La Lipoprotéine lipase (LPL) est une enzyme essentielle de la lipolyse intravasculaire dont la régulation est complexe. La découverte des miRs, régulateurs de l'expression posttranscriptionnelle des gènes via leurs interactions avec les régions 3' non traduite (3'UTR), apporte de nouvelles perspectives pour la compréhension de la régulation de la LPL et de ses gènes régulateurs. Nous présentons à travers deux études, l'implication des microARNs (miRs) dans la régulation de la LPL et d'un de ses gènes activateurs APOA5. Dans le premier travail, nous avons mis en évidence la création d'un site de liaison fonctionnel du miR-485-5p par expliquons ainsi le mécanisme potentiellement impliqué dans l'association de ce polymorphisme aux hypertriglycéridémies sévères et modérées en population générale. Dans un second travail, nous avons identifié un haplotype de la LPL, incluant la mutation p.Ser474Ter (rs328) et sept single nucleotide polymorphisme (SNPs) de la région 3'UTR, significativement associés à une diminution des triglycérides (TG) plasmatiques en population générale. Nous avons ensuite démontré la fonctionnalité des sept SNPs de la région 3'UTR par la suppression de sites de liaison de plusieurs miRs. Ainsi ces résultats suggèrent que l'association du variant p.Ser474Ter (rs328) à la triglycéridémie pourrait au moins partiellement être liée à son déséquilibre de liaison avec les sept SNPs fonctionnels de la région 3'UTR. Nos travaux sont parmi les premiers à mettre en évidence l'implication des miRs dans la régulation de la LPL et de ses gènes régulateurs chez l'homme. Ils permettent ainsi d'accroitre la connaissance des mécanismes impliqués dans la régulation de la lipolyse intravasculaire. Enfin, ils éclairent les mécanismes fonctionnels mis en jeu par deux polymorphismes significativement associés à la triglycéridémie / The lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a key enzyme which regulates plasma triglycerides (TG) intravascular lipolysis involving a complex regulation. The microRNAs (miR) are implicated in gene post-transcriptional regulation through their interaction with the 3’untranslated region (3’UTR). Their discovery provides new insights in the understanding of the LPL regulation and its regulator genes. We present two works regarding the implication of miRs in the regulation of the LPL and one of its activator APOA5. First, we identified a functional miR-485-5p binding site creation induced by the minor C allele of the c.*158C>T (rs22667882) located in APOA5 3’UTR.We therefore provide an explanation of the mechanism potentially involved in this polymorphism association with both mild and severe hypertriglyceridemia in general population. In a second work, we identified a LPL haplotype harboring p.Ser474Ter (rs328) polymorphism and seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the 3’UTR. This haplotype is significantly associated with lower plasma triglycerides (TG) concentration in general population. We demonstrated that the SNPs located in the 3’UTR induce several functional miRs binding-site suppressions that could lead to an increase of LPL expression. Finally, p.Ser474Ter association with triglyceridemia could be at least partially explained by its strong linkage disequilibrium with these functional 3’UTR SNPs. These works are amongst the first studies to bright to light the miRs implication in the regulation of LPL or its regulator genes in human. They provide a better knowledge of the mechanisms involved in intravascular lipolysis. Finally, they also explain the functional mechanisms of two polymorphisms, significantly associated with the plasma TG concentration

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The incidence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is increasing worldwide and accompanied by elevated risks for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other subsequent comorbidities. MetS is associated with increased circulating triglycerides. A key enzyme involved in triglyceride (TG) clearance is lipoprotein lipase (LPL) whose activity is modulated by a variety of factors. Recent literature has identified the importance of angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTL) as regulators of LPL activity and has hypothesized a model in which three of these proteins interact with LPL to regulate the partitioning of TG metabolism from adipose to skeletal muscle. The work detailed in this dissertation adds to the model of ANGPTL regulation of LPL by establishing how ANGPTL8 modulates the ability of ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL4 to inhibit LPL activity in the bloodstream and localized environments, respectively. In the updated model, elevated insulin concentrations result in increased hepatic ANGPTL3/8 secretion and increased ANGPTL4/8 in adipose tissue. ANGPTL3/8 works as an endocrine molecule to inhibit skeletal muscle LPL from hydrolyzing circulating TG. Simultaneously, ANGPTL4/8 works in a paracrine mechanism to bind LPL on the endothelial vasculature adjacent to adipose tissue to alleviate ANGPTL4-mediated LPL inhibition and also prevent ANGPTL3/8 inhibition of localized LPL. Thus, in the postprandial state free fatty acids (FFA) from the hydrolysis of TG are directed into adipocytes for storage. Under fasting conditions, ANGPTL8 production is decreased in adipocytes and hepatocytes. This decreased production results in diminished ANGPTL4/8 and ANGPTL3/8 secretion from their respective tissues. As a result, ANGPTL4 inhibits adipocyte localized LPL activity while ANGPTL3 at physiological concentrations has minimal effect on LPL activity. Furthermore, any ANGPTL3/8 which is produced has its LPL-inhibitory ability diminished by the circulating apolipoprotein ApoA5. LPL is more active in skeletal muscle compared to adipose tissue where energy is shunted towards utilization in the muscle and away from storage in adipose tissue. A complete understanding of LPL regulation by ANGPTL proteins can potentially provide therapeutics targets for MetS.