Transferring organic photovoltaics (OPV) from the laboratory into economically feasible products, requires the fabrication of modules, a series of connected single cells. During this transition, there is typically a drastic decrease in power conversion efficiency (PCE). This thesis reports on the design, fabrication, and characterization of state-of-the-art, high-performance organic photovoltaic modules with a novel geometry that composed of unit cells with alternating electrical polarities. Such configuration is realized by exclusive patterning of the interlayers and electrodes and avoids patterning of the photoactive layer. With this novel architecture, area losses of photovoltaic module can be significantly reduced compared with the conventional configurations. The processing of this new solar cell module is also compatible with large area processing techniques such as slot-die coating. This thesis reports on 4-cell and 8-cell modules, wherein the measured fill-factors (FF) and PCE of the constituent sub-cells and of the modules are almost identical. The 4-cell module, with a total area of 0.8 cm2, exhibits an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 3.15 V, a short circuit-current density (JSC) of 2.3 mA/cm2 and a FF of 0.69, yielding a PCE of 5.01%. The 8-cell module, with a total area of 1.6 cm2, exhibits a VOC of 6.39 V, a JSC of 1.2 mA/cm2 and a FF of 0.63, yielding a PCE of 5.06%. Similar PCE values between 4-cell and 8-cell module is a demonstration of scalability of this novel geometry without compromising the efficiency.

Orientador: Cecílio Filho Arthur Bernardes / Resumo: O sistema de consorciação é uma tecnologia muito utilizada na produção de hortaliças, e que influencia profundamente a produtividade das culturas, além de gerar inúmeras vantagens fitotécnicas quando manejado adequadamente; tornando-se necessários maiores estudos sobre época de estabelecimento dos consórcios, uma vez que esta afeta o período de convivência entre as espécies com reflexo nas produtividades. O objetivo foi avaliar e quantificar, por meio de índices agronômicos e ecológicos, a interação entre couve e almeirão em cultivos consorciados, distintos quanto à época de transplante do almeirão em relação à couve. Foi realizado um experimento em campo, em Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil, no período de maio a novembro de 2018. O delineamento utilizado foi de blocos casualizados, com 9 tratamentos, em esquema fatorial 2 x 4 + 1, com quatro repetições. Os fatores avaliados foram sistema de cultivo (consórcio e monocultura) e épocas de transplante do almeirão (0, 14, 28 e 42 dias após o transplante (DAT) em relação à couve, e a monocultura da couve. A produtividade da couve ‘HS-20’ em consórcio com almeirão ‘Folha Larga’ aumentou com o atraso de transplante do almeirão. A produtividade total e por colheita do almeirão não foi influenciada pela época de transplante. Consórcio de couve e almeirão proporciona maior eficiência no uso da área que suas monoculturas, e atingiu o valor máximo quanto o transplante ocorreu aos 42 dias após o transplante da couve. Os índices ecológicos atestam ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The intercropping system is a technology very used in the production of vegetable, which deeply influences crop productivity, besides generating numerous phytotechnical advantages when properly managed; further studies of the intercropping establishment times are needs, since it affects the coexistence period among the species, with a reflection on the productivities .The experiment were carried out under field condition in Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil in the period of May to November of 2018. in order to evaluating and quantifying by means of agronomic and ecological indices, the interaction of the species of collard green and chicory in intercropping, different regarding the time of transplanting of chicory relative to collard green. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 9 treatments, in a 2 x 4 + 1 factorial scheme, with four replications. The factors evaluated were the cultivation system (intercropping and monoculture) and chicory transplant times (0, 14, 28 and 42 days after transplanting (DAT) relative to collard green and one monoculture of collard green. The yield of collard green 'HS-20’ in intercropping with chicory 'Folha Larga' increased with the delayed transplantation time of the chicory. The total yield and yield per harvest of the chicory was not influenced by the time of transplantation. The collard green and chicory in intercropping provides greater efficiency in the use of the area than their monocultures, and reached the maximum value whe... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

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