Notre recherche sur les pratiques d’évaluations informelles orales d’enseignants, apporte une contribution pour décrire, expliquer, comprendre les modalités et les dynamiques de l’enseignement dans leurs relations aux élèves en cours d’apprentissages. Nous posons la conjecture suivante : « Sur une année scolaire, les pratiques d’enseignement évaluatives informelles orales d’enseignants relèvent de la dynamique qui s’établit entre leurs ressources personnelles et professionnelles, leurs environnements d’exercice professionnel et des « émergents » en situations d’enseignement-apprentissage ». Quatre enseignants de C.E.2 ont été filmés, chacun neuf fois sur une année, à raison de trois séances : une de Français, une de Mathématiques et une d’Éducation Physique et Sportive, par trimestre. Nous étudions les « Unités Évaluative Orale » qui allient verbal et non-verbal. Les ressources professionnelles des enseignants s’actualisent par l’étude de leurs Sentiments d’Efficacité Personnelle (S.E.P.). Leur environnement d’exercice professionnel est perçu à travers les statuts qu’ils attribuent à leurs élèves.Ces enseignants évaluent fréquemment, en sont à l’initiative, leurs énoncés sont brefs, parfois implicites (le non-verbal permettant d’en saisir le sens). Ce sont les « faibles » qui sont les plus évalués. La fréquence des évaluations est moindre en E.P.S.. Le plus souvent, lorsque les S.E.P. sont élevés, les évaluations sont « positives » et adressées aux « forts » ; lorsque les S.E.P. sont modérés, les évaluations sont « négatives », principalement en E.P.S. ; lorsque les S.E.P. sont faibles, les évaluations sont « négatives » et s’adressent à la « classe entière ». / Our research about the informal oral assessment practices of teachers is contributing to describe, explain, understand modalities and dynamics of teaching into their links to learning students.We state the following conjecture : "During a scholarly year, informal oral assessment practices of teachers belong to dynamic between teacher's personal and professional resources, their professional environments and "what is emerging" in teaching-learning situations".Four 3rd class teachers have been filmed, each of them nine a year, for three lessons: French, Mathematics and Physical Education each trimester. We study "Oral Assessment Unities" linking verbal and non verbal. Teacher's professional resources are updated by research of their own self efficacy. Their professional environment is sensed through the status that they give to their students.These teachers are frequently assessing, of their own initiative, their reports are short, sometime implicit (non verbal contributing to get meaning). “Low" pupils are most frequently assessed. Teachers are less assessing in Physical Education. More often, when self efficacy is high, assessments are "positive" for "high" pupils; when self efficacy is moderated, assessments are "negative" mainly in Physical Education; when self efficacy is "low", assessments are "negative" for the entire class.

Organisational and individual Health and Safety (H&S) competence is an essential element to the successful completion of a construction project in a safe way and without hazards to the health of all workforce. Under the Construction (Design and Management) (CDM) Regulations 2007, the client should take reasonable steps to ensure that the appointed duty-holders and engaged people are H&S competent to design, build or co-ordinate the project. Although the CDM Regulations 2007 and its Approved Code of Practice (ACoP) have established ‘Core Criteria’ to guide the client to assess duty-holders’ H&S competence in the outset of a project, it is still difficult for most inexperienced clients to discharge the duty of making the key decisions in H&S competence assessment. In order to help the client implement H&S competence assessment, it is important to develop a tool that can effectively and efficiently support the client to make reasonable decisions in the selection of H&S competent duty-holders. According to the findings of the case study of existing formal H&S competence assessment schemes undertaken as part of this work, H&S competence assessment was characterised as a subjective, qualitative and non-linear regulation-compliance checking process. In addition, the case study helped identify the latent shortcomings in the ‘Core Critiera’ and the operational drawbacks in current practice of implementing H&S competence assessment. Based on a review of Information Technology (I.T.) and Artificial Intelligence (A.I.) applications in construction, Knowledge-Based System (KBS) is identified as being a suitable tool to support decision-making in H&S competence assessment, mainly due to its appropriateness to solve regulation-compliance checking problems and support subjective and qualitative decision-making process. Following a decision-making framework for H&S competence assessment, a KBS decision-support model was developed, applying three mechanisms to support the reasonable decision-making for H&S competence assessment. In order to develop an appropriate and practical KBS for H&S competence assessment, a textual knowledge base was developed, specifying the minimum satisfaction standards and a rating indicator system for ‘Core Criteria’. As a result, an online KBS was developed using Java Server Pages (JSP) technology and MySQL. The online KBS applied the textual knowledge base to support the screen, rating, ranking and reporting decision-supporting mechanisms. Simultaneously, the case inquiry and expert inquiry facilities were also included in the KBS for effective decision-making. Finally, construction experts and practitioners in H&S management evaluated the validity and usability of the KBS through a questionnaire survey. The prototype KBS was borne out to be an effective and efficient decision-support tool for H&S competence assessment and have the potential to be applied in practice.