Esta tese situa a temática das significações da percepção na apreciação musical, com base nos referenciais piagetiano e peirciano, nos quais foram privilegiadas noções referentes às manifestações simbólicas na música pelos sujeitos que participam de atividades didáticopedagógicas em cursos realizados em contextos diversos que visam à educação musical. Busca-se investigar como se manifestam nos pronunciamentos verbais dos participantes das sessões de apreciação musical desses cursos as percepções livres, entendidas como o sensível, mais diretamente ligadas a impressões variadas dos sujeitos, e elementos do conhecimento específico da área de música, problematizando, assim, o modo como se processa a aquisição dos conhecimentos musicais e a fruição da música, supondo-se que o conhecimento influencia na qualidade da apreciação de alguma forma, que varia para diferentes sujeitos. A metodologia foi constituída com base nos referenciais indicados; considera-se que as apreciações consistem no uso de signos verbais que retomam signos musicais ouvidos, os quais são signos semiológicos, cuja constituição tem um elemento sensorial e elementos de representação mental, cognitivos, que atendem a um processo progressivo de sistematização, com diferenças entre sujeitos que produzem as suas significações. O repertório de cada sessão de apreciação foi estabelecido seguindo um critério que articulou o conhecimento musical a um senso expressivo. O corpus é formado pelas respostas, produzidas por quarenta e oito sujeitos nos seguintes contextos: Galeria de Arte, cursos de graduação em Pedagogia, Licenciatura em Artes e de Música – Licenciatura e Bacharelados, da Universidade de Passo Fundo. Os depoimentos foram apresentados e classificados de modo a mostrar indicadores de percepções predominantemente sensíveis, expressivas e musicais. Concluiu-se que, no tipo de proposta pedagógica de apreciação musical trabalhada, o sensível ressalta-se sempre acompanhado das outras formas, mas não é óbvio dizer que aqueles dotados de conhecimento musical também apresentam o sensível, o que se atribui ao modo como o curso foi dinamizado, com proposta de livre manifestação, aliando a estesia ao cognitivo. / This thesis places thematic of perception significance in musical appreciation; based on Piaget and Peirce references, from which notions referred to symbolic manifestations in music were privileged, by the ones who attend didactic-pedagogical activities, in courses which aim musical education. It was tried to investigate how free perception, understood as the sensible, more directly linked to varied impressions of the subjects, and, also elements of specific knowledge of the musical field, questioning, therefore, the way musical knowledge and the music FRUIÇÃO process, supposing that the knowledge will influence the quality of appreciation in a certain way that varies from subject to subject, manifest, in verbal pronouncements of the musical appreciation sessions in courses carried out in several contexts. The methodology was constituted based on the indicated reference; it is understood that appreciations consist in the use of verbal signs which retake musical signs heard, which are semiology signs, which constitution has a sensorial element and mental representative elements, cognitive which answer to a progressive process of systematization with differences among subjects who produce their meanings. The repertoire of each appreciation session was established from a criterion that articulated musical knowledge allied to an expressive sense. The corpus is formed by answers, produced by (48) fourthin eight subjects, on the following contexts: Art Gallery, graduation courses in Pedagogy, Arts Licentiate and Music – Licentiate and Bachelor’s Degree, to Passo Fundo University. The statements were presented and classified to show indicators of mainly sensible, expressive and musical perceptions. The conclusion was that, in the kind of pedagogical proposal of musical appreciation developed, the sensible stands out always followed by other forms, but it is not obvious to say that those gifted with musical knowledge also presents the sensible. This was due to the way the course was conducted, with a free manifestation proposal, allying the aesthesia to the cognitive.

An investigation into the nature and functions of periodicity is presented through analysis and discussion. Periodicity is established by the repetition of any musical event at regular intervals in time. The three works analyzed exhibit periodic elements in a variety of contexts and on different structural levels, thereby illustrating typical functions of periodicities in complex twentieth-century music. These functions include stratum delineation, textural definition, and metric-style organization. In some cases, the regularity of the periodicities is crucial to their function, while in others the periodicity of the elements simply provides a convenient model for study. Reference is made to perceptual tendencies and thresholds including Gestalt principles of grouping, the phenomena of auditory streaming and fusion, and the temporal limits of the perceptual present. As our response to periodicities is affected by the specific rate of recurrence, a classification is made according to the rate of recurrence. The links between rate and function are discussed. Boundaries are suggested for three main divisions: very fast rates (less than 0.10"), medium (between 0.10" and 10"), and long (greater than 10"). An additional tripartite division of the medium range is proposed, incorporating the levels of pulse, sub-pulse, and super-pulse. The term "super-pulse" is introduced to emphasize the potency of the pulse-grouping level. Relationships between levels of periodic events are described in terms of rhythmic consonance and dissonance. The analyses show that a contrast in the degree of rhythmic consonance is a typical means of indicating structural boundaries. They also suggest a link between the levels which produce a dissonance and the degree of harshness felt. Consonance on several levels adds significant coherence to a stratum, enhancing its recognition in complex textures or on later appearances. / Graduate

Among various forms of art, music (and instrumental music in particular) is said to be the least descriptive art form, owing to its limitation with respect to hetero- referentiality--the ability to refer to things outside itself. However, in view of the impreciseness current in the definition of musical description itself, as well as a lack of case studies in understanding the modes of representation of descriptive music, there remain some questions about the fundamental nature and the potential of music as a medium of description. These questions will be raised and explored in this dissertation. It is particularly interesting that, while description is distinguished from narration in literary studies, in the past musicologists have often treated the two categories as one; thus, I posit that this ambiguity might blur our understanding of some aspects of the medial nature of music. By looking at semiotic features of music, I study how these features operate in delivering descriptive content through the analysis of programmatic music of various types. Their roles in developing the descriptive potential of music are also explored here. Building on theoretical studies by Werner Wolf, and the concepts of semiologists such as Ferdinand de Saussure and Charles Sanders Peirce, I discuss three musical cases: Franz Liszt’s piano work, Sposalizio (inspired by Raphael’s Lo Sposalizio della Vergine), Ottorino Respighi’s Trittico Botticelliano (inspired by three of Sandro Botticelle’s paintings), as well as Sergei Rachmaninov’s The Isle of the Dead, Op. 29 (inspired by Arnold Bocklin’s Die Toteninsel). The research presented here seeks to reveal how musical signs describe the elements of the painting, as well as how they gradually acquire their own symbolic meaning that, in turn, ultimately allows them to transcend the visual images, and operate to present the inner content of the painting, as expressed by either the painter or the composer towards the pictorial artwork.

Submitted by DIAICO DOS SANTOS ROSA null (diaico.s@hotmail.com) on 2017-03-30T17:56:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO COMPLETA.docx: 740411 bytes, checksum: d84501d70b5e09914cdb3b2130c65d57 (MD5) / Rejected by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com), reason: Solicitamos que realize uma nova submissão seguindo as orientações abaixo: A versão final da dissertação/tese deve ser submetida no formato PDF (Portable Document Format). O arquivo PDF não deve estar protegido e a dissertação/tese deve estar em um único arquivo, inclusive os apêndices e anexos, se houver. Por favor, corrija o formato do arquivo e realize uma nova submissão. Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2017-03-30T18:53:36Z (GMT) / Submitted by DIAICO DOS SANTOS ROSA null (diaico.s@hotmail.com) on 2017-03-30T19:06:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Diaico Unesp Franca.pdf: 853474 bytes, checksum: 48d35ff4a6264d129ead11b9fe1b5bb8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-04-10T13:25:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rosa_ds_me_fran.pdf: 853474 bytes, checksum: 48d35ff4a6264d129ead11b9fe1b5bb8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-10T13:25:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rosa_ds_me_fran.pdf: 853474 bytes, checksum: 48d35ff4a6264d129ead11b9fe1b5bb8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-09 / O trabalho desenvolvido tem como objetivo compreender a valorização da profissão docente nas políticas de educação básica brasileira, focando no professor efetivo contratado pelo Estado de São Paulo. Parte-se da compreensão da política de financiamento da educação básica, essencialmente ao que se refere aos fundos contábeis FUNDEF e FUNDEB, no contexto da Reforma do Estado brasileiro na década de 1990. No tocante a valorização da profissão docente atual, compreendendo o professor como um dos principais agentes do processo educacional, que sofre com o baixo preparo profissional para a ordenação do conteúdo escolar e das ações didáticas, o baixo prestigio profissional, a complexidade para enfrentar eficientemente as características demonstradas pelos alunos e principalmente a baixa remuneração do serviço prestado. O trabalho estabelece uma análise comparativa entre os professores e enfermeiros efetivos estaduais, sobretudo por meio das suas progressões e promoções contidas nos planos de carreira. A pesquisa é de caráter bibliográfico-documental com base nos estudos que se dedicam à análise da carreira docente como José Marcelino Rezende Pinto, Bernardete Angelina Gatti, Dalila Andrade Oliveira, Eloiza Oliveira, Romualdo Portela, entre outros. Conta ainda com o tratamento dos dados pelo método comparativo relativos ao magistério e enfermagem do IBGE/PNAD, INEP, Perfil da Enfermagem no Brasil, APEOESP, SEESP, UNESCO, Portal da Transparência Estadual, legislações estaduais e federais, e as Deliberações e Resoluções da SEE-SP e do CEE. / The developed work aims to understand the appreciation of the teacher in the Brazilian basic educational politics, focusing on the effective teacher hired by the São Paulo State. It starts from the comprehension of the politic of financing the basic education, essentially as regards the accounting funds of FUNDEF and FUNDEB, in the context of the Brazilian Reform in the decade of 1990. Concerning the valorization of the teacher nowadays, comprehending the teacher as one of the main roles in the educational process, who suffers from poor professional preparation, the complexity to efficiently face the students’ characteristics and, above all, suffering from low salaries. This academic work stablishes a comparative analysis between teachers and nurses, all State employees, according to the progression and promotions on their career plans. This bibliographical-documental research is based on the studies devoted to analyze the teacher career, from José Marcelino Rezende Pinto, Bernardete Angelina Gatti, Dalila Andrade Oliveira, Eloiza Oliveira, Romualdo Portela, and others. This work also has the data treatment from the comparative method related to the magisterium and nursing from IBGE/PNAD, INEP, Perfil de Enfermagem no Brasil, APEOESP, SEESP, UNESCO, Portal da Transparência Estadual, state and federal legislations, and the Deliberations and Resolutions from SEE-SP and CEE.

Esta tese situa a temática das significações da percepção na apreciação musical, com base nos referenciais piagetiano e peirciano, nos quais foram privilegiadas noções referentes às manifestações simbólicas na música pelos sujeitos que participam de atividades didáticopedagógicas em cursos realizados em contextos diversos que visam à educação musical. Busca-se investigar como se manifestam nos pronunciamentos verbais dos participantes das sessões de apreciação musical desses cursos as percepções livres, entendidas como o sensível, mais diretamente ligadas a impressões variadas dos sujeitos, e elementos do conhecimento específico da área de música, problematizando, assim, o modo como se processa a aquisição dos conhecimentos musicais e a fruição da música, supondo-se que o conhecimento influencia na qualidade da apreciação de alguma forma, que varia para diferentes sujeitos. A metodologia foi constituída com base nos referenciais indicados; considera-se que as apreciações consistem no uso de signos verbais que retomam signos musicais ouvidos, os quais são signos semiológicos, cuja constituição tem um elemento sensorial e elementos de representação mental, cognitivos, que atendem a um processo progressivo de sistematização, com diferenças entre sujeitos que produzem as suas significações. O repertório de cada sessão de apreciação foi estabelecido seguindo um critério que articulou o conhecimento musical a um senso expressivo. O corpus é formado pelas respostas, produzidas por quarenta e oito sujeitos nos seguintes contextos: Galeria de Arte, cursos de graduação em Pedagogia, Licenciatura em Artes e de Música – Licenciatura e Bacharelados, da Universidade de Passo Fundo. Os depoimentos foram apresentados e classificados de modo a mostrar indicadores de percepções predominantemente sensíveis, expressivas e musicais. Concluiu-se que, no tipo de proposta pedagógica de apreciação musical trabalhada, o sensível ressalta-se sempre acompanhado das outras formas, mas não é óbvio dizer que aqueles dotados de conhecimento musical também apresentam o sensível, o que se atribui ao modo como o curso foi dinamizado, com proposta de livre manifestação, aliando a estesia ao cognitivo. / This thesis places thematic of perception significance in musical appreciation; based on Piaget and Peirce references, from which notions referred to symbolic manifestations in music were privileged, by the ones who attend didactic-pedagogical activities, in courses which aim musical education. It was tried to investigate how free perception, understood as the sensible, more directly linked to varied impressions of the subjects, and, also elements of specific knowledge of the musical field, questioning, therefore, the way musical knowledge and the music FRUIÇÃO process, supposing that the knowledge will influence the quality of appreciation in a certain way that varies from subject to subject, manifest, in verbal pronouncements of the musical appreciation sessions in courses carried out in several contexts. The methodology was constituted based on the indicated reference; it is understood that appreciations consist in the use of verbal signs which retake musical signs heard, which are semiology signs, which constitution has a sensorial element and mental representative elements, cognitive which answer to a progressive process of systematization with differences among subjects who produce their meanings. The repertoire of each appreciation session was established from a criterion that articulated musical knowledge allied to an expressive sense. The corpus is formed by answers, produced by (48) fourthin eight subjects, on the following contexts: Art Gallery, graduation courses in Pedagogy, Arts Licentiate and Music – Licentiate and Bachelor’s Degree, to Passo Fundo University. The statements were presented and classified to show indicators of mainly sensible, expressive and musical perceptions. The conclusion was that, in the kind of pedagogical proposal of musical appreciation developed, the sensible stands out always followed by other forms, but it is not obvious to say that those gifted with musical knowledge also presents the sensible. This was due to the way the course was conducted, with a free manifestation proposal, allying the aesthesia to the cognitive.

No abstract available. / Dissertation (MMus (Performing Art))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Music / unrestricted

A study of selected chance and indeterminate piano pieces was made with a two-fold purpose: (1) to provide an intermediate stage between the composition and performance of the selected works and (2) to illustrate the diverse ways spontaneity may be invoked. The investigation centered on three points: (1) the problems the performer might encounter in examining the pieces, (2) implications of the instructions and (3) possible realizations of the score. While each score examined showed a slightly different approach to chance or indeterminacy, the pieces within the two categories were seen to exhibit common features. Generalizations were made in three broad areas: (1) the instructions in the scores, (2) the notation and (3) possible solutions. The instructions in the indeterminate scores were found to be relatively straightforward; the performer is made aware of his choices or alternatives and manner of performance is discussed. Instructions in chance works are less explicit; the performer is not directed to any one solution. Some explanation of the notation is given and the performer is led to discover how extensive his freedoms are. Indeterminate works on the whole are found to use traditional notation. The notation may be altered in some way, but retains a resemblance to its traditional source. Chance notation is very diverse, but three general categories exist: (1) works using traditional notation, (2) works using traditional and non-traditional (graphic) notation and (3) works using only graphic notation. The possible solutions of indeterminate works are concerned with either the juxtaposition or the metric relationship of material. The degree to which the choices are guided varies in the works discussed. Possible solutions of the chance works involve interpretation of notation and various ideas presented in the instructions. The performer must respond in an individual way, drawing on his own ideas. In general, analyses of the works illustrated some features that might be expected in other chance and indeterminate works. / Arts, Faculty of / Music, School of / Graduate

This study was undertaken to determine whether or not young childrens’ preferences for contemporary art music, through participation in a classroom music program emphasizing creativity, can be altered. The students participating in this experiment were the grade three class at Vancouver College, a private boys school in Vancouver, B.C., where the researcher was employed as music instructor for the 1969-70 school term. A music preference inventory was given to the students prior to initiating the classroom program. The inventory consisted of the following eight selections chosen by the researcher as representative of various twentieth century compositional styles: "Ionisation" - Edgar Varèse; "Akrata" - Iannis Xenakis; "Gesang der Jünglinge" - Karlheinz Stockhausen; "Visage" - Luciano Berio; "Le Marteau sans Maȋtre" - Pierre Boulez; "Piece for Four Pianos" - Morton Feldman; "Five Pieces for Orchestra, Op.16" - Arnold Schoenberg; and, "Cantata No. 1, Op.29" - Anton Webern. Students marked their preference on a graphic rating scale of five divisions. The researcher later superimposed a twelve-point scale over the test-scale, in interpreting the scores. Following this pre-test, the students participated in a twelve-week classroom music program which stressed rhythmic improvisation, composition in twelve-tone technique, percussion pieces, exploration of sound sources, etc. The program was designed by the researcher based on work by Carl Orff, Zoltan Kodaly, R. Murray Schafer, Peter Maxwell Davies, Richard Addison and George Self. At the end of the program the same preference inventory was again administered to the students as a post-test. Final scores were interpreted by means of a two-tail test. Only one selection showed a change in preference (in this case, an increase) at a statistically significant level of five per cent. Stockhausen's "Gesang der Jünglinge" attained a critical ratio of 5.34. Certain limitations were recognized: 1) the small sampling of students (twenty-two); 2) the relatively short duration of the experimental part of the study (twelve weeks), and 3) the lack of any control group. The researcher therefore concluded that, within the severe limitations of this study, his hypothesis was invalid: that participation in a classroom music program stressing creativity will alter a grade three student's preference for contemporary art music. / Arts, Faculty of / Music, School of / Graduate

The thesis deals with analysis of differences in the economy of professional football clubs. The thesis concentrates on czech professional football clubs, marginally on the finest european football leagues. Finally, there are proposed the best techniques and methods in valuating football clubs.

is not available ...