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[pt] DESENVOLVIMENTO DE FLUXOGRAMA PARA BENEFICIAMENTO DE RESÍDUOS DA CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL / [en] DEVELOPMENT OF FLOW CHART FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF WASTE CONSTRUCTIONRICARDO FREDERICO ARAUJO LANZELLOTTI 21 December 2005 (has links)
[pt] Qualquer atividade humana é por natureza geradora de
resíduos. As atividades
industriais são um dos grandes geradores de resíduos,
sejam sólidos, líquidos
ou gasosos, os quais devem ser gerenciados corretamente
visando à
minimização de custos e redução do potencial de geração de
impactos
ambientais. De acordo com as Leis 6.938/81, que institui a
Política Nacional do
Meio Ambiente, e a 9.605/98, que trata dos crimes
ambientais, a
responsabilidade pela reparação de qualquer dano
ambiental, independente do
fato gerador, a empresa será chamada para remediar
qualquer passivo gerado
devida à má gestão de resíduos, onde a responsabilidade da
empresa não cessa
quando estes deixam suas instalações, incluindo sua
destinação final. Desta
forma a reciclagem de materiais da construção civil deve
ser subsidiada por um
programa bem mais amplo, onde envolva além do
processamento dos resíduos,
a recuperação de áreas degradadas com limpeza; a
implantação de áreas
destinadas à recepção de materiais oriundos da construção
civil, reduzindo a
necessidade de áreas públicas usadas como aterro. O
desenvolvimento de
técnicas que visem a redução dos impactos ambientais
causados tanto pela
geração de resíduos como pela extração de agregados
naturais, são de
significativa importância uma vez que a legislação vigente
indica este caminho
como o único a ser seguido. Desta forma desenvolveu-se um
fluxograma para o
beneficiamento do resíduo da construção civil visando a
produção de agregado
reciclado miúdo a ser utilizado na confecção de argamassas
e concretos em
substituição, total ou parcial, da areia sem perdas
significantes na resistência a
esforços mecânicos. / [en] Any human activity is by nature generating of residues.
The industrial activies are
one of the great generators of residues, be solid, liquids
or gaseous, which
should be correctly management seeking to minimize costs
and reduction of the
potential generation in environmental impacts. In
agreement with the law
6.938/81, that establish the National Politics of the
environmental, and the
9.605/81, that´s treats of the environmental crimes, the
responsibility for the
repair of any environmental damage, independent of the
generating fact, the
company will be called to remedy any passive one generated
owed to the bad
administration of residues, where the responsibility of
the company doesn´t
cease when these leave your facilities, including your
final destination. This way
the recycling of materials construction should be
subsidized by a much wider
program, where it involves besides the processing of the
residues, the recovery
areas degraded with cleaning; the implantation of areas
destined to the
reception of materials originating from constructions,
reducing the need public
areas used as embankment. The development of techniques
that`s seek the
reduction of the environmental impacts caused so much by
the generation of
residues as for the extraction of natural aggregate, they
are of significant
importance once the effective legislation indicates this
only way to be
proceeded. The development of the improvement waste
construction seeking the
production of small recycled aggregate to be used in
making of mortars and
concretes in substitution, total or partial, of the sand
without significant losses in
the resistance to mechanical efforts.
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Approche quantitative par spectrométrie Vis-NIR des minéraux argileux et uranifères dans les sables du gisement de Tortkuduk, Kazakhstan / Quantitative approach using Vis-NIR spectrometry of clay and uranium-bearing minerals in the sands of the Tortkuduk deposit, KazakhstanHebert, Benoit 17 May 2018 (has links)
Les gisements de type roll-front du Kazakhstan représentent près de 13% des réserves mondiales en uranium en 2015. Les minéraux argileux, présents à chaque étape du cycle minier, ont récemment suscité l’intérêt des exploitants. L’étude de la distribution et des proportions de ces minéraux dans les sédiments à l’échelle d’un gisement permettraient d’améliorer à la fois l’exploration, l’exploitation et la réhabilitation de ce type de gisement.Différentes méthodes ont été développées pour identifier et quantifier les minéraux d’intérêt à partir de la spectrométrie infrarouge (IR), une technique instrumentale rapide, adaptée à une utilisation sur le terrain. Ces méthodes ont été calibrées à l’aide d’une large base de données de spectres IR et la préparation de sables artificiels.Il est possible d’obtenir, à partir d’une seule mesure spectrale, la teneur en argiles des sables et particulièrement celle en smectite afin d’identifier les zones les plus riches et adapter l’extraction de l’uranium. L’ensemble de ces méthodes permettent de réaliser des cartographies de la répartition des minéraux argileux à l’échelle du gisement pour comprendre sa géométrie et sa mise en place.La migration des corps minéralisés à l’échelle régionale a été mise en évidence par spectrométrie de résonance paramagnétique, avec l’étude des défauts structuraux engendrés par la proximité des minéraux argileux avec les minéraux uranifères. / Uranium roll-front type sandstone-hosted deposits from Kazakhstan account for about 13% of the worldwide uranium reserve in 2015. Clay minerals occur at every step of the mining cycle and recently begun to be considered by mining companies.The proportions and distribution of these clay minerals in the sediments at the roll-front deposit scale could improve the exploration, exploitation and rehabilitation of such uranium deposits.Several methods were developed to identify and quantify minerals using a portable near-infrared spectrometer, a convenient and fast analytical tool for use in the field. These methods were calibrated with the help of a wide spectral database and the conception of artificial sands.The clay mineral content, and more importantly, the smectite content can be obtained from a single spectral measurement. It enables the detection of smectite-rich areas to optimise the uranium extraction process where they occur. Combination of the methods provide a mapping tool for clay minerals at the ore deposit scale, yielding information about its actual geometry and formation.Uranium ore bodies migration was observed at the ore deposit scale with the use of the electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Crystalline radiation induced defects in clay minerals that were in close contact with uranium showed records of the past migration.
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