The scale of the compliance problem that the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) faces was recently highlighted by the exposure of state-sponsored doping in Russia and the series of doping scandals within athletics. This study aims to analyse the problems of achieving compliance with the World Anti-Doping Code. Specifically, the study explores the techniques for, and problems of, achieving compliance in three similar international agreements: the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the UN Convention Against Transnational Organised Crime. The Conventions were analysed to identify the range of strategies used to achieve (or at least enhance) the level of compliance with the international conventions, to evaluate their effectiveness as a way of generating ideas for improving compliance with the WADA Code and to assess the comparative success of the WADA. To evaluate compliance, three inter-related bodies of theory were used: regime theory, implementation theory and Mitchell and Chayes (1995) compliance system. Qualitative document analysis was used to analyse documents published by relevant organisations. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with senior staff members responsible for monitoring compliance at the international and UK domestic level. The results identified a range of strategies used to achieve compliance, including a global annual index of compliance, independent monitoring institutions, whistleblowing and domestic lobbying. It is concluded that the identified strategies have had modest and variable success in improving compliance, yet have the potential to address the problems of achieving compliance with the WADA Code.

Title: Anti - doping policy and its global development Thesis objective: The main objective of this work is to develop a comprehensive set of anti-doping policy, putting the key milestones in the development and evaluation of importance for the whole process to the anti-doping policy. Methods: The thesis is based on descriptive analysis and document examination. Outcomes: This thesis is intended to provide an overall summary of the global anti-doping policy. Key words: Anti - doping policy - doping - doping control - doping conference

Title Positive findings in doping of athletes in the Czech Republic Objectives The aim of this thesis, based on the doping control protocols from 1993 - 2011 provided by the Czech Anti-Doping Committee, is to assess the most commonly abused doping substances and evaluate sports in which doping is most frequently abused, and attitudes of athletes who have violated doping regulations. Methods The main method used in this thesis was an analysis of documents, especially doping protocols, which led to gathering important data and compile final tables, which were subsequently processed and evaluated. Finally, aninterview with two bodybuilders who have received completely different penalties for the same offense. Results This thesis comes to the conclusion that the most commonly used substances are, in order: testosterone, nandrolone, marijuana, ephedrine and then metandienon. The most common individual sports, where the use of doping substances is most commonly encoutered include bodybuilding and powerlifting. In team sports, it is hockey, rugby, water polo and handball. Use is most prevalent in men, and less common in women. Keywords Anti-doping policy, doping, doping control, doping substance, sport.

The world of sport has recently been inundated by stories of doping. These reports are not limited to a select few individuals or sports, but seemingly are spread across sports. At first, it was mostly members of the sports community voicing their discontent, but soon actors outside of the sports community, such as government committees, became interested. Anti-doping policies were created to reduce doping; however, these policies were created independently of government and vary in effectiveness. The most visible variances are between professional and amateur sports. Accordingly, this paper investigates why there is variation between professional and amateur anti-doping policies. This investigation is done in a qualitative fashion and employs the Most Similar System of Design (a comparative method) to identify that factors result in the differences. The paper also contributes to the field by creating and organizing the ethics of doping. Furthermore, it compares the various existing approaches to anti-doping policy by analysing the anti-doping policies of the PGA, IOC, WADA, and the MLB. Subsequently, the paper identifies seven obstacles facing anti-doping regulators and identifies new policy tools that could aid anti-doping policies. Finally, it closes with policy recommendations for the future. This paper is comprehensive: it introduces the topic of anti-doping, the subsequent definitions, explains the ethical considerations, answers why there is variation between professional and amateur anti-doping policies, and provides policy recommendations.

Title: Development of doping and its prohibition in modern Olympism. Objectives: The main goal of the thesis is to present issues of doping. Partial goal is to outline the development of the modern Olympic Movement and to identify the principal points in the development of doping ban, which resulted in the current form of the anti-doping movement. Methods: This is a theoretical thesis. The scientific methods of historical research and document analysis were used to achieve the targets. Results: New substances and methods, that can improve athletic performance, are constantly discovered. However in case of excessive use, these substances can harm human body. Therefore it is necessary to guard their abuse. Unfortunately the biggest breakthroughs in doping prohibition came after athlete's deaths (caused by doping). International Olympic Committee played a fundamental role in the process of doping ban. IOC initiated establish of the World Anti-Doping Agency in 1999. WADA currently provides a really efficient fight against doping in sport. Keywords: Doping, prohibited substances, anti-doping policy, Olympic Movement, IOC, WADA.

This study investigates the differences and similarities in implementation of anti-doping policy in Denmark and Iceland. Various anti-doping themes has been chosen to dig deeper into the implementation on policies between the two countries which are related to: Economy, Education, Testing and Investigation, International Cooperation, Fitness and Public Health and Research and Development.  A comparison of the implementation is done where governance and power within anti-doping is analyzed in the countries. The aim is to outline the ways the two countries implement anti-doping policy, analyze how their NADOs are governed as well as how power and interconnections are divided between the stakeholders of anti-doping. Document analysis and a semi structured interview was conducted in order to collect the data needed for the investigation and analysis process. A thematic analysis was developed to be able to gather the most vital and reliable data on the selected anti-doping themes. Additionally, theory on power, interconnections and good governance was implemented to reach towards the purpose of this study. The analysis showed different outcomes in the two countries. Denmark implements the international anti-doping policy to a high degree where they adapt to it in relation to national strategies in sport. Iceland has difficulties in adapting to every anti-doping standard of the international policy and focuses on the ones of most importance to Icelandic sport and society.  The study concluded that both countries implement and comply to the international anti-doping policy by law and have independent NADOs that are responsible for anti-doping nationally. Despite complying to the international law, the implementation differs in the countries which is affected by national prioritization and resources. The main focus of Iceland is education and testing where Denmark is more developed within their NADO and prioritizes every standard to a certain degree. The NADOs are steered by the policies set by WADA and their governments who are running political and corporate governance. Furthermore, the study concluded that the interconnected relationship between the stakeholders of anti-doping is complex and there are often difficulties between the NADOs, the ministries and/or WADA which also involves the power relationship between the stakeholders.