Environmental modelling is lately becoming to be one of the most important decision support systems. Hydrological models present significant potential for use especially in area of surface and groundwater protection. In the diploma thesis, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to evaluate nitrate surface water pollution in nine catchments situated in Křivoklátsko protected area during the period of 2003 - 2010. Modelling process consist of assorted consequent steps. First the hydrological model of each catchment was created. Afterwards the sensitivity analysis was conducted to select most sensitive model parameters. Calibration process was carried out after the parameters selection using SWAT-CUP automatic calibration tool. Model results were visualized and evaluated. The results of the model suggested, that the area of interest was not widely endangered by nitrate pollution. Within each catchment the critical source areas of nitrate pollution were identified. It was observed that these areas are related with intensive agricultural areas. Nitrate leaching ranged from 6 kg.ha-1 to 10 kg.ha-1 per year in agriculture areas. Some areas exceed this amount. Nitrate loss from most of the area of interest ranged from 0 kg.ha-1 to 4 kg.ha-1 per year. Concentrations of nitrates in modeled...

Submitted by Claudia Rocha (claudia.rocha@udesc.br) on 2017-12-07T13:28:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PGEF15MA052.pdf: 2085548 bytes, checksum: e3351d2236cc09fa2f7cd11ad032a56f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-07T13:28:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGEF15MA052.pdf: 2085548 bytes, checksum: e3351d2236cc09fa2f7cd11ad032a56f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-01 / FAPESC / The present study aimed to evaluate the hydric quality of the Ponte Grande River hydrographic basin in Lages-SC, through the identification of environmental impacts in the environmental protection areas and the evolution of the ways of land occupation between 1984 and 2013. For the determination of the water quality, samples were collected in 57 points of the basin: river sources, confluences and intermediate points. The evaluated parameters were: temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, pH, total dissolved solids, salinity, turbidity, apparent color, total phenols, total suspended solids, nitrate, nitrite, total ammonia, total phosphorus, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and the following heavy metals: copper, silver, cadmium, zinc, lead and total iron. The methodology utilized in the analyzes followed the orientations of the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (APHA, 1999). The evaluation of land use was performed using the imagery of the satellites TM-Landsat 5 and 8 from the years of 1984, 1993, 2003 and 2013. Six classes of land use were identified: agriculture, water, urban area, field, native forest and reforested area. For 29 years, an increase of the “urban area” class was noticed, due to the reduction of the “field” class. Until 2003, the predominant class was “field”, with 44.84%. In 2013, the urban occupation reached 36.8% of the total area of the basin. In the PPAs, until 2003, “field” was predominant compared to the other uses, with 46.31% of the area. However, in 2013, “native forest” reached 50.83%, making “field” go to the second place with 23.78%. In 1984, 5.51% of the PPAs were not under the Law number 12651/2012 (Forest Code), without the preservation and maintenance of the forest or native covers. In 1993, this rate increased to 12.96%, and in 2003, it has obtained its highest value: 26.54%. In 2013, for the first time, it has dropped, reaching 25.56%. Regarding the water quality, from the 21 analyzed parameters, 12 showed values which are outside of the limits established by the CONAMA Resolution number 357/2005 for class II fresh waters. They were: DO (0.7 - 6.99 mg/L), pH (5.19 - 8.05), turbidity (1 - 289 turbidity units), color (0.5 - 327 color units), ammonia (0.04 - 8.94 mg/L), P (0 - 0.53 mg/L), phenol (0.005 - 0.037 mg/L), Cu (0.04 - 1.34 mg/L), Ag (0.008 - 0.242), Pb (0.05 - 0.36 mg/L), Cd (0.003 - 0.18 mg/L) and Fe (0.39 - 4.73 mg/L). It occurs due to the amount of domestic and industrial sewer, garbage disposal and the flow of agricultural waste that is being received by the hydrographic net. Total dissolved solids, salinity, total suspended solids, nitrate, nitrite and zinc attended the established standards for the referred class. Then, it can be concluded that the urbanization process is affecting not only the way of land use, but also the quality of the waters of the basin / O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a qualidade hídrica na bacia hidrográfica do rio Ponte Grande em Lages-SC a partir da identificação dos impactos ambientais nas áreas de preservação ambiental, e da evolução nas formas de ocupação do solo entre 1984 a 2013. Para a determinação da qualidade da água, foram coletadas amostras em 57 pontos da bacia: nascentes, confluências e pontos intermediários. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: temperatura, oxigênio dissolvido, condutividade, pH, sólidos totais dissolvidos, salinidade, turbidez, cor aparente, fenóis totais, sólidos em suspensão, nitrato, nitrito, amônia total, fósforo total, demanda química de oxigênio (DQO) e os metais pesados: cobre, prata, cádmio, zinco, chumbo e ferro total. A metodologia utilizada nas análises seguiu as orientações do Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (APHA, 1999). A avaliação do uso do solo foi realizada utilizando-se imagens dos satélites TM-Landsat 5 e 8 dos anos de 1984, 1993, 2003 e 2013. Identificou-se seis classes de uso do solo: agricultura, água, área urbana, campo, mata nativa e reflorestamento. Ao longo dos 29 anos, constatou-se uma ascensão da classe área urbana, em detrimento da queda na classe campo. Até o ano de 2003 a classe predominante era o campo com 44,84%. Em 2013, a ocupação urbana atingiu 36,8% da área total da bacia. Nas APP’s até o ano de 2003 o campo foi predominante sobre os outros usos, com 46,31%; porém, em 2013, a mata nativa detinha 50,83%, deslocando a classe campo para o segundo lugar, com 23,78%. Em 1984, 5,51% das APP’s estavam em desacordo com a Lei nº 12.651/2012 (Código Florestal), sem a preservação e manutenção da cobertura florestal ou mata nativa. Em 1993 essa taxa subiu para 12,96%, e em 2003 obteve seu maior índice com 26,54%. Em 2013, pela primeira vez reduziu para 25,26%. Com relação à qualidade da água, dos 21 parâmetros analisados, 12 apresentaram valores fora dos limites estabelecidos pela Resolução CONAMA nº 357/2005 para águas doces de classe II. Foram eles: OD (0,7 - 6,99 mg/L), pH (5,19 - 8,05), turbidez (1 - 289 NTU), cor (0,5 - 327 uC), amônia (0,04 - 8,94 mg/L), P (0 - 0,53 mg/L), fenol (0,005 - 0,037 mg/L), Cu (0,04 - 1,34 mg/L), Ag (0,008 - 0,242), Pb (0,05 - 0,36 mg/L), Cd (0,003 - 0,18 mg/L) e Fe (0,39 - 4,73 mg/L). Isso ocorre devido ao despejo de esgotos domésticos e industriais, deposição de lixo e escoamento de resíduos agrícolas que a rede hidrográfica vem recebendo. As variáveis: sólidos totais dissolvidos, salinidade, sólidos em suspensão, nitrato, nitrito e zinco atenderam aos padrões estabelecidos para a referida classe. Conclui-se então, que o processo de urbanização está impactando não somente a forma de ocupação do solo, mas também a qualidade das águas da bacia

Cotton plant growth and development, as well as monitoring nutrient use efficiency were evaluated using hydroponic approach. Two set of experiments were conducted to determine the influence of phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and PK and exogenous application of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3), zeatin (Z) and their combinations on growth and development of cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum) grown hydroponically. In the nutrient solution experiment, cotton vegetative growth was positively influenced by low P (half strength Hoagland standard solution), low K (one-sixth strength Hoagland standard solution) and high PK treatments (Hoagland standard solution). Phytohormone experiment negatively supported vegetative growth except root length at 43 days after transplanting (DAT). The nutrients levels applied significantly favoured NPK uptake by cotton plants while exogenous phytohormones application did not affect NPK uptake by cotton plants, except N uptake by stem. Low P and low K treatments estimated to have high nutrient use efficiency (NUE). For chlorophyll formation, low K and high PK significantly increased formation of chlorophyll a, b and total ab while the application of GA3, IAA, Z and IAA x GA3 x 2Z treatments significantly increased chlorophyll a, b and total ab at 80 DAT only. Low K and low P treatments stimulated endogenous phytohormone contents in the cotton plants. In the phytohormone experiment, cotton plants treated to IAA x GA3 x Z increased endogenous phytohormone contents in the cotton plants. Low P, low K, high PK treatments and phytohormones treatments significantly increased root area, root volume and root activity. Low P, low K and high PK treatments applied significantly influenced residual level of P and K in the hydroponics while phytohormone treatments did not affect residual level of P and K except at 43 DAT. Evapotranspiration rate was high at early and reproductive stages of plant growth. This report shows the response of mineral nutrients and phytohormones to support growth and development of cotton plants grown hydroponically. / Description as in abstract

A drone is an aircraft that can fly itself or be remotely controlled by a driver elsewhere while collecting data of various kinds. In Swedish forestry drones are used today both by professionals and by private forest owners. The aim of this study was to find out how drones are used in Swedish forestry today, describe their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, and find out what developmental areas there are for drones. Data was collected through telephone interviews with nine respondents with different geographical locations in Sweden and with different practical experiences. Drones are primarily used in forestry planning. In the SWOT analysis, most responses were in the category of strengths. Examples of strengths many saw were more effective work and planning. The main opportunity was the rapid development of technology. Weaknesses mentioned were that they lacked equipment and the largest threat was the authorities. Many respondents wanted to see development of apps and program.