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The effect of ACTH and steroidal antiinflammatory agents on prostaglandin F2a levels in vivo and in vitro using a spontaneously established porcine granulosa cell line /Kwan, Ivy January 1992 (has links)
In vivo experiments were conducted to determine if elevated plasma glucocorticoid concentrations would suppress intrafollicular prostaglandin F2$ alpha$ (PGF2$ alpha$) synthesis and, thereby, inhibit ovulation in the pig. Following ACTH administration, PGF2$ alpha$ concentrations in FF tended to be lower than in controls. Injections of betamethasone partially suppressed the preovulatory rise of PGF2$ alpha$ in FF at 40h, although the effect was less marked than that produced by indomethacin. While no ovulations occurred in the indomethacin-treated group at any time, betamethasone resulted in a lower number of ovulated follicles at 44h than in the control animals. Progesterone concentrations were unaffected by the treatments. / In vitro studies were conducted with a spontaneously established cell line developed through continuous culturing of primary granulosa cells collected from prepuberal gilts six hours after they had received PMSG. Characterization of these cells revealed that aromatase and steroidogenesis were functional but gonadotropin receptors were not present. When extracellular PGF2$ alpha$ levels were measured, dexamethasone was able to significantly suppress PGF$ sb{2 alpha}$ concentrations, but not as effectively as with indomethacin. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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The relative effectiveness of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Ibuprofen®) and a taping method (Kinesio Taping® Method) in the treatment of episodic tension-type headachesHenry, Justin Michael January 2009 (has links)
Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for a Masters Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2009. / Headaches are one of the most common clinical conditions in medicine,
and 80% of these are tension-type headaches (TTH). TTH has a greater socioeconomic
impact than any other type of headache due to its prevalence. Within the TTH category,
episodic TTH are more prevalent than chronic TTH. The mainstay in the treatment of
TTH are simple analgesics and NSAIDs. Unless contraindicated, NSAIDs are often the
most effective treatment for ETTH. However patients suffering with TTH tend to relate
their headaches to increased muscle stiffness in the neck and shoulders and thus the
non-pharmacological treatment of ETTH could be directed at the associated
musculoskeletal components of ETTH. It is therefore proposed that the Kinesio Taping®
Method may have an effect in the treatment of the muscular component of ETTH.
Method: This study was a prospective randomised clinical trial with two intervention
groups (n=16) aimed at determining the relative effectiveness of a NSAID and the
Kinesio Taping® Method in the treatment of ETTHs. The patients were treated at 5
consultations over a 3 week period. Feedback was obtained using the: NRS – 101, the
CMCC Neck Disability Index and a Headache Diary.
Results: The Headache Diary showed a reduction in the presence and number, mean
duration and pain intensity of ETTH in both groups. These treatment effects were
sustained after the cessation of treatment with the exception of mean pain intensity in
the Kinesio Taping® Method group. The mean NRS score decreased in both groups but
at a slightly faster rate in the Kinesio Taping® Method group. The CMCC showed an
improvement in the functional ability of the patients in both groups.
Conclusion: There seems to be no significant difference in the relative effectiveness of
the treatment modalities. We can thus state that the overall short-term reduction in
symptomatology supports the use of NSAIDs or Kinesio Taping® Method in the
treatment of ETTH.
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New insights into appetite, inflammation and the use of fish oil in hemodialysis patientsZabel, Rachel Eve January 2009 (has links)
Protein-energy wasting (PEW) is commonly seen in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The condition is characterised by chronic, systemic low-grade inflammation which affects nutritional status by a variety of mechanisms including reducing appetite and food intake and increasing muscle catabolism. PEW is linked with co-morbidities such as cardiovascular disease, and is associated with lower quality of life, increased hospitalisations and a 6-fold increase in risk of death1. Significant gender differences have been found in the severity and effects of several markers of PEW. There have been limited studies testing the ability of anti-inflammatory agents or nutritional interventions to reduce the effects of PEW in dialysis patients. This thesis makes a significant contribution to the understanding of PEW in dialysis patients. It advances understanding of measurement techniques for two of the key components, appetite and inflammation, and explores the effect of fish oil, an anti-inflammatory agent, on markers of PEW in dialysis patients. The first part of the thesis consists of two methodological studies conducted using baseline data. The first study aims to validate retrospective ratings of hunger, desire to eat and fullness on visual analog scales (VAS) (paper and pen and electronic) as a new method of measuring appetite in dialysis patients. The second methodological study aims to assess the ability of a variety of methods available in routine practice to detect the presence of inflammation. The second part of the thesis aims to explore the effect of 12 weeks supplementation with 2g per day of Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA), a longchain fatty acid found in fish oil, on markers of PEW. A combination of biomarkers and psychomarkers of appetite and inflammation are the main outcomes being explored, with nutritional status, dietary intake and quality of life included as secondary outcomes. A lead in phase of 3 months prior to baseline was used so that each person acts as their own historical control. The study also examines whether there are gender differences in response to the treatment. Being an exploratory study, an important part of the work is to test the feasibility of the intervention, thus the level of adherence and factors associated with adherence are also presented. The studies were conducted at the hemodialysis unit of the Wesley Hospital. Participants met the following criteria: adult, stage 5 CKD on hemodialysis for at least 3 months, not expected to receive a transplant or switch to another dialysis modality during the study, absence of intellectual impairment or mental illness impairing ability to follow instructions or complete the intervention. A range of intermediate, clinical and patient-centred outcome measures were collected at baseline and 12 weeks. Inflammation was measured using five biomarkers: c-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL6), intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM-1) and white cell count (WCC). Subjective appetite was measured using the first question from the Appetite and Dietary Assessment (ADAT) tool and VAS for measurements of hunger, desire to eat and fullness. A novel feature of the study was the assessment of the appetite peptides leptin, ghrelin and peptide YY as biomarkers of appetite. Nutritional status/inflammation was assessed using the Malnutrition-Inflammation Score (MIS) and the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). Dietary intake was measured using 3-day records. Quality of life was measured using the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form version 1.3 (KDQOL-SF™ v1.3 © RAND University), which combines the Short-Form 36 (SF36) with a kidney-disease specific module2. A smaller range of these variables was available for analysis during the control phase (CRP, ADAT, dietary intake and nutritional status). Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 14 (SPSS Inc, Chicago IL, USA). Analysis of the first part of the thesis involved descriptive and bivariate statistics, as well as Bland-Altman plots to assess agreement between methods, and sensitivity analysis/ROC curves to test the ability of methods to predict the presence of inflammation. The unadjusted (paired ttests) and adjusted (linear mixed model) change over time is presented for the main outcome variables of inflammation and appetite. Results are shown for the whole group followed by analyses according to gender and adherence to treatment. Due to the exploratory nature of the study, trends and clinical significance were considered as important as statistical significance. Twenty-eight patients (mean age 61±17y, 50% male, dialysis vintage 19.5 (4- 101) months) underwent baseline assessment. Seven out of 28 patients (25%) reported sub-optimal appetite (self-reported as fair, poor or very poor) despite all being well nourished (100% SGA A). Using the VAS, ratings of hunger, but not desire to eat or fullness, were significantly (p<0.05) associated with a range of relevant clinical variables including age (r=-0.376), comorbidities (r=-0.380) nutritional status (PG-SGA score, r=-0.451), inflammatory markers (CRP r=-0.383; sICAM-1 r=-0.387) and seven domains of quality of life. Patients expressed a preference for the paper and pen method of administering VAS. None of the tools (appetite, MIS, PG-SGA, albumin or iron) showed an acceptable ability to detect patients who are inflamed. It is recommended that CRP should be tested more frequently as a matter of course rather than seeking alternative methods of measuring inflammation. 27 patients completed the 12 week intervention. 20 patients were considered adherent based on changes in % plasma EPA, which rose from 1.3 (0.94)% to 5.2 (1.1)%, p<0.001, in this group. The major barriers to adherence were forgetting to take the tablets as well as their size. At 12 weeks, inflammatory markers remained steady apart from the white cell count which decreased (7.6(2.5) vs 7.0(2.2) x109/L, p=0.058) and sVCAM-1 which increased (1685(654) vs 2249(925) ng/mL, p=0.001). Subjective appetite using VAS increased (51mm to 57mm, +12%) and there was a trend towards reduction in peptide YY (660(31) vs 600(30) pg/mL, p=0.078). There were some gender differences apparent, with the following adjusted change between baseline and week 12: CRP (males -3% vs females +17%, p=0.19), IL6 (males +17% vs females +48%, p=0.77), sICAM-1 (males -5% vs females +11%, p=0.07), sVCAM-1 (males +54% vs females +19%, p=0.08) and hunger ratings (males 20% vs females -5%, p=0.18). On balance, males experienced a maintainence or reduction in three inflammatory markers and an improvement in hunger ratings, and therefore appeared to have responded better to the intervention. Compared to those who didn’t adhere, adherent patients maintained weight (mean(SE) change: +0.5(1.6) vs - 0.8(1.2) kg, p=0.052) and fat-free mass (-0.1 (1.6) vs -1.8 (1.8) kg, p=0.045). There was no difference in change between the intervention and control phase for CRP, appetite, nutritional status or dietary intake. The thesis makes a significant contribution to the evidence base for understanding of PEW in dialysis patients. It has advanced knowledge of methods of assessing inflammation and appetite. Retrospective ratings of hunger on a VAS appear to be a valid method of assessing appetite although samples which include patients with very poor appetite are required to confirm this. Supplementation with fish oil appeared to improve subjective appetite and dampen the inflammatory response. The effectiveness of the intervention is influenced by gender and adherence. Males appear to be more responsive to the primary outcome variables than females, and the quality of response is improved with better adherence. These results provide evidence to support future interventions aimed at reducing the effects of PEW in dialysis patients.
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An in vitro investigation of the anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of the synthetic contraceptives medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and norethisterone acetate (NET-A) /Kriek, W. J. January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (MScMed)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.
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Studies of immunopathogenic mechanisms and treatment of chronic, inflammatory myopathies, myositis /Dastmalchi, Maryam, January 2007 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
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Oxy radicals and control of inflammation /Cleland, Leslie G. January 1984 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (M.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Medicine and Pathology, 1985. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 161-204).
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Evaluation of medical and/or surgical treatment of anosmia/hyposmia in association with inflammatory disease of the upper airway /Hedén Blomqvist, Ebba, January 2004 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2004. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
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Fatty acid amide hydrolase - a target for anti-inflammatory therapies? /Holt, Sandra, Unknown Date (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
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Antecedent hydrogen sulfide elicits an anti-inflammatory phenotype in postischemic murine small intestineYusof, Mozow, January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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The toxicity and therapeutic index of a methotrexate polymeric compound, D-85Visser, Suzaan January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (MSc.(Pharmacology)--Faculty of Health Sciences)-University of Pretoria, 2007.
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