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This thesis is an examination of policy-making and practice in design education in England from 1837-1992. It takes a longue durée approach to the history of the development of design education to provide a new narrative which shows a pattern of recurring debates concerning the purpose of design education and how it should be taught. Using the curricula of furniture design courses at three art schools to illustrate the way policy was put into practice, this thesis argues that historical context is key to understanding why debates regarding the way designers should be trained for industry have recurred since 1837. Based on a wide variety of primary source material the thesis contributes to historiography by extending the scope of previous histories of art and design education, and also, for the first time, focuses solely on the development of design education, whilst acknowledging its place in the wider development of art and design education. Following the introduction, chapter two of this thesis examines the events which led to the 1835-6 Select Committee and argues that many of the issues raised during the Committee influenced the teaching of design education through the remainder of the nineteenth century; this is further demonstrated through chapter three. Charting the development of design education into the twentieth century through chapters four, five and six, this thesis shows that changing historical contexts, such as the development of industrial methods or wider changes in higher education, have also had an impact on design education. In the light of changing historical contexts, policy makers for design education have continually questioned what design students should be taught and how they should be taught, which accounts, in part, for the recurring nature of debates in design education.

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With the rise of Internet, Web and new media technologies come increased opportunities for audience to recreate media content and influence its flow across different media platforms. The fan as a demanding yet enthusiastic consumer has become a centrepiece of media industries' marketing strategies. On the one hand, this qualitative change often described as participatory culture means a giant leap forward for fans, who can now serve new roles within the media industry. On the other, it represents a potential exploitation of media users, as unpaid volunteers do the labour professionals are paid for. This study investigates this tension in a case of videogame fans. On their official websites, videogame developers encourage fans to contribute with their fan art harnessing fan creativity for their advertising purposes. Convergence culture raises conflicts and compromises between creators of fan art (fan artists), and the owners of the copyrighted works they appropriate (game companies). This study addresses three main issues: (1) the way and circumstances under which game companies are displaying fan art on their official websites, (2) how fans understand the tensions between empowerment and exploitation, how do they address the issue of free labour, (3) how fans view issues concerning intellectual property...

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This dissertation is a study of artistic projects that, in response to Spain’s transition into a neoliberal economy, renew the disruptive gesture of the avant-garde, from the country’s 1986 entry into the European Union, to the post-15M uprisings. To do so, I argue that Iberian artists revived strategies of sabotage typical of the 19th-century worker’s struggle, including power cuts, political infiltration, misappropriation of funds, and the destruction of property, to wield the art world’s contradictions against itself. Institutions sponsored these interventions precisely because in attempting to sabotage the art system, museums were able to marshal the idea of the artist’s freedom as a stand-in for Spain’s democratic identity, while also promoting art that fit the regime of spectacle driving the art market. Combining archival research and interviews with visual and cultural analyses of primarily conceptual art projects, each chapter focuses on a sociopolitical concern with Spain’s neoliberalization with which these artworks wrestle. The first chapter centers on imaginaries of technology given the country’s EU-imposed deindustrialization. One of the cases I examine is Catalan sound artist TRES Blackout (2000-16) concerts where he disconnected buildings from the grid, aestheticizing a pre- and post-industrial experience. The second chapter considers how the promotion of contemporary art was crucial for the State’s shift toward financialization, helping tourism and real estate markets’ development. These conditions, I argue, led to a new wave of institutional critique, questioning the museum’s social role. Among the works I analyze is Andalusian-Catalan visual artist Luz Broto’s architectural piece, Abrir un agujero permanente (2015), in which she bored a hole in the façade of the Museum of Contemporary Art of Barcelona and ran a workshop to change the museum’s bylaws for the hole to remain, without authorization, rendering institution making an artistic process in the vein of institutional critique. The third chapter addresses how artists found ways to counter the institution’s capture of cultural labor, such as Núria Güell’s manual, Cómo expropiar a los bancos (2013) —alongside others—on how to obtain bank loans and default on them. Through the lens of sabotage, we can see how artists pry open, in both symbolic and concrete ways, the increasingly nebulous relationship between labor and capital.

La « promenade architecturale », expression inventée par Le Corbusier en 1929, à l’occasion de la publication du premier volume de l’Œuvre Complète, représente un concept clé corbuséen parmi les plus fréquemment évoqués. En suivant les pistes tracées par l’utilisation du terme «promenade architecturale» par l’architecte lui-même, sans s’y limiter toutefois, notre étude vise à clarifier la genèse, l’application et le développement de ce concept. Une méthodologie constituée de trois approches — historique, projectuelle et textuelle — est adoptée afin de mesurer son évolution de 1907 à 1939. La période de formation de l’architecte (1907-1915), constitue le champ d’observation de ses principales sources d’inspiration. Les débuts de la carrière de Charles-Édouard Jeanneret à La Chaux-de-Fonds depuis son retour du Voyage d’Orient en novembre 1911, son installation à Paris en janvier 1917, et la première décennie de la carrière de Le Corbusier (1920-1929), fournissent les pistes utiles à éclairer sa mise en place à l’échelle des maisons individuelles. L’«ère des grands travaux » (1929-1939) témoigne, enfin, de son développement et de sa mutation, particulièrement dans une suite d’études consacrées au musée. Cette dernière phase marque l’apogée de la promenade architecturale et présage de sa disparition textuelle dans la carrière corbuséenne de l’Après-guerre. Loin d’être une simple formule esthétique, la promenade architecturale se développe sur la base d’un croisement de diverses sources d’inspiration — peinture, art de bâtir les villes, littérature, cinéma et architecture — et à partir d’une fusion entre expériences de perception et de conception. Elle constitue ainsi une méthode fondamentale et spécifique de Le Corbusier pour penser l’architecture, qui le distingue des précurseurs et d’autres figures de proue du Mouvement moderne. / The promenade architecturale, an expression invented by Le Corbusier in 1929 when the first volume of L’Œuvre complète was published, represents one of the most frequently mentioned key concept of Le Corbusier. By following the paths traced by the uses of the term promenade architecturale by the architect himself, without limiting ourselves to them, our research aims to clarify the genesis, the implementation and the development of this concept. A methodology consisting of three approaches — historical, project-based and textual — has been adopted in order to evaluate how it evolved bet-ween 1907 and 1939. The formative years of the architect (1907-1915) constitutes a field to observe his main sources of inspiration. The early career of Charles-Edouard Jeanneret at La Chaux-de-Fonds, dating from the return of the young architect from the Voyage d’Orient to his departure for Paris in 1917, and the first decade of the career of Le Corbusier (1920-1929), provide helpful indices to understand how this concept was put into practice on private houses. At last, the ère des grands travaux (1929-1939) constitutes a testimony to the development of this concept, and is a witness of its mutation particularly along a series of studies that Le Corbusier devoted to museums. This last phase marks the peak of the promenade architecturale and announces its disappearing from Le Corbusier’s written work in his postwar career. Far from being a simple aesthetic formulation appeared accidentally, the promenade architecturale was developed on the basis of an action of crossing varied sources of inspiration — painting, art of building cities, literature, cinema and architecture —, and was deduced from a fusion of perceptive and conceptual experiences. Thus, it constitutes Le Corbusier’s fundamental and specific method for thinking architecture, which makes him stand out from his precursors and from other prominent characters of the Modern Movement.

En 1897, paraît la première revue parisienne consacrée à la critique des arts décoratifs contemporains : Art et Décoration, publiée par la Librairie centrale des beaux-arts. Jusqu’en 1914,elle reste fidèle aux engagements énoncés par son programme : être l’auxiliaire du développement d’un art décoratif français moderne, au sens large, en suivant étroitement l’actualité artistique et en prenant part aux débats critiques, esthétiques, théoriques et idéologiques qui sous-tendent cette actualité. Cette recherche a pour but de décrypter l’action critique et théorique d’Art et Décoration en tant qu’auxiliaire de l’évolution des faits artistiques, selon trois niveaux de lecture : la place d’Art et Décoration et de ses principaux acteurs au sein du champ éditorial des revues d’art, la vocation militante de son discours critique, et, enfin, son élaboration d’une esthétique décorative extensive.Tout en suivant ce triple niveau de lecture, cette étude adopte un parcours en quatre temps,correspondant à quatre périodes, définies par la superposition de l’histoire interne d’Art et Décoration, de l’évolution des faits artistiques et du positionnement critique et théorique de la revue vis-à-vis de ces derniers. / In 1897, the Librairie centrale des beaux-arts published the first Parisian review devoted to contemporary decorative arts criticism : Art et Décoration. Until 1914, the review adhered to its original mission of chronicling the development of modern, French decorative art by reporting artistic events, and taking an active role in the critical, aesthetical, theoretical and ideological debates of the period. This research intends to understand the critical and theoretical actions of Art et Décoration through three different perspectives: the role of Art et Décoration and its main contributors in the field of art review publishing; the militant language of its critical discourse ; and, its construction of an extensive decorative aesthetic. In addition to these three viewpoints, this study is further divided into four chronological periods based upon the internal dynamics of Art et Décoration, artistic developments of the era, and the progression of the review’s critical and theoretical positions.