It is estimated that over half of bicycle crashes are not reported. There are various reasons for this, such as no property damage or physical injuries sustained. In order to improve the likelihood that bicycle riders will report a crash, I have developed Urban Bike Buddy, a smartphone application which uses the internal sensors of the device to detect a crash. The application interacts with Alexa to help guide the user through the crash reporting process. The innovative features of my work are the ability to initiate communication with Alexa without user interaction. In addition, there is an intersection controller that has been connected to extra hardware that allows bicycle riders to request a crossing signal during their approach based on the speed that they are riding. These features add value to bicycle riders, and will help contribute to a safer environment for bicycle riders, automobiles, and pedestrians as well.

Since 1998 there has been a dramatic increase in the numbers of paid, additional, support staff, employed in Scottish primary schools as successive Scottish governments have attempted to raise standards by freeing teachers from administrative and ‘housekeeping’ duties and allowing them to teach. Of these additional staff, currently just over 4000 are classroom assistants, with a remit to provide general class learning and teaching support, including social inclusion and pupil discipline, under the direction of a fully registered teacher. Classroom assistants in Scotland are almost exclusively White women, typically aged 31-50, but concentrated in the 41-50 age range, partnered and with children of school age. These women exist on the margins of school hierarchies as witnessed by short-term contracts, low pay, limited access to formal training and low status. Nevertheless, many classroom assistants seem willing to accept poor working conditions as a trade off for family friendly working hours. Given these working conditions the study sought to consider several key questions: • Why are classroom assistants willing to undertake work that has low status, low pay and insecurity? • How do classroom assistants create and maintain a sense of integrity and commitment to their work? • How do classroom assistants create and sustain positive social and professional identities in this context? • Why do classroom assistants appear to be complicit, to some extent, in their own oppression? To achieve this the study used a critical ethnographic methods to explore the lived experiences of 13 classroom assistants as they supported pupils in two Scottish primary schools. The key insights were firstly that a Bourdieuian account of class, combined with an understanding of patriarchy, provided an explanation of these women’s labour market decisions. In addition, ‘preference theory’, was rejected in favour of a range of constraints, particularly having children and the associated childcare costs, that were considered much more important factors. Secondly, classroom assistants performed versions of ‘emphasised femininity’ as part of their identity as ‘classroom assistants’. Thirdly, the notion of ‘respectability’ was a crucial analytical tool in explaining not only these women’s constant struggle for recognition, but also their continuing oppression. And finally, classroom assistants told a particular type of talk, the ‘atrocity story’, which contributed to the social production of occupational boundaries. The study concluded that from their position of insecure and poorly paid employment, classroom assistants justified and reconciled their position by drawing on talk of moral superiority associated with mothering and caring to construct and perform identities that created the spaces and boundaries from which they positioned themselves as superior to both parents and teachers. As a result they were able to negotiate their roles within the micro-political world of the school.

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Thesis (M.Sc.)--Boston University, Henry M. Goldman School of Graduate Dentistry, 1985 (Dental Public Health). / Includes bibliographical references: (leaves 70-74). / The purpose of this study was to determine whether the changes currently evolving in the delivery of dental care are affecting the way in which dental assistants are being utilized and, if so, whether the training offered in accredited dental assisting programs is meeting the needs and demands of　the system. It was intended that the results of this study would be useful in determining future directions for dental assisting as a career, and in invoking changes in dental assisting education to improve satisfaction of both dentists and dental assistants. The research was conducted via survey questionnaires which were mailed to 300 randomly selected dentists in Grand Rapids, Michigan and Boston, Massachusetts.　The survey items focused on the dentists’ backgrounds and attitudes toward dental assistant utilization; numbers and credentials of dental assistants employed; and current utilization patterns of dental assistants. The results were summarized with descriptive statistics, frequencies and distributions, and analyzed using chi-square and tests of correlation. It appeared　that　changes in dental education and in modes of delivery of dental services had little effect on patterns of dental assistant utilization and, moreover, that the emphasis of the A.D.A. accreditation standards for dental assisting education programs was congruent with the demands of　the surveyed dental practitioners. It was further apparent that although dentists had positive attitudes　toward dental assistant utilization, they appeared to be unaware of the status of state regulations governing utilization of dental auxiliaries, and generally underutilize the skills of trained assistants. This paper addresses these and other issues of concern to dental assistants, dental assisting educators and dentists.　The results of　this study provide a foundation for many areas of future research.

In the present study, a practicum was conducted to teach students to design and implement a behavior change project. Procedures similar to the Willis et al. (1975) course and the Zimmerman et al. (1971) workshop were used to teach students how to design acceptable behavior change projects. Since both studies indicated that students can design practical projects, the author chose to solely investigate the students’ performances while implementing behavior change projects in fieldwork settings. Specifically, this study reports the effects of proctor feeding (proctoring in conjunction with the specification of the desired student behaviors) on college students' accuracy of implementation of a behavior change project in a fieldwork setting.

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A "Tutor Manual" was developed to facilitate the small group learning experience in the laboratory and tutorial component of the introductory Anatomy and Physiology Nursing course at McMaster University. The manual included a comprehensive discussion of the information and important concepts in the laboratory and tutorial sessions, and provided guidelines on how to facilitate the group effectively in its consideration of the topics. Theoretical educational concepts were considered in the development of this manual, including: lifelong learning; principles of adult learning; the use of small-group discussion in teaching and learning; the role of the facilitator: and the use of objectives. / Thesis / Master of Science (Teaching)