On the basis of the well-known preservative properties of Sphagnum moss, a potential opportunity to use moss polysaccharides (Sphagnan) in art conservation was tested. Polysaccharides were extracted from the moss (S. palustre spp.) in the amount of 4.1% of the Sphagnum plant dry weight. All lignocelluloses were removed from this extract as a result of the treatment of the moss cellulose with sodium chlorite. The extracted polysaccharide possessed a strong acidic reaction (pH 2.8) and was soluble in water and organic solvents. The extract was tested on laboratory bacterial cultures by the disk-diffusion method. The antibacterial effect was demonstrated for E. coli and P. aeruginosa (both gram-negative) while Staphylococcus aurelus (gram-positive) was shown to be insensitive to Sphagnum polysaccharides. The antifungal effect of Sphagnum extract was tested by the disk-diffusion method on the spores of seventeen fungal species. These fungi were isolated from ethnographic museum objects and from archaeological objects excavated in the Arctic. Twelve of these isolates appeared susceptible to the extract. The inhibiting effect of the extract was also tested by the modified broth-dilution method on the most typical isolate (Aspergillus spp.). In this experiment, in one ml of the nutritious broth, 40µl of 3% solution of polysaccharides in water killed 10,000 fungal spores in 6 hours. The inhibiting effect was not connected to the acidity or osmotic effect of Sphagnum polysaccharides. As an example of the application of Sphagnum polysaccharides in art conservation, they were added as preservative agents to conservation waxes. After three weeks of exposure of microcrystalline wax to test fungi (Aspergillus spp.), 44% of wax was consumed. When, however, ~ 0.1% (w/w) of Sphagnum extract was mixed with wax, the weight loss of wax was only 4% in the same time interval. On the basis of this study it was concluded that Sphagnum moss and Sphagnum products can be recommended for use in art conservation as antifungal agents. / Thesis (Master, Art Conservation) -- Queen's University, 2010-01-14 15:55:23.779

Darbo objektas: pašariniai kviečiai bei miežiai. Kviečių ir miežių mėginiai buvo gauti iš Prienų rajone esančių žemės ūkio įmonių. Mėginiai paimti atsitiktinės atrankos būdu iš saugyklų. Eterinių aliejų antigrybinis aktyvumas įvertintas difuzijos į agarą metodu. Darbo apimtis: 69 puslapių. Darbe pateiktos 9 lentelės, 16 paveikslų. Darbo tikslas: įvertinti eterinių aliejų antigrybines savybes mikromicetams, išskirtiems iš grūdų. Darbo uždaviniai: atrinkti komercinius eterinius aliejus pagal jų poveikį, sumažinant grūdų užsikrėtimą mikromicetais. Įvertinti atrinktų komercinių eterinių aliejų antigrybines savybes „lauko“ mikromicetams. Įvertinti atrinktų komercinių 100 proc. eterinių aliejų antigrybines savybes „sandėlių“ mikromicetams. Palyginti komercinių eterinių aliejų antigrybines savybes skirtingoms mikromicetų rūšims. Rezultatai ir aptarimas: Atrinkti 6 komerciniai eteriniai aliejai (raudonėlių, šalavijų, ciberžolių, čiobrelių, pipirmėčių ir levandų), pasižymintys antigrybinėmis savybėmis. Vertinant eterinių aliejų antigrybinį poveikį, parinktos keturios pagrindinės mikromicetų kultūros (Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., Alternaria sp.). Mikromicetų kultūras, veikiant skirtingu eterinių aliejų kiekiu (50; 25; 12,5; 6,25 μl), EO mažiausiai turėjo įtakos Aspergillus genties grybams. Fusarium genties grybai buvo jautriausi 50 ir 25 μl eterinių aliejų kiekiui. Mažinant eterinių aliejų kiekį (12,5 ir 6,25 μl) jautriausi antigrybiniam poveikiui buvo Penicillium... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Object of the thesis: feeding wheat and barleycorn. Samples of wheat and barleycorn were obtained from agricultural companies in Prienai district. Samples were taken from storage by random selection. Antifungal activity of essential oils was evaluated using method of diffusion to agar. Structure: 69 pages. There are 9 tables and 16 figures in the thesis. Objective of the thesis: to evaluate antifungal effect of essential oils on micromycetes isolated from grain. Tasks: to select commercial essential oils according to their effect, by decreasing infection of grain with micromycetes. To evaluate antifungal effect of selected commercial essential oils on micromycetes "outside". To evaluate antifungal effect of selected commercial 100% essential oils on micromycetes "in storage". To compare antifungal effect of commercial essential oils on different kinds of micromycetes. Results and discussion: 6 commercial essential oils (oregano, salvia, curcuma, thyme, peppermint and lavender) with antifungal properties were selected. When evaluating antifungal effect of essential oils, four main cultures of micromycetes were selected (Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., Alternaria sp). When applying different amounts of essential oils on cultures of micromycetes (50; 25; 12,5; 6,25 μl), the smallest effect was that of EO on genus Aspergillus fungi. Fungi of genus Fusarium were the most sensitive to the essential oil amounts of 50 and 25 μl. As the amount of essential oils was... [to full text]

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:59:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1755870 bytes, checksum: 96ad104e1f5d7b4eee083c5643e9708f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The candidiasis is a fungal opportunistic infections involving Candida. In Brazil, the specie C. tropicalis is the second most commonly isolated after C. albicans. The emergence of strains resistant to conventional antifungal agents has increased the search for new alternatives from natural products, especially essential oils. This study investigated the activity of essential oil (EO) Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb.(clove) on strains of C. tropicalis by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC), Micromorphology, fungal viability (time-kill) and checkerboard. The CIM and CFM were respectively 512 and 1024 μg/mL for the essential oil and 2 μg/mL for amphotericin B. When we evaluated the action of OE and amphotericin B on the morphology of the clinical strain, we observed inhibition of the formation of hyphae and pseudohyphae, which are important virulence factors in the development of candidiasis. There was also the essential oil has a concentration-dependent antifungal activity and that the association of OE and amphotericin B demonstrated effect additive. Given this, it is concluded that the essential oil of E. caryophyllata showed a strong inhibitory activity against C.tropicalis and thus can be considered as a potential product with antifungal properties, especially for the treatment of candidiasis. / As candidíases são infecções fúngicas de caráter oportunista, envolvendo leveduras do gênero Candida. No Brasil, a espécie C. tropicalis é a segunda mais comumente isolada após C. albicans. O surgimento de cepas resistentes aos antifúngicos convencionais tem aumentado a busca por novas alternativas provenientes de produtos naturais, em especial os óleos essenciais. Este trabalho investigou a atividade do óleo essencial (OE) de Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb. (cravo-da-índia) sobre cepas de C. tropicalis, através da Determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM), da Concentração Fungicida Mínima (CFM), do efeito sobre micromorfologia, da viabilidade fúngica (time-kill) e ensaio de sinergismo (checkerboard). A CIM e CFM foram 512 e 1024 μg/mL, respectivamente, para o óleo essencial e 2 μg/mL para anfotericina B. Quando foi avaliada a ação do OE e da anfotericina B sobre a micromorfologia da cepa clínica, observou-se inibição da formação das hifas e pseudohifas, que são fatores de virulência importantes no desenvolvimento das candidíases. Observou-se também o óleo essencial tem atividade antifúngica dependente da concentração e do tempo, e que a associação do OE e anfotericina B demonstrou efeito aditivo.Dessa forma, pode-se concluir que o óleo essencial de E. caryophyllata apresenta forte atividade antifúngica, podendo ser objeto para estudos mais aprofundados acerca dessa atividade.