The number of superficial candidal infections has grown due to an increase in the elderly cohort and ever-increasing immunocompromised population, and the increased prevalence of antifungal drug resistance. The aim of this research was to investigate the antifungal efficacy of a citrus fruit extract, Biosecur c320c (B320), against two strains of Candida albicans (nystatin sensitive and resistant). The viability of C. albicans strain treated with 10% B320 was reduced by 90-99% depending on biofilm age. A B320/nystatin combination demonstrated even greater efficacy at killing biofilm cells in either strain. The nystatin sensitive strain did not develop resistance to B320 while resistance was developed following long-term exposure to nystatin. Scanning electron micrographs of C. albicans biofilms revealed cellular debris after treatment with combined B320/nystatin. Citrus fruit extracts containing polyphenols might contribute to the development of novel therapeutics for the treatment of oral candidiasis, particularly in those refractory to nystatin therapy.

The number of superficial candidal infections has grown due to an increase in the elderly cohort and ever-increasing immunocompromised population, and the increased prevalence of antifungal drug resistance. The aim of this research was to investigate the antifungal efficacy of a citrus fruit extract, Biosecur c320c (B320), against two strains of Candida albicans (nystatin sensitive and resistant). The viability of C. albicans strain treated with 10% B320 was reduced by 90-99% depending on biofilm age. A B320/nystatin combination demonstrated even greater efficacy at killing biofilm cells in either strain. The nystatin sensitive strain did not develop resistance to B320 while resistance was developed following long-term exposure to nystatin. Scanning electron micrographs of C. albicans biofilms revealed cellular debris after treatment with combined B320/nystatin. Citrus fruit extracts containing polyphenols might contribute to the development of novel therapeutics for the treatment of oral candidiasis, particularly in those refractory to nystatin therapy.

Thesis (M. Ag. Sc.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Horticulture, Viticulture and Oenology, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-96).

Thesis (M.S.)--Georgia State University, 2008. / Title from file title page. Keith Pascoe, committee chair; Alfons Baumstark, Jerry Smith, Davon Kennedy, committee members. Electronic text (46 p. : ill. (some col.)) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed July 8, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 45-46).

Thesis (M.Sc. (Biochemistry))--Mahidol Uninversity, 1978.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2008. / Title from title page screen (viewed on July 31, 2008). Research advisor: P. David Rogers, Pharm.D., Ph.D. Document formatted into pages (xii, 172 p. : ill.). Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 98-115).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2008. / Title from title page screen (viewed on Septeber 9, 2008). Research advisor: P. David Rogers, Pharm.D., Ph.D. Document formatted into pages (xiii,172 p. : ill.). Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 98-115).

Thesis (doctoral)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. / Thesis documentation sheet inserted. Appendix reprints four papers and manuscripts co-authored with others. Includes bibliographical references. Also partially issued electronically via World Wide Web in PDF format; online version lacks appendix.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--McMaster University, 2003. / Advisor: Gerard Wright. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via World Wide Web.

Orientador: Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida / Coorientador: Rondinelli Donizetti Herculano / Banca: Sergio Luiz de Souza Salvador / Banca: Juliana Campos Junqueira / Banca: Jean Leandro dos Santos / Banca: Janaina Habib Jorge / Resumo: O aumento na incidência de infecções fungicas tem progredido significativamente e dados epidemiológicos mostram que as leveduras do gênero Candida são as principais responsáveis pelas micoses em humanos. A terapêutica para o tratamento dos processos infecciosos causados por fungos tem encontrado uma série de problemas, como a crescente evolução da resistência aos antimicrobianos, o número restrito de fármacos disponíveis e os efeitos colaterais. Neste contexto, faz-se necessário o desenvolvimento de antifúngicos mais eficazes e menos tóxicos. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi o de realizar a síntese e verificar a atividade antifúngica de derivados nitrofuranos contra células planctônicas e biofilmes de cepas padrão de Candida spp., bem como analisar os efeitos tóxicos destes compostos em modelos alternativos ao uso de mamíferos. Realizou-se a síntese e caracterização físico-química de derivados nitrofuranos. Estes tiveram sua sensibilidade testada contra células planctônicas e biofilmes de Candida spp. nos tempos de 6, 24 e 48 horas. Além disso, foram realizados ensaios de citotoxicidade dos derivados nitrofuranos, bem como ensaios de toxicidade em Galleria mellonella, Danio rerio (zebrafish) e Caenorhabditis elegans. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que os compostos L7CF 113 e L7CF165 foram os que apresentaram melhor atividade antifúngica. Os biofilmes de C. albicans, C. krusei e C. glabrata formados em 6 horas apresentaram atividade metabólica reduzida quando em... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The increase in the incidence of fungal infections has progressed significantly and epidemiological data show that yeasts of the genus Candida are the main responsible for the mycoses in humans. Therapy for the treatment of infectious processes caused by fungi has encountered a number of problems, such as the increasing evolution of antimicrobial resistance, the limited number of drugs available and the side effects. In this context, the development of more effective and less toxic antifungal agents is necessary. The objective of the present study was to perform the synthesis and to verify the antifungal activity of nitrofuran derivatives against planktonic cells and biofilms of references strains of Candida spp., as well as to analyze the toxic effects of these compounds in alternative models to the use of mammals. The physicochemical synthesis and characterization of nitrofuran derivatives was carried out. These had their sensitivity tested against planktonic cells and biofilms of Candida spp. at times of 6, 24 and 48 hours. In addition, cytotoxicity assays of nitrofuran derivatives as well as toxicity assays were performed in Galleria mellonella, Danio rerio (zebrafish) and Caenorhabditis elegans. The results obtained showed that the compounds L7CF 113 and L7CF 165 showed the best antifungal activity. The biofilms of C. albicans, C. krusei and C. glabrata formed in 6 hours showed reduced metabolic activity when in contact with the compounds L7CF 113 and L7CF 165 in concentrations equal to or greater than 62.50 μg / mL. The biofilms of C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. parapasilosis and C.tropicalis, formed at 24 and 48 hours, presented reduced metabolic activity for compound L7CF 113 and L7CF 165 in concentrations equal to or greater than 125 μg / mL. The cytotoxicity assays... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor