Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:46:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 448437 bytes, checksum: 60983419cc016efd1f7f33688a0b7296 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present study was performed in order to evaluate the action of anthelmintics compounds on gastrointestinal parasite nematodes of 27 Alpine and Saanen adult goats. The animals were divided into three groups. The goats of the Group-1 were treated with closantel (7.5g), albendazol (3.8g) and ivermectin B1a (0.2%) at a dose of 1mL/10Kg body weight (b.w) and orally, the animals of the Group-2 were treated with closantel (10g), albendazol (3,8%), levamisol (6.4g), ivermectin B1a (0.2%), selenium (0.1 g) and cobalt (0.44g) at a dose of 1mL/10Kg of b.w and orally and the animals in the Group-3 (control) received distilled water. During the whole experimental period, the goats received balanced ration and water ad libitum . The counts of eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) and coprocultures of all animals were realized at intervals of days 0, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 and 28 and were determined the haematocrit, counting global and differential white blood cells, total protein and the test Famacha at intervals of days 0, 14 and 28. Six animals from each group were sacrificed and slaughters on day 28. The two associations were effectives, showing differences in EPG and lower nematodes infections than the control group animals (p<0.05), whereas the combination used in the Group-2 animals was the most efficient. / Com o objetivo de avaliar a ação de compostos anti- helmínticos sobre nematóides parasitos gastrintestinais de caprinos, 27 cabras adultas Parda-Alpina e Saanen foram separadas em três grupos. Os animais do grupo-1 foram tratados com closantel (7,5g), albendazole (3,8g) e ivermectina B1a (0,2 %) na dose de 1mL/10Kg de peso corporal (p.c) e por via oral (v.o.), os animais do grupo-2 foram tratados com closantel (10 g), albendazole (3,8g), levamisole (6,4 g), ivermectina B1a (0,2 %), selênio (0,1g) e cobalto (0,44g) na dose de 1mL/10Kg de p.c. e por v.o. e os animais do grupo-3 (controle) receberam água destilada. Durante todo o experimento os animais receberam ração balanceada e água à vontade. Realizaram-se as contagens de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) e coproculturas de todos os animais nos intervalos de 0, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias e determinação do hematócrito, contagem global e diferencial de leucócitos, proteína total e o teste Famacha nos intervalos de 0, 14 e 28 dias. Seis animais de cada grupo foram sacrificados e necropsiados no 28° dia. As duas associações foram eficazes, apresentando diferenças no OPG e menor infecção por nematóides em relação aos animais do grupo controle (p<0,05), sendo que a associação utilizada nos animais do grupo-2 foi a mais eficiente.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-08-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:09:04Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rosa_prb_me_araca.pdf: 416154 bytes, checksum: 1046755fdc6308c2bbd83d3cb9353bbe (MD5) / O experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de realizar a avaliação parasitológica, laboratorial e do desenvolvimento ponderal do uso do óleo de Neem em ovinos. Foram utilizados 32 ovinos mestiços Santa Inês divididos em dois grupos (C - Controle e T - tratados com óleo de Neem), randomizados de acordo com seu peso vivo, volume globular e número de ovos por gramas de fezes, das análises realizadas previamente ao começo do experimento. Os animais T receberam 2,5mL por kg de peso vivo do óleo de Neem por via oral com duas administrações em intervalos de 14 dias. No dia da aplicação e a cada sete dias após o tratamento foram feitos exames coprológicos. Pesagens, avaliação da condição corporal exames hematológicos e bioquímicos foram realizadas individualmente a cada quatorze dias. Os resultados demonstram que a utilização do óleo de Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) na quantidade administrada e nas condições deste experimento não foi eficaz no controle dos endoparasitas gastrintestinais, não provocou alterações nos padrões hematológicos e bioquímicos e nem comprometeu o ganho de peso e o escore corporal dos ovinos / The experiment was conducted to investigate the potential anti-parasitic Neem in sheep naturally infected with gastrointestinal helminths and protozoa in grazing management conditions, to evaluate the reduction of the values of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) after treatment determine the population dynamics of endoparasites by fecal culture and to evaluate the biochemical, weight gain and body condition. We used 32 Santa Inez crossbred sheep divided into two groups (C - Control and T - treated with Neem oil), uniform in weight and in accordance with the results of the packed cell volume and number of eggs per gram of feces, the analyzes prior to the start of the experiment. T animals received 2.5 ml per kg body weight of the Neem Oil orally with two administrations at intervals of 14 days. On the day of application and every seven days after treatment were done stool tests. Weight measurements, assessment of body condition hematological and biochemical examinations were performed individually for every fourteen days. The results demonstrate that the use of Neem oil (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) administered in the amount and conditions of this experiment was not effective in controlling gastrointestinal endoparasites, caused no changes in hematological and biochemical standards and not compromise the weight gain and body condition score of sheep

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-15T20:31:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 kizzyMFMC_DISSERT.pdf: 774522 bytes, checksum: da3661ec2a393e4af5e31278032e04d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-08 / Despite its known resistance, the sheep are subject to endoparasitoses, which are the main limiting factor for its production worldwide, especially in tropical regions. This study aims to evaluate the changes in parasitic load, serum biochemical and hematological panel, and Famacha scores of mixed-bred sheep naturally infected with nematodes and treated with ivermectin and closantel. The study was conducted at July 2010, in a farm in the municipality of Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil. We selected 41 animals were divided into three groups: group I- control (without treatment), group II- treated with ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg), and Group III- treated with closantel (5 mg/kg). Stool samples were collected on days 0, 7, 14 and 21 after treatment for quantitative analysis (EPG) and qualitative analysis (stool culture), we used samples from days 0, 14 and 21. The first blood sample was given on day 0, the second and third 24 and 72 hours after the first, respectively the fourth and fifth 7 and 14 days after the first of which analyzed the blood count, serum total protein, albumin and globulins, and albumin/globulins ratio. Famacha scores were determined the degree of each animal at all times of sampling. Closantel administration was effective for the reduction of parasite counts, especially Haemonchus contortus, in evaluated sheep. On the other hand, there was parasite resistance to ivermectin. Famacha data showed negative correlation with packed cell volume, leukocytes, hemoglobin, albumin, total protein, globulin and albumin/globulin ratio. The packed cell volume showed a strong and positive correlation with hemoglobin, albumin and total protein. Treatment with ivermectin and closantel were not responsible for considerable changes in hematological and biochemical parameters evaluated. / Apesar de sua conhecida resistência, os ovinos estão sujeitos as endoparasitoses, sendo este o principal fator limitante para a sua produção em todo o mundo, especialmente em regiões tropicais. Este trabalho objetiva avaliar a carga parasitária, o perfil hematológico e bioquímico sérico, e o grau Famacha de ovinos sem padrão racial definido infectados e tratados com ivermectina e closantel. O trabalho foi realizado no mês de julho de 2010, numa propriedade rural no município de Mossoró-RN. Foram selecionados 41 animais, os quais foram divididos em três grupos: grupo I- controle (sem tratamento), grupo II- tratado com ivermectina (0,2 mg/kg) e Grupo III- tratado com closantel (5 mg/kg). As amostras de fezes foram coletadas nos dias 0, 7, 14 e 21, pós-tratamento para análise quantitativa (OPG) e para análise qualitativa (coprocultura), foram utilizadas amostras nos dias 0, 14 e 21. A primeira coleta de sangue se deu no dia 0, a segunda e a terceira 24 e 72 horas após a primeira, respectivamente, a quarta e a quinta 7 e 14 dias após a primeira, dos quais foram analisados o hemograma, os níveis séricos de proteínas totais, albumina e globulinas, e a relação albumina/globulinas. Foi determinado o grau de anemia pelo método Famacha de cada animal em todos os momentos de coleta de amostras. O tratamento com closantel foi eficaz na redução da carga parasitária, principalmente Haemonchus contortus, nos ovinos avaliados. Por outro lado, houve resistência dos parasitas à ivermectina. Os dados de Famacha apresentaram correlação negativa com volume globular, leucócitos, hemoglobina, albumina, proteínas totais, globulinas e relação albumina/globulinas. O volume globular apresentou uma correlação forte e positiva com hemoglobina, albumina e proteínas totais. Os tratamentos com closantel e ivermectina não foram responsáveis por alterações consideráveis nos parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos avaliados.

Gastrointestinal nematode parasites cause great losses in the production of small ruminants through reduced productivity and the cost of preventive and curative treatments. Because of the threat of anthelmintic resistance, biological control of sheep nematodes has been identified as an alternative to anthelmintic drugs. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) (Berliner) and Clonostachys rosea (Schroers) have been widely studied as biocontrol agents. B. thuringiensis has been used for the biocontrol of insects and C. rosea has been successfully used as biocontrol agent of Botrytis cinera (De Bary) in plants. B. thuringiensis and C. rosea strains were isolated from soil collected from the Livestock Section at Ukulinga Research Farm, University of KwaZulu Natal, Pietermaritzburg. Twenty-five strains of Bt and 10 strains of C. rosea were successfully isolated. The Bt colonies were identified by their circular, white, flat and undulate character, and the gram-positive and rod-shaped endospores. C. rosea was identified by white colonies on Potato-dextose agar and the characteristic conidiophores, which were branched and showed phialides at the tips. In vitro screening of the isolates was undertaken to select the best isolates. The isolates that caused significantly greater mortality were Bt isolate B2, B10 and B12 and C. rosea isolates P1, P3 and P8. These isolates caused substantial nematode mortality in both faeces and water bioassay. Nematode counts were reduced by 28.5% to 62% and 44% to 69.9% in faecal bioassay for Bt and C. rosea, respectively. In the water bioassay, nematode counts were reduced by 62% to 85% for Bt and by 62.7% to 89.3% for C. rosea. The best inoculum level at which the best isolates were most effective, and the optimum frequency of application were determined. The trial was conducted using bioassays with faeces and water. Inoculum levels of 10(6), 10(8), 10(10), 10(12) spores ml-1 for Bt and 10(6), 10(8) and 10(10) conidia ml-1 for C. rosea was used in the faecal bioassay. The inoculum levels tested in water bioassay were 10(6), 10(8), 10(10) and 10(12) spores ml-1 for Bt and 10(9), 10(10), 10(11), 10(12) conidia ml-1 for C. rosea. In the faecal bioassay, B2 was the most effective Bt isolate at an inoculum level of 10(10) spores ml-1. Isolate P3 was the best C. rosea isolate at 10(8) conidia ml-1. In the water bioassay, Isolate P3 caused a mortality of 85% at inoculum levels of 10(9), 10(10) and 10(11) conidia ml-1. The performance of biological control agents in the field is sometimes inconsistent. Combining different biocontrol agents may be a method of improving their reliability and performance. However, the combination of most of the isolates was antagonistic, with efficacy less than that of either individual biocontrol agent. In particular, Isolate P3 was more effective when used alone than when combined with any other isolates. Therefore, the combination of biocontrol agents does not always result in synergistic interaction. There were some additive interactions between two bacterial isolates, and with one bacterial and fungal combination. The effect of feeding the best of the biocontrol agents, or diatomaceous earth (DE), was evaluated in sheep. Two doses of Bt (1g and 2g kg-1BW) and C. rosea (1g kg-1BW) reduced the numbers of L3 nematode larvae in sheep faeces. The DE product (at 15% of feed) also reduced L3 numbers but it was less effective than either the Bt or the C. rosea products. Nematode counts were reduced by 74.6%, 75.1%, 84.6%, 68.5% and 27.5% for Bt 1g kg-1BW, Bt 2g kg-1BW, C. rosea (1g kg-1 BW), DE and control, respectively. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2011.