Orientador: Fabiano Fruett / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T00:04:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nicolau_Murilo_M.pdf: 4612178 bytes, checksum: 32c4dc903e6f634bd499ceae5ef338ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O Brasil é um dos maiores produtores mundiais de frutas e hortaliças. No entanto as perdas de produtos hortículas, devido a danos físicos e estresse térmico, são estimadas em cerca de 30%a 40%, podendo chegar a 50 % para certos produtos. As perdas pós-colheita de hortícolas tem início na sua colheita e pode culminar em seu descarte antes mesmo deste chegar ao consumidor final. O conhecimento das variáveis geradoras deste desperdício, suas influências e inter-relações pode colaborar para minimizar o problema. Apresentamos neste trabalho um instrumento capaz de monitorar os impactos e a temperatura durante a colheita e pós-colheita. Este instrumento, denominado Fruta Eletrônica, foi projetado para ser uma ferramenta acessível ao produtor rural. A esfera instrumentada mede e armazena impactos tri-axiais na faixa de 0,5g até 250g e temperatura na faixa de 0° C até 80º C. Testes em campo realizados em uma linha de beneficiamento de laranjas na cidade de Eng. Coelho, SP, mostram que esse instrumento pode fornecer informações úteis que colaboram na identificação dos pontos de estresse mecânico e térmico, os quais os frutos são submetidos. / Abstract: Brazil is one of the largest worldwide producers of fruit and vegetables. However, the loss of horticultural products due to physical damage and thermal stress is estimated at about 30 % to 40 %, even 50 % for certain products. The process that degrades the quality of vegetables starts during its harvest and can culminate in its disposal even before reaching the final consumer. The knowledge of the variables that act in this waste generating process, their influences and inter-relationships can help to minimize the problem. In this work, we present a tool capable of monitoring the impacts and temperature during the postharvest. This instrument, called Fruta Eletrônica, was designed to be an accessible tool for the farmers. This instrument measures and stores triaxial impacts from 0.5 g to 250 g and temperatures between 0 °C and 80 °C. Field tests, carried out in an orange packing line treatment in Eng. Coelho city, show that this instrument can provide useful information to assist identifying the points of mechanical and thermal stress in which fruits are submitted. / Mestrado / Eletrônica, Microeletrônica e Optoeletrônica / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Culture involves the handing down of information, traditions, knowledge and skill, views and ideals from one individual to another and across generations by means of social transmission expressed in manufactured objects and behaviour. The evolution of cumulative culture, a human specific capacity, makes possible an inheritance system that is governed by the same Darwinian principles as biological evolution. Cumulative culture has made possible the build-up or ratcheting effect of knowledge and traditions that when put together allow for advanced technology, medicine, education and other highly advanced cognitive processes that characterise humans from non human animals. This dissertation dedicates the first chapter to review the literature pertaining to this topic; describing various types of social learning processes and methodological approaches that are used to query and broadly describe the process of culture in various animals. The following two chapters (2 and 3) present three experiments that provide methodical and systematic exploration of the social transmission process which occurs in chimpanzees; using 3 artificial foraging devices, the 3 studies systematically demonstrate that chimpanzees have the capacity to transmit culture from one individual to another and serially across neighbouring communities- providing laboratory evidence of behavioural variation analogous to that observed in the wild. Chapter 4 then goes on to describe an experiment that tests a number of hypothesised biases in cultural transmission. Looking specifically at social dynamics at play during the transmission of skill within ape groups - I systematically analyse the effects of directed social learning; focusing on kin and status based strategies that are characteristic of group living apes. Chapter 5 is an original, empirical and methodically comparative analysis of hierarchically organized behaviour in human children and chimpanzees using a hierarchically organized artificial fruit. The final chapter (6) discusses the findings of each of the five experiments and compares the results to findings at other captive and wild research sites. I then broaden the topic to explore how the findings relate to broad issues in literature and provide a framework for future research and for understanding the complex mechanisms of intelligent systems.