This thesis deals with problems of open source software and its usage in an organization. The thesis is divided into three main parts; first of them describes the definiton, history, characteristic and actual offer of open source software; second part moves us to the Public Administration world, where it surveys stage of implementation of open source software in some countries around the world and in the Czech Republic especially; third part uses gained finding from the previous parts to design application architecture to particular conditions of The University of Economics, Prague. First of the main goals of this thesis is to analyse possibilities of implementation of open source software instead of closed software. Next one is to chart the state of implementation of this type of software into Public Administration field in the Czech Republic and abroad. Last objective is to project application architecture with usage of open source software to particular condition of The University of Economics, Prague. These goals was achieved by studying many information resources, discussions with specialist, including of representatives of the state, about the given topics, and further analyse of current conditions of The University of Economics, Prague. Benefits of this thesis are especially compact view on open source software, further the survey of opinions of representatives of state, representatives of towns and next specialists on this type of software a its possibilities of usage in public administration. Last but not least benefit is to desing the application architecture to particular, rather complex, environment of The University of Economics, Prague.

This thesis discusses the architecture and the development of applications for mobile device, namely of applications in Java ME platform. The goal of this paper is to draw near the problematic of development for mobile device, analyse pros and cons of several solutions and design the architecture for a few type applications in chosen solution. The theoretical part of this thesis includes the introduction to the mobile development, discussion of benefits and drawbacks of development in Java ME in comparison with other possible solutions, description of main Java ME elements and choosing of type applications for practical part. In the hands-on part of this thesis are chosen the development tools and using previously described elements, the architectures for type applications are made. For each of type application is designed and developed real-life usable application.

The topic of the thesis is putting up the application architecture of the organization based othe the actual state, identified requirements, the operational model. The thesis contains description of the business architecture domain, requirements metodology and creation of the operational model of the organization. For the main solution is used the conceptual data model. Application architecture design is presented by the aplication landscape model with the desctiption of the architecture layers and the integration concept including a master data managment concept.

This thesis is driven by the motivation to explore a way of working collaboratively that closely reflects the World Wide Web (WWW), more specifically the potential of the Web architecture built on Semantic Web technologies and Linked Data. The goal is to describe a generic approach and architecture that satisfies the needs for loose collaboration and collective knowledge construction as exemplified by the applications described in this thesis. This thesis focuses on a contribution-centric architecture which allows for flexible applications that support loose forms of collaboration. The first research question deals with how Web-based collective knowledge construction can be supported. The second research question explores the characteristics of collective knowledge construction with respect to the Open World Assumption (OWA). The OWA implies that complete knowledge about a subject cannot be assumed at any time, which is one of the most fundamental properties of the WWW. The third research question investigates how Semantic Web technologies be used in order to support such a contribution-centric architecture. The thesis and its underlying publications are of a technical character and are always grounded in theoretical models and considerations that have led to functional implementations. The research has evolved in iterative development processes and was explicitly directed at building applications that can be used in collaborative settings and that are based on standardized Web technologies. One of the main outcomes, an information model, was developed together with such an application and provides a number of novel approaches in the context in which it was designed. The validity of the presented research is supported by evaluations from different perspectives: a list of implemented applications and showcases, results from structured interviews that have investigated the suitability for various resource annotation processes, as well as scalability aspects. The thesis concludes that it is ultimately up to the application how "loose" the collaboration should be and to which extent the OWA is incorporated. The presented architecture provides a toolkit to support the development of loosely collaborative applications. The showcased applications allow the construction of collaborative conceptual models and to collaboratively annotate educational resources. They show the potential of the used technology stack and the introduced contribution-centric architecture that sits on top if it. / <p>QC 20140417</p>

Information management has begun to gain importance very fast during the time of internet business, auctions, stock exchanges, in the time of increasing number of international companies. Nowadays very often mentioned topics are how to obtain and deliver right information at the right place in the right moment, how to communicate with business partners, collaborators, superiors. Intranet belongs among devices for information management and I deal with just this theme in my diploma work. The defining of Intranet belongs to main aims of this text i.e. terminology, elements, principals of function, current trends and also giving instructions for building or reconstruction of company intranet. The detailed study of current trends during building company information system, case studies and instructions according to "Best practices" was the way how to achieve defined goals. I gathered information mainly from internet information sources which deal with this topic, mainly from foreign servers. I can see the contribution of my diploma work that it tries to give instructions for managing the project building company intranet, its timing and it draws attention to critical factors of success. The suggestion of new appearance of company intranet is the culmination of my diploma work. The work is clearly structural -- I present the explanation about problems of company information system in the theoretical part, in the practical part I deal with finding out of main lacks and formulation demands of new appearance of company intranet and at the same time I suggest possible new appearance. I evaluate achieving defined objectives and sum up main ideas in the conclusion.

The aim of this work is to propose such a methodology for designing of SW applications architecture that allows effortless, exact and systematical transformation of the real business process into a model suitable as an assignment for implementation by programmers. The aim of this proposal is such a methodology that would allow to reach the above mentioned goals on the basis of easy-to-understand and simple principles and that would be available either as a fundament for its usage within methodologies that are focused on the management of such projects, or as an alternative to methodologies that are much to expensive, complex and/or designed for very large development teams.

Η παρούσα διατριβή έχει ως στόχο να συνεισφέρει στον τομέα του Web Engineering εισάγοντας τρόπους αντιμετώπισης αυτών των προβλημάτων που αντιμετωπίζουν οι Μηχανικοί Παγκόσμιου Ιστού κατά τη διάρκεια του κύκλου ζωής των Εφαρμογών και των Πληροφοριακών Συστημάτων Παγκόσμιου Ιστού επόμενης γενιάς, και ειδικότερα κατά το σχεδιασμό, την ανάπτυξη και συντήρησή τους. Ειδικά τα τελευταία χρόνια, η εξέλιξη των εφαρμογών Παγκόσμιου Ιστού στηρίζεται, κατά κύριο λόγο, σε δυο τεχνολογικούς “πυλώνες”: στις βασικές αρχές και τεχνολογίες του Web 2.0 και στο Semantic Web. Είναι ισχυρή η πεποίθηση πως αυτές οι δύο διαφορετικές “σχολές” στην εξέλιξη του Παγκόσμιου Ιστού δε βρίσκονται σε σύγκρουση μεταξύ τους, αλλά μπορούν να συνδυαστούν κατάλληλα ώστε να ξεπεράσουν τις όποιες εγγενείς αδυναμίες τους. Κατ' αυτόν τον τρόπο, οι εφαρμογές Παγκόσμιου Ιστού της επόμενης γενιάς θα είναι σε θέση να συνδυάζουν τις αρχές του Web 2.0, κυρίως αυτές που στοχεύουν στην ευχρηστία των εφαρμογών και στη συνεργατική ανάπτυξη, με το ισχυρό τεχνολογικό υπόβαθρο του Semantic Web που διευκολύνει σε μεγάλο βαθμό την ανταλλαγή και το διαμοιρασμό πληροφορίας μεταξύ των εφαρμογών Παγκόσμιου Ιστού. Προσφάτως, έχει αρχίσει να χρησιμοποιείται ευρέως ο όρος Web 3.0 για να περιγράψει τη μελλοντική κατεύθυνση που τείνουν να ακολουθήσουν οι εφαρμογές Παγκόσμιου Ιστού. Το Web 3.0 προβλέπεται σαφώς να περιλαμβάνει τις αρχές του Semantic Web και του Web 2.0, αλλά οι ερευνητές πιστεύουν πως θα περιλαμβάνει επίσης και κάποια πιο εξειδικευμένα πεδία όπως η Τεχνητή Νοημοσύνη στον Παγκόσμιο Ιστό (Web AI). Σε κάθε περίπτωση πάντως, δεν έχει καταστεί ξεκάθαρο, όχι μόνο το ποια θα είναι τα πλήρη χαρακτηριστικά του Web 3.0, αλλά και το ποιες θα είναι οι κατάλληλες διαδικασίες και τεχνολογίες, με βάση τις οποίες θα μπορούν να δομηθούν και να αναπτυχθούν οι αντίστοιχες εφαρμογές επόμενης γενιάς, με αποτέλεσμα η πορεία προς το Web 3.0 να γίνεται προς το παρόν με αυθαίρετο και άναρχο τρόπο. Σε αυτή την κατεύθυνση, μελετάται η παρούσα κατάσταση σχετικά με την υποστήριξη των εφαρμογών του Web 3.0, και γίνονται συγκεκριμένες προτάσεις για τη βελτίωσή της. Σαν πρώτο βήμα προτείνεται μια αρχιτεκτονική τριών επιπέδων (3-tier), η οποία αφενός, στο χαμηλότερο επίπεδο, περιλαμβάνει μια ισχυρή υποδομή σημασιακής βάσης γνώσης που μπορεί να υποστηρίξει το συνδυασμό πολλαπλών διάσπαρτων πηγών δεδομένων, χωρίς να απαιτεί ένα ισχυρό προϋπάρχον σημασιακό υπόβαθρο, και αφετέρου, στα ψηλότερα επίπεδα, προσφέρει μεγάλη ευελιξία στο χρήστη κατά την αλληλεπίδραση με το υποκείμενο μοντέλο οντολογιών, και μπορεί να υποστηρίξει τη συνεργατική ανάπτυξη των εφαρμογών Παγκόσμιου Ιστού επόμενης γενιάς. Επίσης, ένα από τα σημαντικότερα τμήματα της παρούσας διατριβής, είναι η πρόταση για μια συγκεκριμένη διαδικασία ανάπτυξης και ένα μοντέλο κύκλου ζωής των εφαρμογών του Web 3.0, όπου, λαμβάνοντας υπόψη τα ιδιαίτερα στοιχεία και τον διττό χαρακτήρα των εν λόγω εφαρμογών, δίνονται εμπεριστατωμένα βήματα για το πως μπορούν να ξεπεραστούν τα όποια εμπόδια και να υπάρξει η μέγιστη δυνατή απόδοση κατά το σχεδιασμό και την ανάπτυξη των εφαρμογών Παγκόσμιου Ιστού επόμενης γενιάς. Με βάση τα παραπάνω, δίνεται η δυνατότητα για την ανάπτυξη κάποιων ενδεικτικών εφαρμογών Παγκόσμιου Ιστού, οι οποίες συνδυάζουν τη φιλοσοφία του Web 2.0 και το ισχυρό τεχνολογικό υπόβαθρο του Semantic Web. / --

Thesis (M.COM. (Business Management)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / Increasing consumer demand, customer expectations, and change in technology compel industrial corporations, governments and small medium enterprises (SMEs) to adopt Enterprise Application Architecture (EAA). EAA is a system where the applications and software are connected to each other in such a way that new components can easily be integrated with existing components. This study focused on how internal and external factors impact the adoption of EAA for Supply Chain Management (SCM) in SMEs, located in the Capricorn District Municipality. Data is analysed through a statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS version 25). A quantitative methodology with self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from SMEs (SMEs owners and managers). In total, 480 questionnaires were distributed and 310 useable were returned. Cronbach’s Alpha was used to measure reliability. Data validity is obtained through the use of Kolmogorov-Sminorv-Test to ensuring that the questionnaire was based on assumptions from accepted theories as set out in the literature review. From the research findings, it was concluded that the adoption of EAA for SCM in SMEs depends on internal factors, external factors and perceived attitudes towards the adoption of EAA. The managerial implications of the study is based on actual results such as; (a) Internal factors on owners’ characteristics were described as assessment of interior dynamics affecting the enterprise, of which the management have a full control over them, such as employees, business culture, norms and ethics, processes and overall functional activities, (b) The Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) revealed that behavioural measures on Enterprise Resources that depends on speculations about the intensions towards the adoption of EAA for SCM, (c) Compatibility in Diffusion Theory of Innovation ascertains that Technology Acceptance Models need to be linked with relevant Information System Components to have a functional EAA for SCM, (d) The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) encourages apparent behaviour on control for supplementary forecaster on intentions of employees towards the adoption of EAA for SCM in SMEs, (e) The TPB encourages apparent behaviour on control for supplementary forecaster on intentions of employees towards the adoption of EAA for SCM in SMEs, (f) Consultations with government parastatals or legal representatives of the enterprise would save the SMEs against any unforeseen challenges such as product liabilities, legal costs on lawsuit, tax evasion or avoidance penalties so forth, (g) The Diffusion Theory of Innovation (DTI) proposes that the Perceived Attitudes towards the Adoption of EAA have is affected by behaviour challenges from employees’ personal conduct that affect SCM activities within the SMEs, and (h) The DTI on the intention towards the adoption of EAA for SCM provides the competence in limiting some negative thoughts about the integrative phases or steps limiting the adoption of EAA for SCM. Keywords: Enterprise Application Architecture; Supply Chain Management; Internal and External Factors Affecting Adoption; and Technology Acceptance Models

Описаны проблемы работы с ресурсами в крупных IT-компаниях и возможности применения облачных технологий для их решения. Исследованы существующие программные продукты для построения облачных платформ. Разработана и реализована архитектура продукта для работы с разными платформами виртуализации на основе существующего интерфейса взаимодействия OpenStack. / The problems of working with resources in large IT companies and the possibilities of using cloud technologies to solve them are described. The existing software products for building cloud platforms are investigated. The product architecture for working with different virtualization platforms based on the existing OpenStack interaction interface has been developed and implemented.

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems are used to integrate all functions of an enterprise. They often evolve from a smaller monolithic object-oriented application, covering one functional area and organically grow over time in features and size until all functional areas are covered. Once they reach certain size, unrestricted dependencies among numerous classes increase complexity of the system and make it harder for development team to create new features and maintain code stability. This creates problems to further evolution of the ERP system and poses a risk to economic consequences for company developing it. ERP refactoring strategy, together with process of its creation, is presented in this thesis. It can be used with ERP systems, having architectural issues, with a purpose to improve quality of system’s architecture and thus prolong its lifecycle. The goal of modularizing monolithic system it pursued with intention to reduce complexity and make it easier to reason about the system. This architecture-level refactoring strategy is created for one specific medium-sized ERP system through iterative trial-and-error explorative approach. This thesis is carried out at the main development site for this ERP system by project team consisting of employees working on its development. The result shows the RefStratERP, an innovative refactoring strategy consisting of target architecture, refactoring process to reach it, refactoring principles and refactoring limitations. Contrary to initial expectation, arranging domain modules (modules containing business logic) in directed acyclic graph (DAG) is, in general, not feasible without sacrificing internal module cohesion of business logic. Accidental unidirectional dependency between two domain modules is at risk of becoming bidirectional under changing business requirements. On the other hand, non-domain modules (modules without business logic) could be completely separated from domain modules in a way that domain modules depend on non-domain modules. This comes from underlying nature of business domain and the fact that functional areas of an enterprise are interdependent. / Enterprise Resource Planning-system (ERP) används för att integrera alla funktioner inom ett företag. Oftast utvecklas dem från en mindre monolitisk objektorienterad applikation som täcker ett funktionellt område och växer organiskt över tiden i funktioner och storlek tills alla funktionella områden är täckta. När dem når en viss storlek ökar komplexiteten i systemet vilket gör det svårare fär utvecklingsteamet att skapa nya funktioner och hålla kodstabilitet. Detta skapar problem för fortsatt utveckling av ERP-systemet och utgör en risk för ekonomiska konsekvenser för utvecklingsföretaget. ERP refactoringstrategin, tillsammans med processen med att skapa den, presenteras i denna avhandling. Den kan användas med ERP-system, med arkitektoniska problem, med syfte att förbättra kvaliteten hos systemets arkitektur och därigenom förlänga dess livscykel. Målet att modularisera monolitiska system strävas efter i syfte att minska komplexiteten och göra det lättare att resonera kring systemet. En refaktorstrategi på arkitektnivå skapas för ett specifikt medelstort ERP-system genom en iterativ och försök-och-mistag-explorativ metod. Projektet genomfördes på ERPs huvudutvecklingsplats av ett projektteam bestående av anställda inom ERP utveckling. Resultatet visar RefStratERP, en innovativ refaktorstrategi som består av målarkitektur, refactoringprocess för att nå det, refactoringprinciper och refactoringbegränsningar. I motsats till inledande förväntningar är det i allmänhet inte möjligt att ordna domänmoduler (moduler som innehåller affärslogik) i en riktad acyklisk graf (DAG) utan att påverka interna modulsammanhang (cohesion) i affärslogiken. Oavsiktlig enriktad beroende mellan två domänmoduler riskerar att bli dubbelriktad under förändrade affärsbehov. Å andra sidan kan icke-domänmoduler (moduler utan affärslogik) helt separeras från domänmoduler så att domänmoduler beror på icke-domänmoduler. Detta kommer från underliggande egenskaper av affärsområden och det faktum att verksamhetsområden inom ett företag är beroende av varandra.