The effect of welfare policies is evident in the behaviours of welfare recipients and in their patterns of health. Yet there are very few studies with up to date analyses on the health consequences of the mid-1990s welfare reform in Canada. This study examines the effects of welfare income and welfare reforms on health outcomes of welfare recipients. I use National Population Health Survey (NPHS) in 1996 to present a baseline health differences by welfare status. I later utilize the mid-1900s welfare reform in a natural experiment setting to examine the health outcomes of welfare poor and working poor respondents. By using provincial welfare reform intensities, I detect exogenous variation that can indicate the effect of a greater reduction in welfare funding on health outcomes. Overall, my results show a strong correlation between welfare income and health outcomes, but policy makers must be cautious when interpreting causality.

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The last decade has witnessed a substantial increase in the use of military airpower for peace enforcement. Coalition airstrikes in the 1991 Gulf War, the use of NATO airpower against Bosnian-Serbs in 1995 and Yugoslavia in 1999, and the use on US-led airpower in the recent conflict in Afghanistan, are all examples of this trend. / The use of airpower presents important implications for the laws of armed conflict while having consequences for the internationally-sanctioned delivery of humanitarian relief to war victims. Has the use of airpower increasingly limited civilian casualties since the Gulf War? Are humanitarian operations possible doting coalition air campaigns? / While centered on Protocol I of the Geneva Conventions and the work of the International Committee of the Red Cross, this thesis will identify and examine legal gaps and humanitarian tensions. An evaluation will be conducted of the behavior and results of coalition airpower and of relief agency access.

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In this master`s work, social assistance conception of Lithuania is didcussed, reasons of demand of social assistance are given, social assistance systems and rules for giving payments of foreign countries are analysed and systematyzed, estimation method of the efficiency of social assistance system and particular payments is presented. The paper includes the analysis of monetary assistance for families in Lithuania in 1999 – 2004. The hypothesis that the existing income compensatory rate reduces work incentives was confirmed.

Prolonged experience of high and long-term unemployment has led many governments to a renewed interest in active labour market policies. In particular, targeted wage subsidies have been seen as a means of both directly getting longterm unemployed people into work, and improving their future prospects of finding and keeping jobs. We examine three issues. Firstly, we look at the macroeconomic theory of targeted wage subsidies, and, to a lesser extent, job search assistance, within efficiency wage, union bargaining and search theoretic frameworks. Subsidies directly increase labour demand, but we also find that their effectiveness is enhanced by general equilibrium effects from targeting: wage pressure is reduced; and the average quality of the unemployed pool rises as long-term unemployed workers are removed from it, increasing the incentives for other firms to open vacancies. Secondly we address the optimal degree of policy targeting, using an extension of the Mortensen-Pissarides job creation and destruction model. We argue that there are real gains to targeting the long-term unemployed, but also diminishing returns. Hence, as the level of policy expenditure rises, the extent of targeting should fall. Simulating the model for the UK, we find that policy could have a significant impact on equilibrium unemployment, with more modest welfare gains. Finally, we look at longer-term employability effects by evaluating the Australian Special Youth Employment Training Program (SYETP). Controlling for selection bias using a bivariate probit, we find that participation increased the chances of having a job by 26% between 8 and 13 months after subsidy expiry, and 20% a year later. Much of this gain arose from retention of initially subsidised jobs, but even excluding this, participants were significantly more likely to be employed in subsequent years than if they had not gone on the programme.

Based on Bayer and Gerstein's (1988a) Bystander-Equity Model of Supervisory Helping Behavior, this study examined the relationship between characteristics of Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs), supervisors, workers, and the EAP referral process. These theorists suggest that individual and environmental variables interact in a dynamic fashion and that one result of this process is a management-initiated EAP referral. Specifically, it was hypothesized that managerial status, type of troubled worker, and EAP location would affect supervisors' likelihood to refer hypothetical impaired employees to an EAP.Graduate students (N = 222) were asked to imagine themselves as supervisors (upper, middle, or front-line) employed by a fictitious manufacturing firm. They were also asked to imagine that they were responsible for some hypothetical workers described in a set of scenarios. Each participant received one of three sets of scenarios (cocaine abuser, alcohol abuser, or job-impaired worker). Additionally, half of the participants were told that their EAP was corporately owned and company-based, and that the personnel were employees of the firm. The other half were told that their EAP was contracted-out to independent practitioners (i.e., not employees of the company), and that the program was community-based. Upon review of each scenario, respondents were asked to indicate their likelihood (OZ-100%) of referring a particular hypothetical employee to their fictitious EAP.Results of an ANOVA revealed no significant interactions. As expected, however, two main effects for type of substance abuse and managerial level were found. Participants were more likely to refer cocaine abusers to an EAP than alcohol or non-substance abusing hypothetical employees. Referral rates were also found to be higher for alcohol abusing workers as compared to non-substance abusers. Additionally, it was discovered that front-line managers were more likely to make referrals as contrasted with upper-level managers. There was no effect found for the location of the EAP.Based on these findings a number of theoretical explanations were offered as were empirical and programmitic implications. Limitations of this project were discussed in terms of the analogue methodology, the single dependent measure (i.e., likelihood to refer), the stimulus materials, and the sample population used. / Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services

This thesis will undertake to ascertain the importance assigned to gender equality within the aid effectiveness architecture, and specifically within the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness. It will seek to critically analyse the interplay of gender equality with three key components of the architecture- its parties, process and priorities. Using an international feminist legal lens, this critical analysis will seek to interrogate why the advancement of gender equality continues to remain excluded from the ongoing international development discourse, yet, it is argued that people-centered development will only be realised if it remains at the heart of international development law, policy and practice. / Graduate

Bibliography: leaves 173-198. / xii, 198 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / A theoretical and empirical study of the roles of foreign aid, trade and investment for East Timor's economic reconstruction and development after the 1999 crisis. This study finds that openness to international trade and investment helps channel new ideas and improves terms of trade, and is crucial for East Timor's sustained development path. It is also shown that fostering democratic institutions and facilitating private sector entrepreneurship all reinforce each other. Well developed regional and multilateral trading arrangements have the potential to contribute positively to the process. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Adelaide University, Dept. of Economics, 2001