標籤是附屬於目標產品，並非消費者所購買的標的。但透過對消費者購買行為的研究可以分析產品防偽的需求程度，進而提供產品製造商或供應商了解該產品是否需要防偽標籤？ 　本文首先蒐集消費者行為之文獻資料，找出消費者特性、消費者價值觀、消費者生活型態及消費者涉入程度等與防偽涉入程度相關的變數，整理各變數間的交互關係導出消費者對於防偽涉入程度會影響產品防偽的需求程度；其次透過焦點訪談及專家訪問內容得知，產品特性也是影響產品防偽的需求程度的重要因素；最後再由產品防偽的需求程度分析防偽標籤的市場需求。另一方面，不同的購買情境也會影響防偽標籤的市場需求，其中包括了購買通路以及標籤功效、法令規範、消費者對防偽標籤辨識能力等外在環境。 本研究經由消費者問卷調查，將所獲得的資料經由多變量變異數分析、相關分析及頻次分析等統計方法所得之結果來驗證假設。其結論均能滿足本研究所希望達到的五項目的。 　一、影響防偽標籤市場需求的因素 　二、影響消費者防偽涉入程度的因素 　三、哪些特性的產品需要防偽標籤 　四、哪些通路的產品需要防偽標籤 　五、現階段防偽標籤的推廣成效 最後將本研究之發現作整理，提供防偽標籤業者作實務上的建議，希望這些參考意見在防偽產業擬定防偽標籤行銷策略時，能給予適切的助益。