Dans un contexte mondial de vieillissement de la population, de nombreuses recherches sont menées pour améliorer la qualité de vie des personnes âgées résidant en institution, mais peu de ces travaux développent une approche architecturale. Cette recherche a pour but de proposer de nouvelles manières d’aménager ces lieux de vie, en rupture avec les paradigmes dominants du soin et de l’hôtellerie. L’hypothèse générale est qu’un environnement architectural de type domestique (-homelike) permettra aux résidents de se sentir habitants, ce qui devrait favoriser leur bien-être, leur autonomie et le développement d’interactions sociales. Notre procédure s’est basée sur le concept de l’Evidence-Based Psychology (-psychologie fondée sur la preuve), avec un essai randomisé contrôlé. Elle a consisté à réaménager de manière domestique l’espace d’entrée de plusieurs établissements dits « standards », puis à évaluer selon les méthodes de comparaison avant vs après ; établissement réaménagé vs non réaménagé. L’étude a été multidimensionnelle et exploratoire dans ses outils de recherche ; échelles de qualité de vie, cartographie comportementale, entretiens qualitatifs. Ce travail s’inscrit dans le contexte d’un développement récent du doctorat en architecture en France et contribue de fait à la réflexion épistémologique qui l’accompagne. Il permet également pour de faire prendre conscience de l’importance du cadre bâti pour la qualité de vie et met en avant le rôle social de l’architecte. / In a global context of population ageing, many research are conducted to improve the quality of life of older people living in assisted living facilities, but few of these works develop an architectural approach. This research aims to propose new ways to design these places of life, breaking with the dominant hospital and/or hotel models. The general assumption is that an architectural environment with homelike characteristics will allow residents to feel inhabitants, which should promote their welfare, autonomy and the development of social interactions. Our procedure is based on the concept of Evidence Based Psychology, with a randomized controlled trial. The entrance hall of several facilities corresponding to standards were refurbished in a homelike way, and then we evaluated comparing before vs after; refurbished nursing home vs non refurbished. The study was multidimensional and exploratory in its research tools; quality of life scales, behavioral mapping, qualitative interviews. This work take place in the French context of recent emergence of PhD in architecture and contributes de facto to the epistemological reflection that goes with it. It also helps to raise awareness of the importance of the built environment to the quality of life and highlights the social role of architectes.

Este trabalho foi projetado a partir de experiência vivida no Instituto Nise da Silveira, Rio de Janeiro/RJ. Nesta instituição, como em outras, as mudanças estruturais efetuadas no contexto da Reforma Psiquiátrica se configuram como um dos maiores desafios colocados tanto para a assistência na área de saúde mental, quanto para a legislação que a regulamenta, considerando-se a imensa clientela de pacientes moradores das instituições psiquiátricas e os problemas que se apresentam às transformações empreendidas. No bojo das mudanças que afetam essa clientela despontam os serviços residenciais terapêuticos e o trabalho do cuidador profissional, figura de grande importância nas ações para o desmantelamento do aparato manicomial. Esta pesquisa objetiva analisar o processo do cuidado de pacientes psiquiátricos em moradias assistidas e residências terapêuticas, com atenção à formação e ao treinamento do profissional cuidador. Define-se como pesquisa qualitativa, que utiliza o método etnográfico e se apoia, teoricamente, na Antropologia Interpretativa para a análise dos significados das práticas e concepções relacionadas com o trabalho do cuidador nesses dispositivos residenciais. As técnicas utilizadas na pesquisa constituíram-se de observação direta e entrevistas semi-estruturadas. A pesquisa desenvolveu-se durante o segundo semestre de 2008 e primeiro semestre de 2009, nas moradias internas do Instituto Nise da Silveira, no Rio de Janeiro, e nas residências terapêuticas de seu entorno. Os sujeitos principais da pesquisa foram cuidadores (11) e os sujeitos secundários supervisores (4) que trabalham nos referidos espaços. Os dados coletados permitem refletir a respeito da importância do trabalho do cuidador profissional e sobre como ele se insere nas equipes de assistência em saúde mental, tendo como pano de fundo as novas regras que propõem a assistência para a clientela institucionalizada a partir da Reforma Psiquiátrica brasileira. Durante a realização da pesquisa, observou-se certa diversidade na compreensão do trabalho, tanto por parte de cuidadores como de supervisores. Esta diversidade, contudo, é mais reveladora dos desafios e da riqueza de ações de um trabalho ainda em construção do que de suas deficiências. As principais conclusões dizem respeito ao vínculo que se estabelece entre cuidadores e moradores, à possibilidade de discussão regular do trabalho em supervisão, ao impacto dos diferentes equipamentos de moradia no cotidiano de profissionais e pacientes, e às mudanças comportamentais observadas nos moradores, que permitem constatar o processo de reabilitação em curso. / This work was designed from experience at the Institute Nise da Silveira, in Rio de Janeiro / RJ. In this institution, as in others, structural changes that have been made, stand as one of the greatest challenges both for the assistance in the area of mental health, as for the legislation that regulates it; considering the huge clientele of patients who lives in psychiatric institutions and the problems that arise for transformations undertaken. In the midst of changes that affect these clients emerge the residential health care and the work of the professional caregiver, a figure of great importance in the actions for the dismantling of the asylum apparatus, foreseen in the new guidelines for psychiatric care in Brazil. This research aims to analyze the process of care of psychiatric patients in care homes and residential treatment, the formation and training of professional caregivers. It is defined as qualitative research that uses the ethnographic method and is based theoretically, in the Interpretative Anthropology for the analysis of the meanings of practices related to the work of the caregiver in these residential devices. The techniques used in the research were consisted of direct observation and semi-structured interviews. The search was conducted during the second half of 2008 and the first half of 2009, in the spaces of housing within Nise da Silveira Institute, in Rio de Janeiro, and in the therapeutic residences of its surroundings. The main subjects of the search were the caregivers (11) and the secondary subjects were the supervisors (4) who have worked in these spaces. The data collected allow us to reflect the importance of the work of the professional caregiver, and how he inserts into teams of mental health care, having as background the new rules which propose assistance for customers institutionalized as from Brazilian Psychiatric Reform. During the research, it was observed certain diversity on understanding the work, by both the caregivers and the supervisors. This diversity, in preliminary analysis, indicates mainly the challenges, and the richness of the actions of a work under development than the deficiencies. The main conclusions concern to the bond established between caregivers and residents, the possibility for a regular discussion under supervision, the impact of different equipments of the dwelling house in the everyday professionals and patients, and behavioral changes observed in residents that give us the possibility to check the rehabilitation process.

Este trabalho foi projetado a partir de experiência vivida no Instituto Nise da Silveira, Rio de Janeiro/RJ. Nesta instituição, como em outras, as mudanças estruturais efetuadas no contexto da Reforma Psiquiátrica se configuram como um dos maiores desafios colocados tanto para a assistência na área de saúde mental, quanto para a legislação que a regulamenta, considerando-se a imensa clientela de pacientes moradores das instituições psiquiátricas e os problemas que se apresentam às transformações empreendidas. No bojo das mudanças que afetam essa clientela despontam os serviços residenciais terapêuticos e o trabalho do cuidador profissional, figura de grande importância nas ações para o desmantelamento do aparato manicomial. Esta pesquisa objetiva analisar o processo do cuidado de pacientes psiquiátricos em moradias assistidas e residências terapêuticas, com atenção à formação e ao treinamento do profissional cuidador. Define-se como pesquisa qualitativa, que utiliza o método etnográfico e se apoia, teoricamente, na Antropologia Interpretativa para a análise dos significados das práticas e concepções relacionadas com o trabalho do cuidador nesses dispositivos residenciais. As técnicas utilizadas na pesquisa constituíram-se de observação direta e entrevistas semi-estruturadas. A pesquisa desenvolveu-se durante o segundo semestre de 2008 e primeiro semestre de 2009, nas moradias internas do Instituto Nise da Silveira, no Rio de Janeiro, e nas residências terapêuticas de seu entorno. Os sujeitos principais da pesquisa foram cuidadores (11) e os sujeitos secundários supervisores (4) que trabalham nos referidos espaços. Os dados coletados permitem refletir a respeito da importância do trabalho do cuidador profissional e sobre como ele se insere nas equipes de assistência em saúde mental, tendo como pano de fundo as novas regras que propõem a assistência para a clientela institucionalizada a partir da Reforma Psiquiátrica brasileira. Durante a realização da pesquisa, observou-se certa diversidade na compreensão do trabalho, tanto por parte de cuidadores como de supervisores. Esta diversidade, contudo, é mais reveladora dos desafios e da riqueza de ações de um trabalho ainda em construção do que de suas deficiências. As principais conclusões dizem respeito ao vínculo que se estabelece entre cuidadores e moradores, à possibilidade de discussão regular do trabalho em supervisão, ao impacto dos diferentes equipamentos de moradia no cotidiano de profissionais e pacientes, e às mudanças comportamentais observadas nos moradores, que permitem constatar o processo de reabilitação em curso. / This work was designed from experience at the Institute Nise da Silveira, in Rio de Janeiro / RJ. In this institution, as in others, structural changes that have been made, stand as one of the greatest challenges both for the assistance in the area of mental health, as for the legislation that regulates it; considering the huge clientele of patients who lives in psychiatric institutions and the problems that arise for transformations undertaken. In the midst of changes that affect these clients emerge the residential health care and the work of the professional caregiver, a figure of great importance in the actions for the dismantling of the asylum apparatus, foreseen in the new guidelines for psychiatric care in Brazil. This research aims to analyze the process of care of psychiatric patients in care homes and residential treatment, the formation and training of professional caregivers. It is defined as qualitative research that uses the ethnographic method and is based theoretically, in the Interpretative Anthropology for the analysis of the meanings of practices related to the work of the caregiver in these residential devices. The techniques used in the research were consisted of direct observation and semi-structured interviews. The search was conducted during the second half of 2008 and the first half of 2009, in the spaces of housing within Nise da Silveira Institute, in Rio de Janeiro, and in the therapeutic residences of its surroundings. The main subjects of the search were the caregivers (11) and the secondary subjects were the supervisors (4) who have worked in these spaces. The data collected allow us to reflect the importance of the work of the professional caregiver, and how he inserts into teams of mental health care, having as background the new rules which propose assistance for customers institutionalized as from Brazilian Psychiatric Reform. During the research, it was observed certain diversity on understanding the work, by both the caregivers and the supervisors. This diversity, in preliminary analysis, indicates mainly the challenges, and the richness of the actions of a work under development than the deficiencies. The main conclusions concern to the bond established between caregivers and residents, the possibility for a regular discussion under supervision, the impact of different equipments of the dwelling house in the everyday professionals and patients, and behavioral changes observed in residents that give us the possibility to check the rehabilitation process.

No description available.

No / OBJECTIVES: The Enriched Opportunities Programme (EOP) is a multi-level intervention focussing on improved quality of life for people with dementia. This study compared the experience of people living with dementia and other mental health problems in extra care housing schemes that utilised EOP with schemes that employed an active control intervention. METHOD: Ten extra care housing schemes were cluster randomised to receive either the EOP intervention or an active control intervention for an 18-month period. Residents with dementia or other significant mental health problems (20-30 per scheme) were assessed on a number of outcome measures at baseline, six months, one year and 18 months. The primary outcome measure was quality of life. Self-reported depression was an important secondary outcome. RESULTS: The EOP-participating residents rated their quality of life more positively over time (4.0 (SE 0.6) units; 14% p < 0.001) than the active control (1.3 (SE 0.6) units; 4% p = 0.003). There was also a significant group-time interaction for depressive symptoms (p = 0.003). The EOP-participating residents reported a reduction of 25% at both six and 12 months and a 37% reduction at 18 months (all p's < 0.001). EOP residents were less likely than residents in the active control sites to move to a care home or to be admitted to a hospital inpatient bed. They were more likely to be seen by a range of community health professionals. CONCLUSION: The EOP had a positive impact on the quality of life of people with dementia in well-staffed extra care housing schemes.