In this essay I look at the significance of Inigo Jones's annotated copy of Andrea Palladio's I quattro libri dell'architettura in a time of momentous change in the habits of readers and writers, printers and publishers, architects and kings. Jones lived in Stuart England, a hinge period swinging between print culture and manuscript culture, science (mechanical philosophy) and magic (Neoplatonism, hermeticism, alchemy), humoural physiology and modern medicine. I examine his book as part of a change of social setting, looking outward from his study of Palladian architectural theory to developments in publishing and authorship, perspective and theatre design, graphic representation and anatomy, medicine and the history of the human body.

The richness of southeastern Pennsylvania Mennonite history and architecture is still evident in this survey of twenty-two nineteenth century Mennonite meetinghouses. This study was undertaken since no collection of these historic meetinghouses in this part of the United States has so far been documented via a field survey. Through researching the beginnings of Mennonites and their meetinghouses in Europe the thesis examines European Mennonite worship spaces and factors that influenced the design and layout of meetinghouses in the United States. The theology of Mennonites themselves was one of those factors in how their meetinghouses were built and later evolved architecturally. The majority of meetinghouses are being preserved in one way or another, with varying degrees of respect for their historical integrity. This survey seeks to create an awareness of the historical significance of these meetinghouses for Pennsylvania Mennonite and regional history. Some recommendations are given for further study and/or documentation needed for the preservation of these structures. / Mennonite beginnings : a historical synopsis -- Mennonite worship spaces in Europe -- Mennonite migration to southeastern Pennsylvania -- Mennonite meetinghouse architecture in the Franconia area -- Field survey -- Field survey observations and recommendations. / Department of Architecture

The purpose of this study was to explore the societal and technological influences on the modernization and design of the kitchen space between the years of 1890 and 1940. The development of the kitchen space is an important reflection of the conditions in which women worked and of women's role in the family. Examining the physical transformation of the kitchen space is the principal foundation on which to build a fundamental understanding of women's changing role in the home. The influences of advancing technology in home appliances and the advice of Home Economists were examined and weighed against each other as to their impact on the kitchen space. Transformation of the kitchen space began with the organization of tasks into work centers by Home Economists. Equipment and appliances were grouped together according to the task, such as cooking. Organization of work in the kitchen resulted in three distinct work areas centered around the sink, stove, and refrigerator. These principles of work organization were established by the end of the 1930's. It is at this time that advancements in appliance technology truly began to impact on the kitchen space. Affordability and acceptance of electricity as a "fuel" for kitchen appliances in the 1930's made electric stoves and refrigerators more appealing to the average household. Electric and gas appliances used "cooler" fuels which emitted less heat on the exterior. This property allowed these appliances to be built into cabinetry without danger of fire, a principle that had prevented the extensive use of built-in cabinetry prior to the 1930's. / Department of Architecture

The major purposes of this study were: (1) to outline the predominant Greek and Roman architectural examples most often imitated by subsequent architects and builders, (2) to compare five Indiana Greek Revival examples of the mid-nineteenth century with the works of Benjamin Latrobe, Robert Mills, and William Strickland, and (3) to examine the lifestyles of three Hoosier men who were involved in creating and promoting the Greek Revival style in Indiana.After an introduction, Chapter II presented a brief history of the foundations of Greek and Roman architecture with a pictorial account of the major ancient structures frequently copied by New World architect-builders. Chapter III examined the three Eastern architects and their public and private buildings in picture form. Chapter IV compared the Hoosier vernacular with the three Eastern architects. Among the factors considered were the simplicity and complexity of design, similarities and dissimilarities in building materials, and technical skill of the architect-builder. Chapter V investigated the political and financial career of Michael G. Bright who worked in a Greek Revival law office in Madison, Indiana. Chapter VI focused upon Charles L. Shrewsbury, a Hoosier entrepeneur who built an elaborate Greek Revival home in Madison. Dr. Jefferson Helm, Sr., of Rushville, Indiana was the subject of Chapter VII. The final chapter was a summary of the study and a statement of several conclusions which emerged from the research.The Hoosier Greek Revival style was simple in format. Hoosier architect-builders applied the skills of their Eastern counterparts as much as possible within the framework of their technical expertise and availability of building materials. The five sites also displayed a sense of practicality on the frontier. All five structures represent a modification of the ancient models.The three men in the study came to Indiana at a time when it was beginning to flourish and all three rose to prosperity in a few years. A Greek Revival structure was a conspicuous way to declare to their constituents that they were among the elite on the frontier. At the same time they also endorsed the democratic, educational, and societal ideals which the nation's leaders wished to promote. Indiana's nineteenth-century architecture presented a microcosm of the new nation wishing to promote a new architectural style reminiscent of the ancient world.

After a brief survey of the changing definitions of Aquitanica I itself, the conceptual evolution of the 'villa' will be examined; and since a reliance upon toponymy to locate late Roman and early Merovingian estates is central to the debate surrounding their nature and composition, a detailed analysis of its limitations will follow. In the process, several common generalisations about this period will be tested for eastern Aquitaine: the extent of depopulation, land abandonment, Germanic settlements, and the change from a pattern of dispersed to nucleated settlements, from Roman farmsteads to mediaeval agricultural villages, Finally, a brief summary of the 'archaeology' of the late Roman villa in eastern Aquitaine will be compared with that of its Merovingian counterpart; and the overwhelming conclusion reached, that the problem Is due to past shortcomings in archaeological retrieval rather than the transformation of the villa into village, which is probably a late rather than early Merovingian process, and which certainly cannot be demonstrated for late Roman central Gaul.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Department of Art History, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 239-266).

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1988. / Includes bibliographical references. / If one were to seek a unifying factor in this relatively short period of a modern Chinese tradition, it might be surprising to find that amidst the jolts of passing out of a feudal era into the twentieth century, the ancient principles of yin and yang still provide the jagged thread with which to attach the modern Chinese culture to the ancient one. This integration of opposing forces causes the pendulum to swing in any cross section of both material and nonmaterial form. Although this idiosyncratic leitmotiv is often to be found locked in a state of contradiction (the antithesis), the principles nevertheless provide a flexible structure and the leeway for change; as Chinese history has proven that rigidity most often results in decline and defeat. Moreover, it has provided a base for the growth of knowledge, readily adapting to the Marxist and Maoist methodology of dialectical materialism in this modern era. / by Karen K. Marcus. / M.S.

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In 1897 John Sibbald, Commissioner in Lunacy for Scotland, stated that ‘the construction of an asylum is a more interesting subject of study for the general reader than might be supposed.’ This thesis traces the development of the public asylum in Scotland from 1781 to 1930. By placing the institution in its wider social context it provides more than a historical account, exploring how the buildings functioned as well as giving an architectural analysis based on date, plan and style. Here the architecture represents more, and provides a physical expression of successive stages of public philanthropy and legislative changes during what was arguably one of the most rapidly evolving stages of history. At a time when few medical treatments were available, public asylum buildings created truly therapeutic environments, which allowed the mentally ill to live in relative peace and security. The thesis explores how public asylums in Scotland introduced the segregation or ‘classification’ of patients into separate needs-based groups under a system known as Moral Treatment. It focuses particularly on the evolving plan forms of these institutions from the earliest radial, prison-like structures to their development into self-sustaining village-style colonies and shows how the plan reflects new attitudes to treatment. While many have disappeared, the surviving Victorian and Edwardian mega-structures lie as haunting reminders of a largely forgotten era in Scottish psychiatry. Only a few of the original buildings are still in use today as specialist units, out-patient centres, and administrative offices for Scotland’s Health Boards. Others have been redeveloped as universities or luxury housing schemes, making use of the good-quality buildings and landscaping. Whatever their current use, public asylums stand today as an outward sign of the awakening of the Scottish people to the plight of the mentally ill in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

Lau, Leung Kwok Prudence. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves ). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts also in Chinese.