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Étude du devenir du cadmium dans un sédiment de curage fortement contaminé et des mécanismes d’accumulation du cadmium chez Arabidopsis halleri / Study of the fate of cadmium in a heavily contaminated dredged sediment and of the mechanisms of cadmium accumulation in Arabidopsis halleriHuguet, Stéphanie 18 December 2009 (has links)
La maintenance des voies navigables par dragage génère de grands volumes de sédiments, souvent contaminés en métaux. Pour certains d’entre eux, un traitement par phytoextraction pourrait être envisagé. Le premier volet de ce travail vise à étudier le devenir du Cd présent dans un sédiment de curage contaminé par des métaux lors de la culture d’A. halleri, plante hyperaccumulatrice de Zn et Cd. Pour cela, un suivi des teneurs en Cd a été réalisé dans le sédiment, les parties aériennes de la plante et les lixiviats lors de la culture en pot. La présence de plantes diminue la quantité de Cd lixivié, mais ne modifie ni la fraction échangeable ni le pool phytodisponible en Cd. La spéciation a été étudiée par spectroscopie EXAFS et µXANES, la localisation par µXRF et MEB-EDX, et la biodisponibilité par DGT et extraction au Ca(NO3)2. Avant culture, le Cd est présent sous forme d’un sulfure mixte de Zn, Cd et Fe. Après 5 mois de culture, cette espèce est totalement oxydée en présence de plantes et presque totalement dans les pots sans plante. Les espèces de Cd néoformées sont des complexes Cd-acides organiques et du Cd-phosphate. Le second volet de ce travail porte sur les mécanismes d’accumulation du Cd dans les parties aériennes d’A. halleri. Après culture en hydroponie, l’analyse des parties aériennes par autoradiographie en utilisant 109Cd montre que le métal est transféré aussi bien dans les feuilles jeunes que les matures, ces dernières montrant un enrichissement des tissus périphériques. L’analyse des feuilles par spectroscopie EXAFS a montré que le Cd était lié principalement à des ligands organiques de type COOH/OH, et de façon minoritaire à des ligands de type thiols. / The cleaning of waterways by regular dredging generates great volumes of sediments which often contain large amounts of metals. For some of them, a treatment by phytoextraction could be considered. The first part of this work focuses on the fate of Cd present in a metal-polluted dredged sediment during the culture of Arabidopsis halleri, a Zn and Cd hyperaccumulating plant. In this purpose, a five month pot experiment was done. Cd contents in the sediment, in the aerial parts of plant and in the leachates were measured each month in planted and non planted pots. The presence of plants decreases the amount of leached Cd, but does not influence the Cd exchangeable fraction and the Cd phytoavailable pool. Cd speciation in the sediment was studied by EXAFS and µXANES spectroscopy, Cd localization by µXRF and SEM-EDX, and Cd bioavailability by DGT and Ca(NO3)2 extraction. Before culture, Cd is present as mixed Zn, Cd and Fe sulphide of. After 5 months of culture, this species is totally oxidized in presence of plants and almost totally in the control pot without plant. Secondary Cd species include Cd- organic acid complexes and Cd-phosphate. The second part of this work focuses on the mechanisms of Cd accumulation in the aerial parts of A. halleri. After hydroponic culture, the study of the aerial parts by autoradiography using 109Cd showed that Cd was stored both in young and mature leaves, the latter showing a metal enrichment in the peripheral parts. The EXAFS study of the leaves showed that Cd was predominantly bound to COOH/OH–type organic ligands, and to a minor extent to thiol ligands
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Adaptations of Arabidopsis halleri to habitats rich in heavy metals in southern Poland / Adaptation de l'espèce Arabidopsis halleri aux habitats enrichis en métaux lourds du sud de la PologneKostecka, Alicja A. 25 February 2009 (has links)
Cette étude a tenté de fournir une meilleure description et compréhension de l'origine et de l'évolution de la tolérance et de la capacité d'accumulation vis-à-vis du zinc dans les populations de l'espèce pseudométallophyte Arabidopsis halleri. La recherche a été réalisée à partir de 15 populations métallicoles (M) et non-métallicoles (NM) du sud de la Pologne. Les analyses physico-chimiques des sols et des plantes ont été effectuées afin de caractériser les habitats et les comportements des individus. Les analyses génétiques ont visé à décrire la structure génétique des populations d'A. halleri et à reconstruire leur histoire par une analyse phylogéographique. Les tests de tolérance et d'accumulation réalisés en conditions contrôlées sur les mêmes individus ont recherché les relations entre ces deux traits. Nous avons observé une variance des propriétés du sol et du comportement des populations plus forte dans les sites M; les 2 types des sites diffèrent de manière significative pour les concentrations en métaux lourds ainsi que pour d'autres paramètres physico-chimiques. L'analyse de la structuration génétique neutre menée à partir de 10 marqueurs nucléaires microsatellites a révélé un regroupement des populations en fonction de leur origine géographique. En outre, pour la première fois, nous avons montré qu'il existe des populations NM fondées à partir de populations M. L'analyse de la structuration génétique sélectionnée menée en conditions contrôlées montre que les populations NM sont moins tolérantes et accumulent significativement plus de Zn que les populations M. En revanche aucune relation entre ces traits n'a pu être détectée au niveau des individus eux mêmes. / This study attempted to provide a better description and understanding of the origin and the evolution of Zn tolerance and accumulation ability in Arabidopsis halleri populations from southern Poland. The research was carried out on 15 populations from both metalliferous (M) and non-metalliferous (NM) sites. Physic-chemical analyses of field soil and plant samples were performed in order to characterize A. halleri habitats and plants' behavior. Genetic analyses aimed to resolve genetic structure and to reconstruct phylogeography of A. halleri populations from investigated area. Tolerance and accumulation tests in controlled conditions aimed to check if relationships between tolerance and accumulation of heavy metals abilities exist in studied species. Variation of soil properties and population behavior within M sites was higher than within NM and both types of sites differed significantly in terms of heavy metal concentration as well as other physic-chemical parameters. The neutral genetic structure assessed with 10 nuclear microsatellite markers showed that populations were clustered according to their geographic location. Moreover, for the first time it was shown that NM populations might be founded from M populations. The selected genetic structure assessed in controlled conditions showed that NM populations are less tolerant and accumulated Zn to significantly higher concentration as compared to M populations. Nevertheless no relationship between traits was detected at the level of the plant individuals.
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Roles and regulatory mechanisms of proanthocyanidins during the seed germination in arabidopsisJia, Liguo 01 January 2012 (has links)
No description available.
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Mutanten im RES-Oxylipin Signalweg von \(Arabidopsis\) \(thaliana\) / Mutants in RES-Oxylipin Signaling in \(Arabidopsis\) \(thaliana\)Lange, Manuel January 2021 (has links) (PDF)
Reaktive elektrophile Spezies-Oxylipine (RES-Oxylipine) finden sich in Pflanzen- und Tierzellen und zeichnen sich durch eine für sie typische Anordnung von Atomen aus: einer α,β ungesättigten Carbonyl Gruppe. In Pflanzenzellen gehören unter anderem 2-(E)-Hexenal und die Vorstufe der Jasmonsäure 12-Oxophytodiensäure (OPDA) zu den RES-Oxylipinen, in Tierzellen z.B. Prostaglandin A1 (PGA). RES-Oxylipine üben Signalfunktionen aus, wie dies in Pflanzenzellen funktioniert ist jedoch noch nicht bekannt. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist dabei einen möglichen RES-Oxylipin Signalweg aufzuklären und die beteiligten Gene zu identifizieren. Es konnte aber gezeigt werden, dass die Expressionsrate von bestimmten Genen wie z.B. GST6 durch RES-Oxylipine spezifisch induziert wird. Zur Untersuchung des RES-Oxylipin Signalweges wurde der GST6 Promotor vor das Luciferase-Gen fusioniert, um so ein RES-Oxylipin spezifisches Reportersystem zu erhalten. Die Ethylmethansulfonat mutagenisierten Linien wurden auf geänderte Luciferase-Aktivität hin untersucht. Dabei wurden drei Mutanten isoliert, die in dieser Arbeit näher untersucht wurden. Eine zeigte basal erhöhte Luciferase-Aktivität (constitutive overexpresser 3 = coe3) und die anderen beiden erniedrigte Luciferase-Aktivität nach PGA Gabe (non responsive 1 und 2 = nr1 und nr2). In dieser Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Phänotypen in allen 3 Mutanten rezessiv vererbt werden und die Mutanten nicht zueinander allel sind. Zudem war die veränderte Luciferase-Aktivität nicht durch geänderte Phytohormonspiegel oder durch Mutationen im GST6 Promotor erklärbar. Auf die Gabe von RES, wie Benzylisothiocyanat oder Sulforaphan, sowie auf endogene RES-Oxylipine, wie OPDA und Hexenal, reagierten die Mutanten auf ähnliche Weise, wie nach PGA Gabe. Weiterführende Untersuchungen zeigten, dass sich die drei Mutanten stark voneinander unterschieden. Das Transkriptom kontrollbehandelter coe3 Pflanzen unterschied sich stark von dem der GST6::LUC Pflanzen. Die Mutante war trockenstressresistenter zudem war sie sensibler gegenüber NaCl, was jedoch nicht von einer veränderten Reaktion auf Abscisinsäure herrührte. Des Weiteren war der Chlorophyllabbau bei dunkel inkubierten Blättern geringer. Bei der Lokalisierung der Mutation, die noch nicht abgeschlossen ist, konnten Chromosom 2 und 5 als die wahrscheinlichsten Kandidaten ermittelt werden. Weitere Analysen sind nötig um den Bereich weiter eingrenzen zu können. Die Mutante nr1, die sich durch verminderte Reaktion auf RES-Oxylipine auszeichnete, zeigte einen kleineren Wuchs und ein deutlich verzögertes Blühen. Außerdem wies die Mutante erhöhte Argininspiegel in ihren Blättern auf. Das Transkriptom unterschied sich sowohl bei kontrollbehandelten, als auch bei PGA behandelten nr1 Pflanzen massiv von denen der gleichbehandelten Kontrollen. Auch die nr1 schien trockenstressresistenter zu sein, sie war im Gegensatz zur coe3 aber robuster gegenüber höheren Konzentrationen an NaCl. Mit Hilfe eines „Next Generation Genome-Mappings“ war es möglich die Mutation am Ende von Chromosom 3 zu lokalisieren und auf fünf mögliche Gene einzugrenzen. Weitere Untersuchungen müssen nun klären, welches dieser Gene ursächlich für den Phänotyp der geänderten Luciferase-Aktivität ist. Die zweite Mutante mit einer reduzierten Reaktion auf RES-Oxylipine war die nr2. Überraschender Weise unterschied sich das Transkriptom kontrollbehandelter nr2 Pflanzen deutlich stärker von dem der gleichbehandelten GST6::LUC Pflanzen, als das nach PGA Gabe der Fall war. Sie reagierte nur mit sehr schwacher Luciferase-Aktivität auf Verwundung und war zudem deutlich sensibler gegenüber Trockenheit. Für eine zukünftige Lokalisation der ursächlichen Mutation wurden entsprechende Kreuzungen durchgeführt aus deren Samen jederzeit mit einer Selektionierung begonnen werden kann. Mit dieser Arbeit konnte ein erster großer Schritt in Richtung Identifikation der, für die geänderte Luciferase-Aktivität, verantwortlichen Mutation gemacht werden, sowie erste Reaktionen der Mutanten auf abiotische Stressfaktoren untersucht werden. Somit ist man der Entdeckung von Signaltransduktionsfaktoren, die RES-Oxylipinabhängig reguliert werden, einen wichtigen Schritt näher gekommen. / Reactive electrophilic species oxylipins (RES-oxylipins) can be found in plant and animal cells and contain an α,β unsaturated carbonyl group. In plant cells 2-(E)-hexenal and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), the precursor of jasmonic acid, belong to the RES-oxylipins, in animal cells prostaglandin A1 (PGA). RES-oxylipins play an important role in signal transduction but it is still unknown how this functions in plant cells. In previous publications, it could be shown, that RES-oxylipins induce the expression of certain genes like GST6 specifically. To further investigate the possibility of a RES-oxylipin pathway the GST6 promotor was fused to the luciferase gene to get a RES-oxylipin sensitive reporter system. The ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenized lines were screened for altered luciferase activity under basal conditions and after treatment with PGA. Three lines were selected for further investigation: one with a constitutive higher luciferase activity (constitutive overexpresser 3 = coe3) and two with a reduced luciferase activity after PGA treatment (non responsive 1 and 2 = nr1 and nr2). In this thesis, it could be shown, that the mutation, which is responsible for the altered luciferase activity, is recessive and not allelic to each other. Furthermore, neither altered phytohormone levels nor mutations in the GST6 promotor are responsible for the changes in the luciferase activity. The response of these mutants to RES, like benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) or sulforaphane, or endogenous RES-oxylipins, like OPDA or hexenal, is comparable to the response to PGA treatment. Further investigations show huge differences between the mutants. Control treated coe3 plants had very different transcriptomes compared to the control line. The coe3 mutant was more resistant to drought stress but more susceptible to salt compared to the control. This was not due to a changed response to abscisic acid (ABA). Another observed phenotype was the reduced chlorophyll depletion in dark incubated leaves. The localization of the mutation could not be completed within this thesis but chromosome 2 and 5 could be identified as most likely positions. Further investigations on this topic are needed to complete the localization. The nr1 mutant showed a reduced growth and delayed flowering phenotype and higher arginine levels could be detected in the leaves. The transcriptome exhibited huge differences after both control treatment and PGA treatment compared to the GST6::LUC. In drought experiments, the nr1 was also more resistant but, compared to the coe3, also more robust against higher salt concentrations. By next generation genome mapping it was possible to locate the mutation, which was responsible for the changes in luciferase activity after PGA treatment, at the end of chromosome 3. So there are five genes left who might be responsible for the observed phenotypes. Further investigations have to show which one is the one causing the phenotype. The nr2, as the third mutant investigated in this thesis showed highest differences to the GST6::LUC line after control treatment. It only had weak luciferase activity after wounding and was more susceptible to drought then the control. For further mapping experiments of the mutation in the nr2 mutant, F2 lines were generated. These are now ready to use to set up a mapping population. With this thesis it was possible to provide a milestone in identification of the mutations responsible for the changes in luciferase activity and in investigation of different abiotic stress responses. Now we are one step closer to discover signal transduction factors which are regulated by RES-oxylipins.
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The Arabidopsis thaliana Cyclic-Nucleotide-Dependent Response – a Quantitative Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic AnalysisAlqurashi, May M. 11 1900 (has links)
Protein phosphorylation governs many regulatory pathways and an increasing number of kinases, proteins that transfer phosphate groups, are in turn activated by cyclic nucleotides. One of the cyclic nucleotides, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), has been shown to be a second messenger in abiotic and biotic stress responses. However, little is known about the precise role of cAMP in plants and in the down-stream activation of kinases, and hence cAMP-dependent phosphorylation. To increase our understanding of the role of cAMP, proteomic and phosphoproteomic profiles of Arabidopsis thaliana suspension culture cells were analyzed before and after treatment of cells with two different concentrations of 8-Bromo-cAMP (1 µM and 100 nM) and over a time-course of one hour. A comparative quantitative analysis was undertaken using two- dimensional gel electrophoresis and the Delta 2D software (DECODON) followed by protein spot identification by tandem mass spectrometry combined with Mascot and Scaffold. Differentially expressed proteins and regulated phosphoproteins were categorized according to their biological function using bioinformatics tools. The results revealed that the treatment with 1 µM and 100 nM 8-Bromo-cAMP was sufficient to induce specific concentration- and time-dependent changes at the proteome and phosphoproteome levels. In particular, different phosphorylation patterns were observed overtime preferentially affecting proteins in a number of functional categories, notably phosphatases, proteins that remove phosphate groups. This suggests that cAMP both transiently activates and deactivates proteins through specific phosphorylation events and provides new insight into biological mechanisms and functions at the systems level.
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The Analysis of the Expression and Phenotype of the at3g02400 Gene in Arabidopsis ThalianaGray, Will 11 August 2012 (has links)
The involvement of several genes in DNA repair in animals and bacteria, and the induced expression of At3G02400 by Mitomycin C, suggest that this gene is involved in DNA repair in plants. I have tested this hypothesis by studying the regulation of its expression and identifying the function of this gene. To study the expression of this gene, I used a reporter line and bio-computing tools. To identify the function of the gene, I have isolated two T-DNA mutants and screened Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes (TILLING) mutants. T-DNA mutagenesis is the process of inserting transfer DNA into the genome, which disrupts the genetic expression. My study showed that Camptothecin, Bleomycin, and Mitomycin C induced the expression of At3G02400. In addition to this, the promoter truncation studies identified a 50 bp region just upstream of the start codon of At3G02400 that maybe required for the induction of expression.
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THE ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ARABIDOPSIS AtSMC1 AND AtSMC3Lam, Wing See 11 August 2004 (has links)
No description available.
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The molecular battle between virulence weapons of Pseudomonas syringae and integrated defense responses of Arabidopsis thalianaKim, Min Gab 13 September 2006 (has links)
No description available.
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Isozyme variations in Arabidopsis thaliana /Song, Chung Min January 1974 (has links)
No description available.
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Genetic analysis of photosynthetic efficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) /Sharma, Rajendra K. January 1976 (has links)
No description available.
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