Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Thèse doctorat : Sciences : Paris 12 : 2003. / Version électronique uniquement consultable au sein de l'Université Paris 12 (Intranet). Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. : 82 réf.

Pas de résumé français / Pas de résumé anglais

This dissertation considers experiences of embodied memory and indigenous connection to land by which people reconstitute social life in Skolt Sámi resettlement areas of Arctic Finland. After their Petsamo homeland was ceded to the Soviet Union following the Second World War, Skolt relocation to new areas of northern Finland radically transformed social, political, and subsistence lifeways, including through education in Finnish boarding schools. Continuing out-migration to Finnish cities has contributed to the suppression of identity and threats to community wellbeing, felt in ruptures of practice associated with material culture, language, and relationships with local ecologies. Though most studies in the region still focus on the reindeer herding and fishing commonly associated with Sámi populations, there is actually resurgence of Skolt craft (boats, tools, dress), as well as collection and processing of wild foods, which form the core of a vibrant cultural revival. Through participant observation and life history methods, I follow the making of things using local materials as a means by which people remake relationships with the land and with each other. The thesis focuses on the first 14 months of fieldwork in Čeʹvetjäuʹrr (F. Sevettijärvi) 2014-2015, out of a total of 26 months of multi-sited research in the Sámi regions. Scholarship on memory, practice, and displacement examines how memory becomes embodied, reworked, and reconciled across generations, and how material objects and the creation of home in new places create connections to original homelands. Meanwhile, studies among indigenous communities highlight how people use craft and art to establish connections to land despite, and through, displacement and movement. However, to understand the tangible mechanisms of these attachments and interventions, I inquire into the material practices by which people form relationships to resettlement environments. The thesis follows the concept of practical knowledge as transformed and mobilised through revival of local forms of production, to show how practices and memories are selectively rewoven to shape social futures. I argue that embodied processes of making, enmeshed in the materiality of resettlement environments, make Skolt community visible and felt in new ways by establishing connections between resettlement area and indigenous homeland. Grounding each chapter in stages of reconstruction of a Petsamo-style boat, made with roots, pine, and without metal nails, I weave points of analysis and diverse case studies to explore how processes of production, from collection of materials to building and ceremony, serve as loci of memory and practice by which people establish relationships with land to remake social worlds. In the first chapter, I explore spatial and temporal reconnections among Skolt return migrants and Finnish settlers to the Skolt regions of Finland. The second chapter deals with political and gendered dimensions of cultural revival work, showing how different ways of relating to the environment are negotiated through humour and production. The third chapter examines institutional avenues of reviving techniques of production. In the fourth chapter, I consider politics surrounding the role of non-Skolt actors in Skolt cultural revival. The final chapter examines how these politics are reconciled through ceremony and the making of collective memory, establishing Skolt presence in resettlement areas, as well as spatial and temporal continuity with Petsamo, through the public launching of the root boat. I conclude the thesis by bringing together the stages of boat production and related case studies to show how engagements with the environment through making create ways to reimagine relationships to people and place. I further suggest the broader contributions of this study for understanding indigenous movements, displacement, memory, and future-making.

Thèse doctorat : Mécanique : Villeurbanne, INSA : 2003. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. p. 151-160.

A B S T R A C T T I T L E The Impact of physical activities in water on joints movements of seniors. O B J E C T I V E The evaluation of the impact of physical activities in water on joint movements of elderly people. From the data available which measures the movements of shoulder and hip joints at the beginning, in the middle and after the training session, we identify whether there are some changes in the range of movements available of the tested joints. M E T H O D The efficiency of swimming program whose duration was 15 weeks was evaluation by measuring the improvement of movements possible of shoulder and hip joints. There were two groups of elderly people tested. The first group consisted of university students taking courses for elderly people, the latter group consisted of elderly volunteers. Both programmes had the same content. R E S U LT S After the swimming program finished, there were measurable changes in the range of joint movements all participants could perform. In majority of cases these changes were positive (i.e enlargement of the range available), in some case the rotation of the joint in certain movements remained same but there were some elderly people whose range of joint movements was reduced. Overall, the range enlargement was estimated to be higher by 5 - 10ř. K E Y W O R D S...

Pendant près d’un siècle, la France construit une politique de la vieillesse résultant de la progressive mise sur l’agenda politique de la question du vieillissement de la population dont la prise en charge se tournera récemment vers la problématique de sa prévention dans l'objectif d’un « vieillissement actif », en santé et/ou d’un « bien-vieillir ». Dans cette perspective, nourrie des avancées scientifiques et des transformations sociales, la prévention du vieillissement va intégrer dans les différents textes et dispositifs les activités physiques et sportives (APS) comme outil fondamental. On observe ainsi au détour des années 2000 en France, l’inscription des APS au sein des politiques publiques de prévention. Notre travail se propose de tracer la place des APS dans les différents textes de politique de la vieillesse au niveau international et national pour comprendre quand, comment et pourquoi celles-ci apparaissent incontournables. Nous plaçons aussi la focale sur les différents dispositifs de prévention du vieillissement mobilisant les APS aux différentes échelles des politiques publiques en France. Nous mettons alors au jour la présence d’une multitude d’acteurs publics et privés issus de secteurs d’activités différents et une forte fragmentation des dispositifs ainsi qu’une pluralité de modèles d’interventions dont les formes de coordination restent partielles. / For nearly a century, France has been gradually building its policy on ageing, as the topic took a larger and larger part in the political agenda. It has recently concentrated on prevention, to aim for active ageing, healthy ageing or ageing well. As a result, in a backdrop of scientific progress and social transformations, sports and physical activities have become the main tool of ageing prevention strategies.It was in the 2000’s that sports and physical activities became fully part of the French public policy for prevention. Our research is especially concerned with the international and national ageing policies, which use sports and physical activities as a privileged tool to keep seniors healthy. The aim is to understand when, how and why sports and physical activities became the cornerstone of these policies.We will also focus on the various schemes which rely on sports and physical activities and which are currently implemented across the country at each level of public policy making.We will show that there are a huge number of private and public actors, with all kinds of expertise, who take part in these schemes. The programmes of action are numerous and varied, but appear fragmented and sometimes lacking in coordination.

Meniscus is a fibrocartilaginous tissue which plays an important role in joint stability, lubrication, and load bearing and transmission. Meniscal tears are commonly encountered in sports activities, or caused by degeneration of the cartilage with ageing. They lead to pain, loss of work, disturbed biomechanics of the knee and inability to walk or even move the legs. As the meniscal tissue is avascular in the inner portion, injury to this part does not heal by itself, and therefore treatments are needed. In some cases when complex tears occur, the tissue cannot be successfully treated with the conventional methods. Tissue engineering appears to be a promising alternative to treat such complex tears. It includes the application of cells on scaffolds (or cell carriers), and provision of bioactive agents to the site of injury in order to regenerate the damaged tissue. The cells and the bioactive agents are involved in the synthesis of the new tissue, while the scaffold acts as a support to guide the cells until the new tissue is formed, and it is slowly absorbed by the body leaving the new tissue behind. Thus, a natural tissue is generated at the end. Few studies have been reported on the tissue engineering of meniscus, but neither of them was able to completely mimic the meniscus structure, nor could they succeed in constructing scaffolds with sufficiently high tensile properties. In the current in vitro study, a novel 3D construct was proposed, in which the natural tissue is perfectly mimicked. The 3D construct consisted of aligned collagen fibers embedded within a foam network which stabilizes the structure. The foam was prepared by freezing a polymer solution with a certain concentration, and lyophilizing it. Aligned fibers were aimed to improve the tensile properties. The construct was impregnated in alginate gel, which was then crosslinked, to improve the compressive properties. The foam was prepared from (poly(L-lactic acid)/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLLA/PLGA) solutions of various concentrations (2%, 2.5%, 3%, and 4% w/v) and at different freezing temperatures (-20oC or -80oC) to select the best preparation condition. After analysis of the microstructure and mechanical properties, foams prepared from 3% polymer solution frozen at -20oC were found to be the most appropriate for use as scaffold for the 3D construct, since they had large pores, high and interconnected porosity, as well as high mechanical strength. The 3D constructs were seeded with human meniscus cells and incubated for 21 days. Cell behavior on the constructs was examined. Cell attachment and proliferation was found to be better with the constructs not coated with alginate. However, the constructs coated with alginate demonstrated higher compressive strength. It was also found that incorporation of collagen fibers significantly improved the tensile properties. All the constructs were shown to lead to the production of extracellular components specific for fibrocartilages, and thus it was concluded that they were promising for use in meniscal replacement.

Submitted by VALDERSON SALOMÃO DA SILVA null (zinho.vss@gmail.com) on 2018-01-04T13:22:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Mestrado - Concluída.pdf: 32432172 bytes, checksum: 36225dec82d168595a2efb2deb24b1d9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Aparecida Puerta null (dripuerta@rc.unesp.br) on 2018-01-05T11:12:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_vs_me_rcla.pdf: 32379335 bytes, checksum: b5a99fd5f80a35f136e9e50f0028c96c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-05T11:12:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_vs_me_rcla.pdf: 32379335 bytes, checksum: b5a99fd5f80a35f136e9e50f0028c96c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-21 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O estudo dos sistemas de transporte público como redes geográficas possibilita elucidar uma série de articulações institucionais e observar como os usos do território são seletivos. A consolidação de projetos de ampliação de redes de transporte público, no Brasil, se dá por meio de articulações entre instâncias dentro de um mesmo governo, entre entes federados autônomos e entre o Estado, as empresas e as organizações de solidariedade. Essas relações são ora conflituosas, ora cooperativas, e implicam em padrões de seletividade dos usos do território característicos do atual período histórico e da formação socioespacial brasileira. Os estudos de caso que subsidiam as formulações teóricas desta pesquisa são as propostas de novas infraestruturas de circulação de pessoas do governo do estado de São Paulo, por meio de sua Secretaria de Transportes Metropolitanos. / The study of public transport systems as geographic networks makes it possible to elucidate a series of institutional articulations and to observe how the uses of the territory are selective. Consolidating projects for the expansion of public transport networks, in the Brazilian case, takes place through articulations between instances within the same government; between autonomous federated entities; and between the State, the companies and the organizations of solidarity. These relations are sometimes conflictive, sometimes cooperative. However, they always imply patterns of territorial selectivity, typical of the current period of History and of the Brazilian sociospatial formation. The theoretical formulations of this research use as case studies the proposals of new infrastructures for people circulation that are made by the government of the State of São Paulo, through its Secretary of Metropolitan Transportation. / 133353/2016-8