Factoring is a financial tool, which allows companies to gain money before the maturity of the invoices issued by them. Factoring can be provided as a regression or non-recourse. The accounting of factoring is based on the form of factoring. Recognition should be fundamentally based on economic substance of transactions rather than the legal status declared for example by contracts. Non-recourse factoring is based on assignment of receivables and regressive factoring is rather receivables management. The issue of accounting for factoring is not yet finally resolved officially.

This diploma thesis is focused on overdue receivables of the selected entity, especially from the tax perspective. The theoretical part deals with the key concepts used in this thesis. The analytical part describes the current method of dealing with overdue receivables of the selected entity from the tax point of view. The practical part contains recommendations for tax optimization of the entity’s receivables.

Technique de connection d'un élément juridique à son environnement, l'opposabilité présente un caractère crucial pour les opérations translatives de créances en ce que l'efficacité de l'opération va en dépendre dans un contexte d'enchevêtrement des relations juridiques. L'accomplissement d'une formalité d'opposabilité, distincte du transfert de propriété inter partes et de la possession, va permettre à l'opération de s'intégrer dans le système juridique en paralysant certains événements telles les cessions concurrentes et la procédure collective du cédant. L'allègement constaté du formalisme d'opposabilité appelle une protection adéquate des droits des tiers. La cession ne sera pas hermétique à son milieu, puisque l'opposabilité de certains éléments juridiques va avoir un impact sur l'opération conclue par les parties. Consolidée par la technique d'opposabilité, la cession sera vulnérable au rayonnement de l'objet du transfert ainsi qu'à certains droits réels et personnels externes. / As a technique connecting a legal element to its environment, "opposabilité" is a crucial caracter to assignment of receivables, as it will determine the efficiency of the operation in a context of entanglement of legal relations. The accomplishment of an "opposabilité" formality, distinct from the transfer of the property right between the parties and from possession, will enable the transfert to integrate the legal system by paralysing certains events, as for example competing assignments or the bankruptcy of the assignor. The identified lightening of the "opposabilité" formalism requires an adequate protection of the rights of third parties. The assignment will not be hermetic to its environment, as the radiation of certain legal elements will have an impact ont the contract concluded by the parties. Consolidated by the "opposabilité" technique, the assignment will remain vulnerable to the influence of the object of the transfert and to external real and personal rights.

Avant d’accorder un crédit, tout créancier entend naturellement s’assurer que la restitution des sommes prêtées sera effective quelle que soit la situation de l’emprunteur le jour de l’exigibilité du remboursement. C’est particulièrement l’hypothèse de l’ouverture d’une procédure collective à l’encontre du débiteur emprunteur qui concentre les craintes des créanciers. La socialisation croissante du droit des entreprises en difficulté a en effet sensiblement réduit l’efficacité des sûretés réelles traditionnelles en cas de faillite du débiteur. C’est dans ce contexte que les créanciers ont cherché ailleurs une sûreté réelle susceptible de satisfaire à leur exigence de sécurité. Le trust d’une part, la fiducie d’autre part, pouvaient apparaître comme des oasis de tranquillité en période de troubles financiers affectant le débiteur. Universitaires et praticiens ont alors redécouvert les vertus du transfert de propriété réalisé à des fins de garantie, et plus précisément la cession fiduciaire de créance. / Before granting a loan, any creditor naturally intends to ensure that the return of the money lent will be effective regardless of the situation of the borrower on the day of the repayment of the refund. This is particularly the case of the opening of insolvency proceedings against the debtor which concentrates the creditors fears. The increasing socialization of the insolvency law has indeed significantly reduced the effectiveness of traditional collateral in case of bankruptcy of the debtor. It is in this context that the creditors have also sought a security that would satisfy their security requirements. The trust one hand, the other hand trust, could appear as oasis of tranquility in times of financial turmoil affecting the debtor. Academics and practitioners then rediscovered the virtues of transfer of title made for guarantee purposes, specifically fiduciary assignment of receivables.

The aim of this thesis is to provide detailed analysis of selected legal aspects with practical importance of the assignment of business receivables. Particular topics are focused on problematic legal features of cession, that have so far not been sufficiently elaborated in expert literature, mainly with regards to the impacts of the recent transformation of the Czech civil law. The issues are approached as comparison between the previous law and the current law, which is in force since 1st January 2014, alongside taking account of solutions for chosen issues under German law.