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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Phylogenetische Analyse und Antibiotikaresistenzbestimmung von subgingivalen bakteriellen Isolaten aus Parodontitispatienten / Phylogenetic analyses and antibiotic susceptibility in subgingival plaque associated with periodontal disease

Suhl, Anja January 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Parodontitis ist eine Erkrankung des Zahnhalteapparates, die durch einen komplexen bakteriellen Biofilm unterhalten wird. Neben Mikroorganismen wie A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, T. denticola und T. forsythensis werden Keime unbekannter Spezies in parodontalen Taschen ausfindig gemacht. Durch die Entschlüsselung von 16S rRNA-Gensequenzen konnte die orale Flora nahezu vollständig katalogisiert werden. Allerdings fehlen bei vielen Phylotypen die entsprechenden Typstämme für weitergehende phänotypische Analysen. Grundlage dieser Arbeit bildeten 59 Patientenisolate der Parodontitis-Stammsammlung des Instituts für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie bei denen partielle 16S rRNA Sequenzen keine Spezieszuordnung ermöglichten. Nahezu vollständige 16S rRNA-Sequenzen wurden erstellt und mit Datenbankeinträgen verglichen. Bei mehr als der Hälfte der Stämme konnte keine taxonomische Zuordnung auf Sequenzierebene getroffen werden. 43 Isolate wuchsen unter aerober Atmosphäre, 16 benötigten eine anaerobe Umgebung. Alle Kulturmorphologien und nach Gram gefärbten mikroskopischen Präparate wurden fotografisch dokumentiert und katalogisiert. Die hier untersuchten Stämme, die zufällig auf der Basis taxonomischer Fragestellungen ausgewählt wurden, waren zum überwiegenden Teil auf Amoxicillin und Metronidazol empfindlich. Diese Antibiotika finden alle ihre Verwendung bei der Parodontitistherapie. Ciprofloxacin, das wegen seiner intrazellulären Wirkung ein interessantes Agens ist, wies v.a. bei Actinomyceten und Streptokokken Wirkungslücken auf. Es bleibt zu diskutieren, ob dieser Umstand nachteilig ist, da auf der einen Seite diese Genera ein orales Reservoir für Gyrasehemmer-Resistenzen ausbilden können, auf der anderen Seite diese grampositiven Keime möglicherweise parodontalprotektiv wirken könnten. In dieser Studie konnte eine Stammsammlung charakterisiert werden, die zukünftig insbesondere angesichts der zu erwartenden Entschlüsselung des oralen Metagenoms für weitere funktionelle Untersuchungen von Interesse sein dürfte. / The aim of this study was the characterisation of the subgingival periodontal microbiota by cultural and molecular methods. Periodontitis is a bacterial disease, which is caused by different periodontal pathogens like Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythensis. Furthermore there exist some species in the complex subgingival biofilm that are not cultured yet. They may participate in the progression or persistence of periodontal destruction. In this paper 59 Plaque samples were obtained from a previous study of the Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology from the University of Würzburg where the comparison of subgingival microorganisms with public databases didn´t allow a species identification. Almost complete 16S rRNA sequences were provided and compared with database entries. More than half of the bacterial isolates didn’t permit a taxonomic allocation. Macroscopic and microscopic features, the susceptibility against amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin and metronidazole are described here. 43 isolates grew under aerobic conditions, 16 needed anaerobic atmosphere. The morphology of the culture and the colouring according to Gram were documented photographically and listed. Most tested microorganisms were susceptible to amoxicillin and metronidazole. Except for Actinomyces and Streptococcus ciprofloxacin exhibits good results in the treatment of periodontal disease. In this study a collection of subgingival bacteria could be characterized, which might be of interest for further investigations in view of the decoding of the oral metagenome.
2

Virtual experiments as a contribution to the management of rivers impacted by microbial pollution and antibiotic resistance

Mishra, Sulagna 18 July 2024 (has links)
The contamination of rivers with potentially pathogenic bacteria poses health risks for users. This is particularly true when the bacteria are carriers of antibiotic resistance genes (ARG). Pathogenic bacteria and ARG are primarily discharged into rivers from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). There, ARG are subject to the processes of transport, retention, and degradation. Simultaneously, they can also propagate through the growth of the carrier bacteria and by horizontal gene transfer. According to the current state of knowledge, the horizontal transfer of ARG is mediated predominantly by plasmid transfer. While the transport of bacteria in rivers has been intensively investigated, the relationship between the location of the wastewater discharges and their impact on microbial (and ARG) loading in the receiving waters downstream remains largely unexplored. Process-based mathematical models have been designed in the past to specifically describe the plasmid-mediated transfer of ARG. However, these models are used with numerous pragmatic simplifications whose effects on the computational outcomes have not been systematically examined. The present work uses virtual experiments (VE) to answer crucial questions regarding the spread of ARG in rivers. On the one hand, VE are used to compare alternative configurations of WWTP (in terms of size and location) within a catchment with respect to the resulting microbial contamination in the river network. On the other hand, VE are used to quantify the biases that arise in the estimation of plasmid transfer rates from laboratory experiments when the mathematical models used for this purpose have structural deficiencies. The rates of plasmid transfer determined from laboratory experiments provide an initial basis for assessing the potential importance of the horizontal transfer of ARG occurring in the water column along rivers. The knowledge gained makes an important contribution to describing the spread of ARG in rivers in the future through mathematical models and to identifying possible mitigation measures.
3

Vergleichende Untersuchungen der Nasenflora von Probanden aus Ghana und Deutschland / Comparing characteristics of nasal flora of subjects from Ghana and Germany

Seeba, Hannah 12 August 2015 (has links)
No description available.

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