Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio (fiscina@bahia.fiocruz.br) on 2014-09-18T13:20:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Renato Barbosa Reis. Avaliação ambiental... 2014.pdf: 11397074 bytes, checksum: ae3430dfcceb0d0b4cec5bbb356c39af (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-18T13:20:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Renato Barbosa Reis. Avaliação ambiental... 2014.pdf: 11397074 bytes, checksum: ae3430dfcceb0d0b4cec5bbb356c39af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Introdução: A leptospirose tem emergido como um importante problema de saúde pública no mundo. Esta zoonose é responsável por epidemias anuais que acometem principalmente indivíduos residentes em comunidades negligenciadas como as existentes em Salvador. Poucos estudos longitudinais foram realizados com objetivo de identificar os fatores de risco para infecção, fontes de transmissão e compreender a real dimensão da leptospirose nessas comunidades. Objetivo: Identificar fatores de risco para infecção prévia e novas infecções por leptospiras no contexto ambiental e socioeconômico em uma comunidade em Salvador Bahia. Métodos: Estudos de soroprevalência e coorte foram conduzidos na comunidade de Pau da Lima, com a realização de entrevistas domiciliares, avaliação peridomiciliar, coleta de material biológico e análises espaciais para mensurar a associação epidemiológica entre fatores de risco ambientais e as infecções. O teste de microaglutinação foi utilizado para avaliar amostras sorológicas obtidas. Resultados: Residir próximo aos esgotos abertos e do fundo do vale proximidade do domicílio a acúmulo de lixo e baixa renda foram associados com as infecções. A incidência anual de infecções secundárias foi de 2,3 vezes maior que as infecções primárias. Conclusão: O presente estudo sugere que medidas preventivas devem focalizar nas deficiências de infraestrutura que servem como fontes de transmissão. Intervenções mais efetivas precisam se concentrar especialmente nos adultos jovens e nos grupos populacionais mais desfavorecidos nestas comunidades. / Introduction: Leptospirosis has emerged as an important public health problem in the world. This zoonosis is responsible for annual epidemics affecting mainly individuals living in disadvantaged communities as existing in Salvador. Few longitudinal studies have been conducted in order to identify risk factors for infection, transmission sources and understand the real dimension of leptospirosis in these communities. Objective: To identify risk factors for early infection and new infections by Leptospira in environmental and socioeconomic context in a community in Salvador Bahia. Methods: Seroprevalence and cohort studies were conducted in Pau da Lima community, conducting home interviews peridomicilary review, collection of biological material and spatial analysis to measure the epidemiological association between environmental risk factors and infections. The agglutination test was used to evaluate serum samples obtained. Results: Residing next to open sewers and the valley floor near the homes of waste accumulation and low income were associated with infections. The annual incidence of secondary infections was 2.3 times higher than primary infections. Conclusion: This study suggests that preventive measures should focus on infrastructure deficiencies that serve as sources of transmission. More effective interventions need to focus especially on young adults and the most disadvantaged population groups in these communities.

Parks and protected areas are crucial for the health of the biosphere and long-term sustainability of the planet. However challenges these areas face include: there are simply not enough of them, the existing ones are often too small and fragmented, and there is not always public support for them. Regional parks are specific types of protected areas that can help contribute to conservation and sustainability. The effectiveness of protected areas for conservation can be enhanced through a variety of strategies such as “biosphere reserves”. This research looks at stakeholder perceptions regarding potential benefits of the Mount Arrowsmith Massif Regional Park and the importance of the Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Reserve Operating Framework. This study has contributed to the larger Protected Areas and Poverty Reduction (PAPR) research initiative as it discusses the flow of costs and benefits from protected areas and alternate forms of protected area governance.