by Walubo Andrew. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991. / Bibliography: leaves 148-174. / ABSTRACT --- p.i / declaration --- p.iv / acknowledgements --- p.v / Chapter chapter 1 --- general introduction --- p.1 / Chapter chapter 2 --- literature review --- p.5 / Chapter section 1 --- isoniazid --- p.5 / Chapter section 2 --- rifampicin --- p.19 / Chapter section 3 --- pyrazinamide --- p.27 / Chapter section 4 --- an overview of the use of antituberculous drugs in uganda and hong kong --- p.30 / Chapter section 5 --- review of analytical methods --- p.40 / Chapter section 6 --- conclusions from the reviews --- p.44 / Chapter chapter 3 --- some principles of pharmacokinetics --- p.47 / Chapter section 1 --- introduction --- p.47 / Chapter section 2 --- application of pharmacokinetics --- p.55 / Chapter chapter 4. --- aims of the present project --- p.66 / Chapter chapter 5 --- chromatographic methods --- p.68 / Chapter section 1 --- a simultaneous assay for isoniazid and hydrazine metabolite in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in the rabbit --- p.68 / Chapter section 2 --- a simultaneous assay for rifampicin and pyrazinamide in human plasma --- p.89 / Chapter chapter 6 --- the pharmacokinetics of isoniazid and hydrazine metabolite in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of rabbits --- p.91 / Chapter chapter 7 --- the disposition of anti-tuberculous drugs in the plasma of elderly patients --- p.108 / Chapter SECTION 1 --- METHODS --- p.109 / Chapter SECTION 2 --- CLINICAL ASSESSMENT --- p.112 / Chapter SECTION 3 --- GENERAL FINDINGS. --- p.117 / Chapter 1)- --- THE DISPOSITION OF ISONIAZID AND HYDRAZINE METABOLITE IN THE PLASMA OF ELDERLY PATIENTS --- p.117 / Chapter 2) - --- "THE DISPOSITION OF ISONIAZID, PYRAZINAMIDE AND RIFAMPICIN IN THE PLASMA OF ELDERLY PATIENTS" --- p.129 / Chapter SECTION 4 --- CASE REPORT --- p.139 / Chapter CHAPTER 8 --- p.145 / Chapter SECTION 1 --- GENERAL CONCLUSIONS --- p.145 / Chapter SECTION 2 --- FUTURE STUDIES --- p.147 / REFERENCES --- p.148 / APPENDICES: --- p.AO / Chapter APPENDIX A --- (WORK SHEETS) --- p.AO / Chapter APPENDIX B --- (SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATIONS) --- p.BO

Graduation date: 1994

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)-- University of Washington, 2005. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 145-163).

Thesis--Wisconsin. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 30-32).

No description available.

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in medicine (Pharmaceutical affairs) Johannesburg, 1998 / Despite the availability of highly effective treatment regimens for tuberculosis, cure rates remain low for tuberculosis mainly due to patient non-compliance which results in the occurrence of multi drug resistance tuberculosis. To avoid the problem of further creation and propagation of multi drug-resistant tuberculosis, patients should be given fixed-dose combinations of anti-tubercular drugs whenever self-administration of drugs iJ permitted. During this study, an anti-tuberculosis extemporaneous powder for suspension was optimized in order to formulate a fixed combination of rifampicin. isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol hydrochloride as a powder to be ' . constituted with water by the patient prior to administration. Once an effective manufacturing method was established, different suspending agents were evaluated by their influence on powder flow properties and sedimentation volume on the powder blends. Sodium starch glycollate was chosen as the suspending agent of choice because as the concentration of sodium starch glycollate was increased, the powder flow properties of the powder blends improved. The sedimentation volume also. increased with the increasing concentration of sodium starch glycollate in the powder blends. A suitable flavour and colour was also determined to increase the acceptability of the preparation to the patient. Liquorice flavour was the most acceptable in terms of colour and flavour. An evaluation of the dissolution characteristics of the extemporaneous powder for suspension was also conducted in comparison to the dissolution profiles from commercially available tablet dosage forms. The dissolution rates from the powder tor suspension for rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide was faster than from the commercially available tablet dosage form, while the dissolution race of ethambutol HCl from the powder closely resembles the dissolution profile from the Rolab-Ethambutol HCIR tablet dosage form Therefore. a fixed combination powder for suspension was achieved and with its ease of administration would increase the compliance amongst tuberculosis patients. and increase therapeutic outcomes. / MT2017

The use of ethionamide has been increasing in drug regiments due to greater incidence of multidrug resistance tuberculosis around the world. Ethionamide is metabolized into antimicrobial relevant compounds by different flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) enzymes including FMO1, FMO2, and FMO3. FMOs are found in various locations in the body including the intestine, kidney, liver, and lung. In humans, active functional FMO2*1 is found in approximately 50% of Sub-Saharan Africans and a truncated, inactive FMO2*2, is found in all Caucasians and Asians. Polymorphisms in human FMO2 were investigated by comparing differences in metabolism of ethionamide in wildtype mice relative to Fmo 1/2/4 null mice. All mice were capable of metabolizing ethionamide into ethionamide S-oxide and 2-ethyl-4-amidopyridine. Wildtype mice had higher plasma levels of metabolites than parent compound. In contrast, Fmo 1/2/4 null mice had higher plasma levels of parent compound than metabolites. In both mouse populations, maximum ethionamide concentration peaked at 2 hours post-exposure. Increased metabolism of ethionamide in wildtype mice may deplete glutathione pools and induce oxidative stress leading to greater toxicity and adverse drug effects. This murine model is used to demonstrate the polymorphic differences of FMO2 occurring in humans. Taking these differences into account, polymorphisms of drug metabolizing enzymes provide a basis for increasing specific and individualized drug treatment regiments in susceptible populations. / Graduation date: 2012

This paper deals with the preparation of pyridinium derivatives of naphthoquinone. The starting material was 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone, and it was reacted with pyridine and 4-n-alkyl-pyridine derivatives.

by Cheung Wah. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64-68). / Tuberculosis in the Elderly : Presentation and Therapeutic Problems -a Clinical and Pharmacological Study / Contents / Chapter 1. --- Summary --- p.6 / Chapter 2. --- Introduction --- p.7 / Chapter 3. --- Aims of the Study --- p.11 / Chapter 4. --- Subjects and Methods --- p.12 / Chapter 5. --- Results --- p.36 / Chapter 6. --- Discussion --- p.55 / Chapter 7. --- Conclusion --- p.61 / Chapter 8. --- Acknowledgement --- p.63 / Chapter 9. --- References --- p.64