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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly advancing and is poised to transform healthcare. This thesis explores the current and future role of AI in medicine, radiology, and mammography, as well as the bioethical considerations surrounding its use. The introduction provides an overview of AI and its applications in medicine, followed by a discussion of how AI is being used in clinical care including its potential for improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs. The thesis then delves into AI in radiology, specifically its use in image interpretation, diagnosis, triaging, and treatment planning. The role of AI in mammography is also explored, focusing on its potential for improving the accuracy of breast cancer detection and diagnosis, as well as the aspect of patient communication and education. The future of AI in healthcare is also discussed including potential challenges such as the need for high quality unbiased data and the ethical considerations surrounding AI’s use. The bioethical considerations surrounding AI in healthcare are explored including issues related to privacy, autonomy, and bias. Finally, the thesis concludes with a discussion of what can be expected from the future of AI in medicine and the implications for healthcare professionals, patients, and society. In summary, this thesis provides a comprehensive overview of the current and future role of AI in medicine, radiology, mammography, and patient care while highlighting the importance of addressing bioethical considerations as this technology continues to evolve and make its way into our lives. / Urban Bioethics

Artificial intelligence (AI) is quickly transforming business operations and society, as AI capabilities are incorporated into applications ranging from mobile personal assistants to self-driving cars. The potentially disruptive nature of AI calls for an extensive investigation into all aspects of AI-human interactions at individual, group, organizational and market levels. However, there is paucity of academic information systems (IS) research in this area that goes beyond the development and testing of specific narrow AI capabilities. AI represents an important opportunity for organizational and behavioral IS researchers, but also presents challenges associated with the underlying complexity of AI technologies and the diversity of AI applications. Understanding how existing AI research and business practice relate to traditional areas of IS research is an important step towards creating a comprehensive behavioral and organizational AI research agenda. This dissertation seeks to achieve a dual purpose in a series of three essays. Essay 1 seeks to understand the current state of business AI research and practice in business through a quantitative literature review, relate the findings to traditional IS research areas, and identify potentially fruitful research areas for AI-focused IS research. Essays 2 and 3 seek to address specific research questions related to one of such research areas, namely, human interactions with AI enabled applications. Essay 2 focus on user experience with a chatbot, a popular AI application, and Essay 3 explores how user experiences with AI assistant apps differ from their interactions with more traditional IT artifacts.

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This paper examines what it is like to be an assistant director. The play, The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time was adapted from a book by Mark Hadden that is structured as if the main character was the writer. The stage production reworks that concept and turns it into a “play within a play”. The story is about a boy named Christopher, his broken family and his struggle with autism. When the director, Cara Harker first approached me about being an assistant director, I struggled with anxiety and not feeling like I had a real place in the show. After some time working with the director, I found my place in the production and learned a lot about directing.

The purpose of the study was to test an intrinsically-motivated interaction approach, designed to increase distance education support, for both content and motivation, in a cost-effective manner. The literature summarized shows that distance education students desire content and motivational support beyond course materials and are limited in their success without it. Further, while researchers explore increased interaction as a solution, professors usually do not have time for it and attempts to provide it are often restricted by institutions' limited resources. Very little has been published on the effects of distance education tutors and the need for more research in this area has been noted, especially with regards to cost-effective, scalable service models. Even when attempts to increase interaction are successful, they are usually achieved by requiring participation in online discussion boards, making them mechanical and frustrating to students. The proposed solution is an on-demand tutoring service to increase (a) achievement, (b) completion, (c) satisfaction and (d) cost-effectiveness. Participants included Brigham Young University Independent Study students enrolled in a college algebra (MATH 110) course. A quasi-experimental research design, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), graphing techniques, correlation, and chi square analyses were used to determine the effects of the on-demand tutoring intervention. No statistically significant differences were apparent in the midterm scores, final exam scores, satisfaction ratings, or completion rates. However, despite unexpectedly low usage, the tutor appears to have been an adequate substitute for the professor in answering students' questions, and the potential for providing cost-effective on-demand tutoring services seems attainable. A summary of the study's strengths and weaknesses provides insights for improved practice and future research.

Bakgrund: Studien fokuserar på personalomsättningen i små och medelstora revisionsbyråer. Den fokuserar också på vilka anledningar det finns till att vissa revisorer arbetar kvar medan andra slutar inom revisionsbyråerna. Personalomsättningen är en viktig aspekt att belysa inom revisionsbranschen eftersom branschen ligger på höga nivåer jämfört med andra branscher. Både en hög och en låg personalomsättning kan medföra olika typer av problem. Syfte: Syftet är att bidra med ny och fördjupad kunskap om personalomsättningen i små och medelstora revisionsbyråer.  Metod: Studien är uppbyggd med en deduktiv ansats och en kvalitativ forskningsmetod. Utöver den tidigare forskningen kring för- och nackdelar med små företag har vi identifierat tre teorier; psykologiska anknytningsteorin, rollteorin och mentorskapsteorin som mest används för att studera detta inom revisionsforskningen. Vi kommer därför att ha dessa som utgångspunkt. I studien kommer kvalitativa intervjuer i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer att användas som en teknik för att samla in den data som behövs. Intervjuer genomförs med fem revisorer som har valt att lämna yrket och med fem revisorer som fortfarande arbetar kvar inom revisionsbranschen. Slutsats: Det har framkommit av studien att personalomsättningen inom revisionsbranschen upplevs vara hög. Åsikterna skiljer sig en aning mellan revisorerna som slutat och revisorerna som arbetar kvar i revisionsbranschen gällande personalomsättningen i små och medelstora revisionsbyråer. Utifrån framtagandet av en modell har studien kunnat identifiera ett antal faktorer som anses vara extra viktiga för dem som fortfarande arbetar kvar, likaså har det framkommit faktorer som kan påverka revisorers intentioner till att sluta. Det har även upptäckts nya faktorer som kan påverka revisorerna utöver de faktorer som har framkommit i teorierna. / Background: The study focuses on staff turnover in small and medium-sized auditing firms. It also focuses on the reasons why there are some auditors who continue to work while others leave the audit firms. Staff turnover is an important aspect to highlight in the auditing industry, as the industry is at high levels compared to other industries. Both high and low staff turnover can cause different types of problems. Purpose: The purpose is to contribute with new and in-depth knowledge of staff turnover in small and medium-sized auditing firms. Method: The study is structured with a deductive approach and a qualitative research method. In addition to previous research on the pros and cons of small business, we have identified three theories; psychological attachment theory, role theory and mentorship theory are most commonly used to study this in audit research. We will therefore have these as a starting point. In the study, qualitative interviews in the form of semi-structured interviews will be used as a technique to collect the data needed. Interviews are conducted with five auditors who have chosen to leave the profession and with five auditors who still work in the auditing industry. Conclusion: It has emerged from the study that staff turnover in the auditing industry is perceived to be high. Opinions differ slightly between the retired auditors and the auditors who remain in the auditing industry regarding staff turnover in small and medium-sized auditing firms. Based on the development of a model, the study has been able to identify a number of factors that are considered to be extra important for those who are still working, as well as factors that may influence auditors' intentions to quit. New factors have also been discovered that can affect the auditors in addition to the factors that have emerged in the theories.

Today voice recognition is becoming mainstream and nowadays it is also possible to include in individual smartphone apps. However, it has not previously been investigated for which tasks it is preferable from a usability perspective to use voice recognition rather than touch. In order to investigate this, a voice user interface was created for a smartphone radio application, which already had a touch interface. The voice user interface was also tested with users in order to improve its usability. After that, a test was conducted where the participants were asked to perform the same tasks using both the touch and voice interface. The time they took to complete the tasks was measured and the participants rated the experience of completing the task on a scale. Finally, they were asked which interaction method they preferred. For most of the tasks tested, the voice interaction was both faster and got a higher rating. However, it should be noted that in a case where users don’t have specific tasks to perform it might be harder for them to know what a voice controlled app can and cannot do than when they are using touch. Many users also expressed that they were reluctant to use voice commands in public spaces out of fear of appearing strange. These results can be applied to other radio/podcast apps and, to a lesser extent, app for watching TV series and playing music. / Röststyrningen blir vanligare och numera är den också möjligt att använda i individuella appar för smartphones. Det har dock inte tidigare undersökts för vilka uppgifter det ur ett användbarhetsperspektiv är att föredra framför pekskärmsinteraktion. För att undersöka det skapades ett röstinterface för en radiooch podcast applikation som redan hade ett pekskärmsinterface. Röstinterfacet testades också med användare för att förbättra dess användbarhet. Efter det gjordes ett test där deltagarna blev ombedda att utföra samma uppgift med både pekskärm- och röstinterface. Den tid de tog på sig uppmättes och deltagarna betygsatte upplevelsen av att utföra uppgiften på en skala. Slutligen blev de tillfrågade omvilken interaktionsmetod de föredrog. För de flesta av de testade uppgifterna var röstinteraktion snabbare och fick högre betyg. Det ska dock noteras att i fall då användaren inte har specifika uppgifter att utföra kan det vara svårare för dem att veta vad en röststyrd app kan och inte kan göra än när de använder pekskärm. Många användare uttryckte också att de var motvilliga till att använda röstkommandon i allmänna utrymmen av rädsla föratt verka underliga. Dessa resultat kan tillämpas på radio/podcast appar och, i mindre utsträckning, appar för att titta på TV-serier och spela musik.