No description available.

No description available.

Loading vitrifiable concentrations of cryoprotective agents is an important step for cryopreservation of biological tissues by vitrification for research and transplantation purposes. This may be done by immersing the tissue in a cryoprotective agent (CPA) solution, and increasing the concentration, continuously or in multiple steps, and simultaneously decreasing the temperature to decrease the toxicity effects of the cryoprotective agent on the tissue cellular system. During cryoprotective agent loading, osmotic water movement from the tissue to the surrounding solution, and the resultant tissue shrinkage and stress-strain in the tissue matrix as well as on the cellular system can significantly alter the outcome of the cryopreservation protocol. In this thesis, a biomechanical model for articular cartilage is developed to account for the transport of the cryoprotective agent, the nonideal-nondilute properties of the vitrifiable solutions, the osmotic water movement and the resultant tissue shrinkage and stress-strain in the tissue matrix, and the osmotic volume change of the chondrocytes, during cryoprotective agent loading in the cartilage matrix. Four essential transport parameters needed for the model were specified, the values of which were obtained uniquely by fitting the model to experimental data from porcine articular cartilage. Then, it was shown that using real nonuniform initial distributions of water and fixed charges in cartilage, measured separately in this thesis using MRI, in the model can significantly affect the model predictions. The model predictions for dimethyl sulfoxide diffusion in porcine articular cartilage were verified by comparing to spatially and temporally resolved measurements of dimethyl sulfoxide concentration in porcine articular cartilage using a spectral MRI technique, developed for this purpose and novel to the field of cryobiology. It was demonstrated in this thesis that the developed mathematical model provides a novel tool for studying transport phenomena in cartilage during cryopreservation protocols, and can make accurate predictions for the quantities of interest for applications in the cryopreservation of articular cartilage. / Chemical Engineering

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Uppsala universitet, 2005. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Australia, 2007.

Thesis (M.S.)--School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. Directed by Marc Levenston. / Marc Levenston, Committee Co-Chair ; Yves Berthelot, Committee Co-Chair ; Robert Guldberg, Committee Member. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. / Radhakrishna, Harish, Committee Member ; LaPlaca, Michelle, Committee Member ; Nerem, Robert, Committee Member ; Garcia, Andres, Committee Member ; Levenston, Marc, Committee Chair.

No description available.

Orientador: Lucia Helena Simões da Costa Paiva / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T01:12:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Henriques_SylviaHelenaFerreiradaCunha_D.pdf: 316130 bytes, checksum: b0df6fc722b6e1726b3d1b3723ed888f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: Introdução: O crescimento da expectativa de vida tem aumentado a incidência de doenças de idades avançadas, dentre elas a osteoporose. Entretanto as alterações musculoesqueléticas que a acompanham ainda são controversas. Objetivo: avaliar as alterações musculoesqueléticas em mulheres na pós-menopausa, com e sem osteoporose. Sujeitos e Métodos: foi realizado um estudo de corte transversal comparativo com 63 mulheres, acompanhadas no Ambulatório de Menopausa do CAISM/Unicamp, distribuídas em dois grupos, sendo 30 mulheres com osteoporose e 33 sem osteoporose, diagnosticadas através de densitometria óssea. Todas as voluntárias concederam uma entrevista e foram submetidas a uma avaliação física, que constava da medida da força muscular (prova muscular de Daniels) e das amplitudes de movimentos (com flexímetro) da flexão e extensão do tronco, dos ângulos de cifose torácica e lordose lombar (Método de Cobb) e equilíbrios estático e dinâmico (teste de Romberg). Resultados: a idade média das mulheres com osteoporose foi de 57,40, enquanto a das mulheres sem osteoporose foi de 55,76 (p = 0,35) e o tempo médio de menopausa foi de 11 anos nos dois grupos (p=0,97). Os valores médios da força muscular dos flexores e extensores do tronco foram menores nas mulheres com osteoporose (p<0,01). A amplitude de movimento de flexão do tronco foi semelhante nos dois grupos (p=0,91), porém a amplitude do movimento de extensão do tronco nas mulheres com osteoporose foi 20,5° e nas mulheres sem osteoporose 28,4°. Os ângulos de cifose torácica de T1 a T4 (p<0,01) e os ângulos de lordose lombar (p=0,02) foram mais acentuados nas mulheres com osteoporose. Em relação ao equilíbrio, 73,3% das mulheres com osteoporose e 78,8% das mulheres sem osteoporose apresentaram bom equilíbrio estático. As mulheres nos dois grupos apresentavam fraco equilíbrio dinâmico. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas nos equilíbrios estático e dinâmico. As fraturas vertebrais estiveram presentes em 20% das mulheres com osteoporose e ausentes nas mulheres sem osteoporose. Conclusão: Observou-se que mulheres com osteoporose apresentaram menores condições musculoesqueléticas em comparação com as mulheres sem osteoporose, o que pode aumentar o risco de quedas e conseqüentemente de fraturas. Estas observações permitem propor que mulheres com osteoporose participem de programas de exercícios físicos preventivos / Abstract: Introduction: The life expectance increase has to rase the incidence of olders age diseases such as osteoporosis. However the musculosketetal changes doesn't knowed. Objective: this study aimed to investigate the musculoskeletal changes among post menopausal women with and without osteoporosis. Subjects and methods: it is a comparative cross-sectional study. The sample was constituted of 63 women in the CAISM/UNICAMP post menopausal ambulatory, which 30 with densitometric diagnosis of osteoporosis in the spine (mean age: 55.76) and 33 without osteoporosis (mean age: 57.40). All subjects were submitted to a questionaire and a physical evaluation, which consist of the strength of back flexors and extensors (Daniels muscles test), upper body range of motion (fleximeter), thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis degree (Cobb), and static and dynamic equilíbrium (Romberg test). Results: the mean age of the post menopausal women with osteoporosis was 57.40, while the women without osteoporosis was 55.76 (p=0.35) and the mean of the menopause time was 11 years to two groups (p=0.97). The mean of strength of back extensors and flexors muscles of upper body were less in women with osteoporosis (p<0.01). At upper body flexion was not verified any significant changes in rang of motion, as the upper body extention women with osteoporosis showed range of motion of the 20.5° and the women without osteoporosis showed 28.4° (p<0,01). The greatest thoracic kyphosis of T1 to T4 (p<0.01) and lumbar lordosis (p=0.02) degree was noticed in women with steoporosis. About equilibrium, 73.3% of the women with osteoporosis and 78,8% without osteoporosis showed a good static equilibrium and dinamic were poor in both groups. It was not verified any significant changes in both equilibrium. 20% of the women with osteoporosis had fractures and the women without osteoporosis hadn't fractures. Conclutions: these results suggest a distinctive least of the musculoskeletal conditions in women with post menopausal osteoporosis. The musculosketetal changes can increase the risk of a fall and consequently of fracture. These observations can recomend exercise intervention for osteoporotic women / Doutorado / Ciencias Biomedicas / Doutor em Tocoginecologia