Tesis para optar al Grado de Magister en Ciencias Agropecuarias, Mención Producción de Cultivos / Existen en el mercado nacional variedades híbridas de radicchio (Cichorium intybus L.), de alto rendimiento y homogeneidad, su limitante es el alto costo de la semilla. La más importante es ‘Leonardo’, de semillas Bejo, que representa 90% del mercado, sin embargo, se cree que existen variedades de polinización abierta que podrían utilizarse como alternativa a los híbridos a un menor costo. Este estudio, buscó seleccionar variedades de polinización abierta con igual o mejor rendimiento exportable que ‘Leonardo’, con el fin de establecer bases de recomendación de cultivares en la zona central de Chile. Se evaluaron 11 variedades de radicchio, en un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar con cinco repeticiones. El ensayo se realizó en 4 localidades de la zona central de Chile, durante la temporada 2007-2008. En cada localidad se evaluaron 3 fechas de siembra, la combinación localidad x fecha de siembra generó 12 ambientes. Se evaluó el rendimiento exportable, peso de la cabeza, porcentaje de plantas enfermas, emisión prematura de tallo floral y color exportable, se realizaron análisis combinado de varianza, de estabilidad, AMMI, SREG, PLS y componentes principales. El rendimiento exportable de las variedades fluctuó entre 23,34 t ha-1 (‘Leonardo’) y 6,84 t ha-1 (‘CH121’), y de los ambientes entre 25,89 y 8,18 t ha-1 . El análisis combinado de varianza del rendimiento exportable, mostró efecto significativo para GxA. El tipo de radicchio (Treviso o Chioggia) resultó ser la principal causa de interacción para rendimiento exportable. En términos de rendimiento exportable, ‘Ciro’ (Chioggia) podría considerarse como una buena alternativa económica a ‘Leonardo’ en el mega ambiente formado por las tres fechas de siembra de Polpaico, Santo Domingo y Lampa, mientras que ‘Tullio’ (Treviso) podría ser alternativa en las tres fechas de siembra de Padre Hurtado. ‘Ciro’ destacó no sólo porque rindió 18,7% menos que ‘Leonardo’ (P<0,05) sino porque también es más estable que ‘Leonardo’. ‘Tullio’ rindió 24% más que ‘Leonardo’ en las tres fechas de siembra de Padre Hurtado (P<0,05). La reducción del rendimiento exportable se debió principalmente a enfermedades. / In the Chilean national market there are hybrid varieties of radicchio (Cichorium intybus L.) with high yield and homogeneity, its limitation is the high cost of the seed. The most important is ‘Leonardo’, Bejo seed, which represents 90% of the market, however, it is believed that there are open-pollinated varieties that could be used as an alternative to hybrids at lower cost. This study sought to select open-pollinated varieties with equal or better exportable performance than ‘Leonardo’, in order to establish bases on the recommendation of cultivars for the central zone of Chile. Eleven varieties of radicchio were evaluated in a randomized complete block desing with five replications. The trial was conducted in four localities of central Chile, during the 2007-2008 seasons. At each site, 3 planting dates were evaluated. The combination of locality x transplant date generated 12 environments. Exportable yield, head mass, percentage of diseased plants, early flowering bolting and exportable color were evaluated. Combined analyzes of variance, stability, AMMI, SREG, PLS and principal components were made. The exportable yield of the varieties ranged from 23,34 t ha-1 (‘Leonardo’) to 6,84 t ha-1 (‘CH121’), and the environments ranged between 25,89 and 8,18 t ha-1 . The analysis of the exportable yield variance showed significant GxE effect. The type of radicchio (Treviso or Chioggia) was the main cause of interaction for exportable yield. In terms of exportable yield, ‘Ciro’ (Chioggia) could be considered as a good alternative to ‘Leonardo’ in the mega environment formed by the three planting dates of Polpaico, Santo Domingo and Lampa, while ‘Tullio’ (Treviso) could be an alternative in the three planting dates of Padre Hurtado. ‘Ciro’ yield 18,7% less than ‘Leonardo’ (P <0,05) but showed better stability than ‘Leonardo’ and ‘Tullio’ yield 24% more than ‘Leonardo’ in the three planting dates of Padre Hurtado (P <0,05). Exportable yield reduction is mainly due to diseases.

Memoria para optar al título profesional de Ingeniero Agrónomo Mención Fitotecnia / El radicchio (Cichorium intybus L. var. silvestre Bischoff) es una hortaliza de hojas rojas, muy apreciada hoy en día por la población de los países desarrollados, ya sea por sus características organolépticas como por sus beneficios a la salud. En Chile la producción ha venido al alza en los últimos años destinándose casi en su totalidad a la exportación, generando importantes ingresos al país. La selección varietal en pos de buscar mejores rendimientos y disminuir los costos, debe hacerse en la misma zona donde se realizará la producción comercial. Por ello se planteó este estudio en la localidad de Polpaico durante la temporada 2007/2008 que buscó encontrar variedades de polinización abierta que cumplieran con los requisitos de rendimiento y exportación. A través de 3 ensayos independientes consistentes en 3 fechas de transplante se buscó la mejor variedad para cada ensayo entre 22 variedades del tipo “Rosso di Chioggia” y 7 del tipo “Rosso di Treviso Precoce”. La evaluación consistió en una caracterización fenológica y una estimación de rendimiento a través de peso fresco, porcentaje de plantas cosechadas y porcentaje de color exportable. Los resultados mostraron una clara susceptibilidad de la especie a las altas temperaturas, obteniéndose los rendimientos más bajos en el primer ensayo, coincidentes con el mayor tiempo alcanzado por las plantas de este ensayo entre transplante y cierre de cabeza y el mayor número de hojas con que este evento ocurrió. En los 3 ensayos fue posible encontrar variedades del tipo “Rosso di Chioggia” que cumplieron con la calidad de exportación, sin embargo sólo en los ensayos 1 y 2 se pudieron encontrar variedades de polinización abierta con estas características. Respecto a los “Rosso di Treviso Precoce”, las variedades fueron las más sensibles a las altas temperaturas. Sin embargo, en los 3 ensayos se pudo encontrar al menos 1 variedad de polinización abierta con características de calidad exportable. A través de este estudio se pudo establecer la importancia determinante que tuvo el color en la calidad del radicchio y como el parámetro “porcentaje de plantas cosechadas” resulta de un complejo de factores que deben ser mejor estudiados. / Radicchio (Cichorium intybus L. var. silvetre Bischoff) is a red-leaf vegetable very appreciated these days by people in developed countries, both by its organoleptic characteristics as well as its health benefits. Since 2000 in Chile, its production has been rising although most of it is exported, generating substancial revenue to the country. The variety selection to decrease cost and get better yields, should be done in the same area where comercial production is being held. This study was carried out in Polpaico throughout the 2007-2008 season, seeking open pollination varieties that allow achieving yield and export requirements. This study was divided into 3 independent planting dates, looking for the best “Rosso di Chioggia” and “Rosso di Treviso Precoce” radicchio variety. The trial evaluation consisted of a phenotypic characterization and yield estimation through fresh weight, harvested plants’ percentage as well as percentage of exportable colour. Results showed high susceptibility of the species to high temperature, thus obtaining the lowest yields in the first planting date, corresponding with the highest time reached by the plants in this same trial between transplant and closed head and the highest leaf number occurring within this event. In all the planting dates it was possible to find “Rosso di Chioggia” varieties that reach export quality, however only in the first two trials (1 and 2) open pollination varieties with these features were observed. Regarding “Rosso di Treviso Precoce” varieties, they were the most sensitive to high temperature. However, in all the trials at least 1 open polinization variety was found with export quality. Throughout this study it was possible to determine the important role of colour in radicchio quality as well as the parameter “percentage of harvested plants” that was the result of many factors that must be better studied.

Orientador: Cecílio Filho Arthur Bernardes / Resumo: O sistema de consorciação é uma tecnologia muito utilizada na produção de hortaliças, e que influencia profundamente a produtividade das culturas, além de gerar inúmeras vantagens fitotécnicas quando manejado adequadamente; tornando-se necessários maiores estudos sobre época de estabelecimento dos consórcios, uma vez que esta afeta o período de convivência entre as espécies com reflexo nas produtividades. O objetivo foi avaliar e quantificar, por meio de índices agronômicos e ecológicos, a interação entre couve e almeirão em cultivos consorciados, distintos quanto à época de transplante do almeirão em relação à couve. Foi realizado um experimento em campo, em Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil, no período de maio a novembro de 2018. O delineamento utilizado foi de blocos casualizados, com 9 tratamentos, em esquema fatorial 2 x 4 + 1, com quatro repetições. Os fatores avaliados foram sistema de cultivo (consórcio e monocultura) e épocas de transplante do almeirão (0, 14, 28 e 42 dias após o transplante (DAT) em relação à couve, e a monocultura da couve. A produtividade da couve ‘HS-20’ em consórcio com almeirão ‘Folha Larga’ aumentou com o atraso de transplante do almeirão. A produtividade total e por colheita do almeirão não foi influenciada pela época de transplante. Consórcio de couve e almeirão proporciona maior eficiência no uso da área que suas monoculturas, e atingiu o valor máximo quanto o transplante ocorreu aos 42 dias após o transplante da couve. Os índices ecológicos atestam ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The intercropping system is a technology very used in the production of vegetable, which deeply influences crop productivity, besides generating numerous phytotechnical advantages when properly managed; further studies of the intercropping establishment times are needs, since it affects the coexistence period among the species, with a reflection on the productivities .The experiment were carried out under field condition in Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil in the period of May to November of 2018. in order to evaluating and quantifying by means of agronomic and ecological indices, the interaction of the species of collard green and chicory in intercropping, different regarding the time of transplanting of chicory relative to collard green. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 9 treatments, in a 2 x 4 + 1 factorial scheme, with four replications. The factors evaluated were the cultivation system (intercropping and monoculture) and chicory transplant times (0, 14, 28 and 42 days after transplanting (DAT) relative to collard green and one monoculture of collard green. The yield of collard green 'HS-20’ in intercropping with chicory 'Folha Larga' increased with the delayed transplantation time of the chicory. The total yield and yield per harvest of the chicory was not influenced by the time of transplantation. The collard green and chicory in intercropping provides greater efficiency in the use of the area than their monocultures, and reached the maximum value whe... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

No description available.

Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), a valuable forage for ruminant livestock in temperate regions, appears highly degradable in the rumen. Fundamental reasons for the rapid breakdown of chicory cell walls in the rumen were studied. Cell walls were isolated from laminae and midribs of chicory (cv. Grasslands Puna II) leaves. The walls, which, except for the walls of xylem tracheary elements in vascular bundles, were non-lignified, were fractionated progressively with 50 mM CDTA, 50 mM Na2CO3, 1 M KOH, 4 M KOH, 4 M KOH + 3.5% H3BO3, and hot water. The polysaccharides were similar to those in nonlignified walls of other dicotyledons, but with high proportions of pectic polysaccharides (67% of the total wall polysaccharides in the laminae). These included homogalacturonans (HGs, 50% of the total wall polysaccharides in laminae) and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG I). In contrast, the proportions of cellulose, xyloglucans, heteroxylans and glucomannans were low. The locations of different pectic polysaccharides were determined using the monoclonal antibodies JIM5 and JIM7 against HGs with low and high degrees of methyl esterification, respectively, LM6 against arabinan and LM5 against galactan. All primary walls were labelled with all the antibodies used. However, the middle lamella, tricellular junctions and the corners of intercellular spaces were labelled with JIM5 and JIM7, but not with LM5. The middle lamella was labelled with LM6, but not the corners of intercellular spaces. These results support the involvement in cell adhesion of HGs with low degrees of methyl esterification. A preparation of endopolygalacturonase (endo-PG) was used to investigate cell adhesion, and its effect on forage particle breakdown was determined using weight loss, chemical analysis and immunofluorescence labelling. The preparation dramatically reduced particle size. Cell separation was accompanied by a loss of HGs with low degrees of methyl esterifcation from the middle lamella and corners of intercellular spaces. A consequential loss of cell adhesion evidently caused leaf breakdown. The degradation of fresh chicory leaves by rumen bacteria was investigated by measuring weight loss, monosaccharide release and immunocytolabelling. Two bacteria, the pectolytic Lachnospira multiparus D32 and the cellulolytic Fibrobacter succinogenes S85, effectively degraded chicory. Pectic polysaccharides were degraded faster than other wall polysaccharides, with uronic acid released faster and more completely than neutral monosaccharides. The preponderance of non-lignified primary walls and abundance of pectic polysaccharides may account, in part, for the rapid degradation of forage chicory in the rumen. The HGs in the middle lamellae and corners of intercellular spaces probably have a role in cell adhesion, and their degradation is probably responsible for the rapid reduction in the particle size of chicory leaves in the rumen.

Diss. (sammanfattning). Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Submitted by JULIO GARCIA NETO (tec.juliogarcia@ifma.edu.br) on 2018-05-03T00:36:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Julio_Garcia_Neto_2018.pdf: 913083 bytes, checksum: 5a833ab7fa1d0e34d10d5321c04c4640 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alexandra Maria Donadon Lusser Segali null (alexmar@fcav.unesp.br) on 2018-05-04T17:23:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 garcianeto_j_me_jabo.pdf: 913083 bytes, checksum: 5a833ab7fa1d0e34d10d5321c04c4640 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-04T17:23:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 garcianeto_j_me_jabo.pdf: 913083 bytes, checksum: 5a833ab7fa1d0e34d10d5321c04c4640 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-16 / A pulverização foliar de silício (Si) pode beneficiar a produção e a qualidade das hortaliças folhosas, sendo desconhecidos esses efeitos no agrião-da-terra (Barbarea verna) e no almeirão (Cichorium intybus cv. Spadona). Objetivou-se verificar o efeito da pulverização foliar de silício em diferentes fontes e concentrações no teor foliar de Si, nas variáveis de crescimento, no teor foliar de ascorbato e na perda de água durante o armazenamento das hortaliças agrião e almeirão. Foram realizados dois experimentos, com as duas hortaliças cultivadas em vasos (4 dm3) preenchidos com areia, recebendo solução nutritiva. Durante o cultivo, a média da temperatura máxima atingiu 43,1 °C ± 10,6 °C. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, sendo duas fontes de silício: silicato de potássio e silicato de sódio e potássio estabilizado, e quatro concentrações de Si foliar: 0 (controle); 0,84; 1,68; 2,52 g L-1 de Si, com quatro repetições. As mudas foram transplantadas após 10 dias da emergência para vasos. Foram realizadas três aplicações foliares de Si, a cada dez dias, sendo a primeira realizada aos 28 dias após o transplantio (DAT). A pulverização foliar de silício é viável, para incrementar o acúmulo deste elemento na planta, o crescimento e a biofortificação, e diminui a perda de água da folha pós-colheita do agrião da terra e do almeirão, destacando-se a concentração de 2,52 g L-1 de Si na forma de silicato de potássio. / Silicon (Si) leaf spraying can benefit the production and quality of leafy vegetables. Such knowing is unclear to land cress (Barbarea verna) and root chicory (Cichorium intybus cv. Spadona). This study aimed was verify the effect of silicon leaf spraying under different sources and concentrations in Si leaf content, on growth variables, ascorbate leaf content, and water loss during storage of land cress and root chicory. We carried out two experiments with two vegetables grown in (4 dm3) pots filled with sand, receiving nutrient solution. During growing, the maximum temperature average was 43.1 °C ± 10.6 ºC. A completely randomized design was used in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme, with two sources of silicon: potassium silicate and stabilized sodium and potassium silicate, and four concentrations of leaf spraying Si: 0 (control), 0.84, 1.68, and 2.52 g L-1 of Si, with four replications. The seedlings were transplanted after 10 days of vessel emergence. Three Si leaf sprayings were done every ten days where the first spraying was at 28 days after transplanting (DAT). Silicon leaf spraying is feasible to increase the Si accumulation, plant growth and biofortification and decrease the post-harvest water loss of land cress and root chicory leaves. The Si concentration of 2.52 g L-1 as potassium silicate was highlighted.