Thesis. 1976. M.Arch.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Rotch. / Includes bibliographical references. / by Kevin Cavanaugh. / M.Arch.

The research presented in this thesis is intended to reveal the layers of social and cultural meaning invested in a building conventionally regarded as a work of abstract aesthetic modernism, and one which has been evaluated, within the framework of a national heritage preservation policy, as an architectural landmark of the post-war era of urban reconstruction. By combining the research methods of architectural history (archival) and of anthropology (ethnographic) I have located and interpreted the architecture of the Brunswick within a larger social story that demonstrates how the lived experience of a particular environment exists in parallel with the more objective official discourse that invests a work of architecture or art with cultural significance. The thesis traces the architectural inception and complex evolution of the building, its critical reception, and the proposals for redevelopment that culminated in a major refurbishment and transformation of the shopping precinct in 2006. It goes on to present an ethnographic account of the Brunswick as a social, as much as an architectural space, and an anthropological interpretation of the relationship between identity and place in terms of the specific qualities of the built environment. It shows that the material environment becomes real and vivid to people as an embodiment of the social dimensions of their lives, and that the boundaries between ‘inside’ and ‘outside’ – the private space of the home, and the layered sequence of public spaces extending through the building to the city beyond - are not objectively fixed, but subjectively perceived and negotiated in different ways. Although the Brunswick exerts considerable power as a unique architectural image, its boundaries do not define an integrated social space, nor a unified experience of the place as a living environment. Nevertheless, repeated interaction and sensory experience make it a tangible architectural framework for everyday and domestic life which evidently shapes the view from the inside looking out. The research aims to make a significant contribution to knowledge at a meeting-point between anthropology and architecture, which might help to inform future understanding of the interaction between people and the built habitat in modern urban societies.

Between 1913 and 1926, the aged British commercial institution, the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC), built four monumental department stores across Western Canada in Calgary, Vancouver, Victoria, and Winnipeg. In this thesis extensive archival research on the buildings and the HBC's architectural policies is analyzed within the contexts of Canadian social history, and of Company business history. The HBC was making new advances into the department store field, and the stores were clad in a standardized style intended to create a particular image of the Company in contrast to its competitors. Popular in Britain at the time, this Edwardian Classicism emphasized the HBC's history as the official representative of the British Empire across the hinterlands, a history largely defunct by the turn of the century. The opulent style also helped to establish the stores as key cultural institutions and as palaces of consumption. After World War One the HBC also began to stress its specific historical role in the Canadian fur trade and the settlemehtof the nation, through the use of various other architectural features such as the display windows, art galleries and museums set up inside the new stores, and by the historical sites of Company buildings. The competition between historical themes -British Imperial and Canadian frontierist- evidenced in the HBC department stores were tied to social factors. Demographic changes and nationalist sentiment after WWI forced the HBC to recognize Canada's particular pluralist society, and to mediate its image as a purely British organization. Many staff members and customers had no ties to the Company or the Empire, so the HBC invented a tradition that the public could relate to and participate in. The codification of a representational strategy was complicated by the differing agendas of the Company's London Board and its Canadian management. The study of architectural issues such as urban context, style, and building use establishes how the modern HBC employed history through modes of representation in the built environment, to justify its claims to the loyalty of a diverse population of workers and customers.

Terraces have been a common design element in Mid-Atlantic formal landscapes during the eighteenth century. Their roots in recorded Western history can be traced back to the Roman Empire and the Italian Renaissance. Because of the scattered research and a lack of a systematic approach to the study of historic landscapes, terraces have been an overlooked design feature. This thesis serves to synthesize research into a terrace typology that can be used to systematically document a terrace site, determine its significance, choose a preservation strategy, and interpret the landscape. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed terrace typology and its components. this project studied the Virginia plantation Menokin and its terraced landscape. The terrace typology is one possible tool to be employed as a first step in the examination of systematic approaches to the study of historic landscapes that can contribute to the development of the profession and expand the knowledge of the cultural environment. / Department of Landscape Architecture

Orientador: Iara Lis Franco Schiavinatto / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T12:40:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Costa_EduardoAugusto_M.pdf: 255153256 bytes, checksum: c5af1d619bf48e0c551d5bb9d02b6d1f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Esta dissertação de mestrado trata da compreensão de uma das mais importantes obras publicadas quanto a uma arquitetura moderna brasileira. Publicação realizada pelo MoMA/NY, em 1943, intitulada Brazil Builds e que, ainda, instaura uma matriz historiográfica para a arquitetura brasileira, vinculando a arquitetura tradicional com as realizações dos arquitetos modernos. Trata-se do dimensionamento da cultura nacional, na primeira metade do século XX, especificamente em relação à política cultural levada a cabo pelo ministro Gustavo Capanema, durante a República Nova e sua decorrência no campo da arquitetura. Finalmente, discute-se a construção de uma cultura visual da arquitetura a partir da uma série de documentos visuais realizados por diversos fotógrafos, dentre os quais se destaca G. E. Kidder Smith. Cultura visual que se pretendia como ordem da cultura nacional, neste caso, ordem de uma cultura arquitetônica moderna brasileira / Abstract: This Master's dissertation aims to understand one of the most important works published about a Brazilian modern architecture. Publication accomplished by the MoMA/NY, in 1943, entitled Brazil Builds it was responsible for the foundation of a historiographic matrix for the Brazilian architecture, vinculating the traditional architecture with the modern architects. It is also about the dimensioning of the national culture in the first half of the 20th century, specifically related to the national cultural politics taken by the minister Gustavo Capanema, during the New Republic and its influence to the architecture. Finally, it talks about the construction of a visual culture to the architecture by a series of visual documents done by photographers, amongst who G. E. Kidder Smith stands out. Visual culture that was intended as an order of the national culture, in this case, order of a Brazilian modern architectural culture / Mestrado / Politica, Memoria e Cidade / Mestre em História

Between 1913 and 1926, the aged British commercial institution, the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC), built four monumental department stores across Western Canada in Calgary, Vancouver, Victoria, and Winnipeg. In this thesis extensive archival research on the buildings and the HBC's architectural policies is analyzed within the contexts of Canadian social history, and of Company business history. The HBC was making new advances into the department store field, and the stores were clad in a standardized style intended to create a particular image of the Company in contrast to its competitors. Popular in Britain at the time, this Edwardian Classicism emphasized the HBC's history as the official representative of the British Empire across the hinterlands, a history largely defunct by the turn of the century. The opulent style also helped to establish the stores as key cultural institutions and as palaces of consumption. After World War One the HBC also began to stress its specific historical role in the Canadian fur trade and the settlemehtof the nation, through the use of various other architectural features such as the display windows, art galleries and museums set up inside the new stores, and by the historical sites of Company buildings. The competition between historical themes -British Imperial and Canadian frontierist- evidenced in the HBC department stores were tied to social factors. Demographic changes and nationalist sentiment after WWI forced the HBC to recognize Canada's particular pluralist society, and to mediate its image as a purely British organization. Many staff members and customers had no ties to the Company or the Empire, so the HBC invented a tradition that the public could relate to and participate in. The codification of a representational strategy was complicated by the differing agendas of the Company's London Board and its Canadian management. The study of architectural issues such as urban context, style, and building use establishes how the modern HBC employed history through modes of representation in the built environment, to justify its claims to the loyalty of a diverse population of workers and customers. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Architecture and Landscape Architecture (SALA), School of / Graduate

Mei Qing. / "September 23, 2003." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 193-211). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

The intention of this thesis is to examine the possibility of seeing mythology and ritual as sources for understanding spiritual, symbolic and spatial structures in architecture. Mythology and ritual are used as sources of creativity for examining a culture's architecture and as a way to understand the creative and cultural processes informing an architectural record. Central Great Zimbabwe is used as a case study for examining this. Karanga ethnography has not previously been considered as a source for interpreting Great Zimbabwe. However, historical evidence documented in this thesis shows that the Karanga were the creators and occupiers of Great Zimbabwe. The study pursues the need expressed by P. 1. Sinclair to consider the mythology of the region as an informative tool to understanding the symbolic values inherent in the landscape of settlement dynamics and symbolic structures; ...one might expect such aspects of material culture as architectural style and settlement layout, organisation and decorative motifs as well as a choice of subsistence needs to be strongly influenced larger scale expressions ofsymbolic values... exist in the expressions of kingship and power Further illustrations might include the associations of the granite mountains found throughout the plateau margins with the widespread distributions ofstone buildings. The mythology of the region has been little considered from this point ofview (Sinclair, P. 1987: 159). The study sets out to test Sinclair's observation by examining whether the Karanga symbolic values sourced from the mythology and ritual practices of the region may be reflected in the settlement dynamics and spatio-symbolic expression of Central Great Zimbabwe. Parts of the study examine Thomas Huffman's fieldwork, documentation and methodology. As the most prolific documenter on Great Zimbabwe, with the most recent interpretations, Huffman's findings are rec.orded and discussed in detail and his hypothesis for domba (initiation centre) function for the Great Enclosure is tested against the information evident in Karanga mythology and ritual. Since his hypothesis is widely criticised by his colleagues, this criticism is also included in this study as an informative tool to contextualise this field of research and outline the current ethno-archaeologica1 debate concerning the function of the Great Enclosure. This dissertation takes a different approach to that of Huffman and therefore the outcome of this study deviates from that of Huffman's. lIDs study adopts a synchronic approach to history while HufIman's methodology is a structuralist one and takes a more diachronic approach. Since both approaches are necessary in this field of study, the synchronic approach here is seen as a way of contributing new information and interpretation to the field. The intention of the thesis is not to suggest an 'answer' to the 'mystery' of Great Zimbabwe, but to offer possibilities and to recognise that this is merely one approach in a very complex, interactive and dynamic research field. In any qualitative study area, research should lead to still further research and should not be considered to be leading to the 'answer' to a 'problem'. Therefore, this study explores a wide range of disciplines such as sociology, anthropology, psychology, philosophy, religion, history and archaeology in order to broaden and deepen the study. Architecture is neither a science nor an art but sits comfortably between the two domains. It is therefore an interactive discipline and is marked by a divergent flow of creativity. Rather than taking a convergent approach, which is marked by a structuralist need to solve problems, this study approaches research in a divergent way, where the grappling with the 'problem' itself is seen as a process leading to discovery and possibility rather than to an 'answer'. The study therefore does not examine Karanga mythology as a way to answer the 'mystery' of the stone ruins, nor to provide proof or evidence for an archaeological hypothesis. It is rather a study towards examining ways in which mythology and ritual can be used to broaden and deepen an understanding of symbolism and meaning in architecture. A method of inquiry which validates the diversity of views and documentation in this field of study is validated by this dissertation and is seen as a valuable way of approaching the history of architecture in Southern Africa at this particular time, where African society is itself undergoing transformation as it reinterprets its past in a 'de-eolonised' African context. For that reason, interpreting Great Zimbabwe based on local ethnography is seen as a valuable way offurther validating African creativity and local origin. We can no longer afford to view history one-dimensionally. We need to learn to accept different grounds and more than one belief system. Examining Karanga mythology and ritual is considered in this study as a new way of seeing and interpreting historical artifact in order to expose the creative domain of discovery. This approach is relevant to the paradigmatic shifts being made in Southern Africa and globally, where society is discovering new ways of seeing itself and concentrating more on its processes than on its products. Society is becoming more tolerant of other perspectives and we need to consider how we can learn more about our society both past and present within the context of so many changing paradigms. The results of the proposed investigations for this study as outlined above are documented summatively in Part 5, Chapter 9 and generally in the Conclusion at the end of the study. / Thesis (M.Arch.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2000.

Orientador: Leandro da Silva Medrano / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T21:05:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Castellano_AntonioLuisTebaldi_M.pdf: 32109290 bytes, checksum: dec393878e175c4b137f49dae9950ed3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Este trabalho pretende contribuir à historiografia da Arquitetura Moderna Brasileira, especificamente da Arquitetura Paulista. Para tanto, trata de identificar, reconhecer e analisar a produção arquitetônica de Antonio da Costa Santos, que viveu em Campinas de 1952 a 2001. Disserta sobre sua formação e reconhece as referências conceituais e projetuais que absorveu na FAU-USP da primeira metade da década de 70, período em que cursou a faculdade e que aprofundou nas duas décadas seguintes, nos seus estudos de Pós-Graduação. Examina em que bases se deu sua postura profissional e qual sua contribuição à profissão de arquiteto, no processo de constituição de uma cultura arquitetônica no Brasil. Tem a responsabilidade do pioneirismo, já que é a primeira vez que sua obra é analisada num enfoque científico, e também o desafio de inserir a contribuição de mais um arquiteto campineiro no quadro maior da historiografia da arquitetura em São Paulo. Optou-se por uma abordagem de análise essencialmente arquitetônica, ou seja, que busca apontar seu significado a partir da observação das obras, embora também tenham sido buscadas outras fontes de apoio como projetos, croquis, anotações em desenhos, agendas pessoais do arquiteto e depoimentos de pessoas próximas. Este trabalho, de cunho histórico-documental, desenvolve-se por meio de estudos de caso, mais especificamente de quatro obras, selecionadas por representatividade de enfoque, dentre o conjunto da obra do arquiteto. Como resultado emerge uma arquitetura de qualidade e rica em significados e, também, uma metodologia de projeto singular, na qual os fundamentos teórico-conceituais, técnicos e procedimentos de trabalho são o reflexo das influências que recebeu e traduzem sua postura diante da profissão. Toninho, como era conhecido, estreitou como poucos os vínculos entre arquitetura e compromisso social, marca maior do arquiteto, que tornou-se vice-prefeito, em 1989 e prefeito, em 2001, de uma das maiores cidades do estado de São Paulo - Campinas. / Abstract: The aim of this work is to contribute to Brazilian Modern Architecture historiography, and more specifically the "Paulista Architecture", as it is known. To reach this objective, the research identifies and analyses the production of the brazilian architect Antonio da Costa Santos, who was better known simply as "Toninho" and lived in São Paulo state from 1952 to 2001.This dissertation focus on his education and recognizes conceptual and design references he got during his undergraduate program at FAU-USP (School of Architecture and Urbanism at the University of São Paulo) in the early seventies, and went deep into them, during the next two decades, in his graduate studies. It examines the basis in which his professional posture occurred and the contribution his work brought to architecture as a profession, in the process of constituting an architectural culture in Brazil. This work carries the responsibility of being pioneer, considering that this is the first time that the architectural work of Toninho is analysed in a scientific approach. It has also the intention of inserting the contribution of one more architect from Campinas city, in the scenary of São Paulo architectural historiography. It was taken an analytical approach which was essencially architectonical. The meaning of his work was searched, in this research, starting from the observation of his constructed works. Also, other important sources of information were taken as basis of investigation: design projects, sketches, notes made in his drawings, personal diaries, interviews and statement from people who had straight contact with him. This research, which has a historic-documental hallmark, is developed through the analysis of four cases studies. Each case study was carefully selected, among the body of the work of the architect, based on its representativeness. As a result, a high quality architecture emerges, very rich in meanings. Other than that, it also emerges a singular design methodology, where the theoretical foundation and the work procedures clearly reflects the influences he got from his masters. Tha body of his work demonstrates his posture towards the profession he chose. Antonio da Costa Santos tighted straight links between the discipline of architecture and social compromisse. It can be said that this is the major legacy that the architect left to history. This focus on social compromisse lead him to politics. He became vice-mayor in 1989 and mayor in 2001 of Campinas, one of the major cities in São Paulo state. / Mestrado / Arquitetura e Construção / Mestre em Arquitetura e Urbanismo

The origins of heritage conservation in Czech lands are usually dated back to the year 1850 when the Central Commission for Research and Conservation of Architectural Heritage (Central-Commission für Erforschung und Erhaltung der Baudenkmalen) was founded in Vienna. In the years 1854-1855, fourteen conservators were assigned to the Bohemian area whose job was to search for and describe heritage sites and they also were to initiate their repairs. One of those fourteen conservators was one - still rather unbeknown - František X. Josef Beneš (1816-1888), conservator of Čáslav county, with whose life and work this paper is concerned. He was born into a family of an establishment bureaucrat Josef Alois Beneš in Český Dub, however, soon the family moved to Osek u Rokycan. Having graduated from grammar-school he continued studying at Prague Polytechnic school where he focused on chemistry and sugar industry. He started as a sugar industry adjunct in Dobrovice and later he was moved to Suchdol u Kutné Hory to act as a manager of a local sugar factory. Having helped František Alexander Heber with his work Böhmens Burgen, Vesten und Bergschlösser to whom he gave valuable data about many a building in Kutná Hora area, Beneš himself began to be interested in conservation. In the 1840'swe can already find Beneš...